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An updated constraint on the local stratigraphy at the chang'E-4 landing site

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第1期5卷 19-31页

作者： YiRen chang ZhiYong Xiao YiChen Wang ChunYu Ding Jun Cui YuZhen Cai State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519000China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230000China National Astronomical Observations of China Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100000China

The chang’E-4 mission has been exploring the lunar *** scientific targets of the rover onboard are(1)resolving the possible mineralogy related to the South Pole-Aitken basin and(2)understanding the subsurface processes at the lunar *** to date that are based on the reflectance spectra and radar data obtained by the rover have shown a persistent inconsistency about the local *** explain both the abnormal surface topography at the landing site and the unexpected radargram observed by the rover,the Alder crater has been frequently reported to be older than the mare basalts at that landing ***,this argument is not supported by earlier geological mapping nor recent crater *** this controversy is critical for a full understanding of the geological history of the landing area and for correct interpretations of the scientific data *** detailed crater statistics,rigorous statistical analyses,and an updated crater chronology function,this study is determined to resolve the relative ages of the Alder crater,Finsen crater,and the mare basalts on the floor of Von Kármá*** results reveal that while background secondaries and local resurfacing have widely occurred in the study area,affecting age determinations,the statistics are significant enough to conclude that the Alder crater is the oldest among the three *** independent constraint is consistent with both the crosscutting relationships of different terrains in this area and global stratigraphic *** results exclude Alder as a possible contributor of the post-mare deposits at the landing site,appealing for a more systematic stratigraphy study to resolve the provenances of these deposits.

关键词： Moon chang'E-4 impact craters absolute model age stratigraphy

The use of laser altimetry data in chang'E-1 precision orbit determination

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第9期16卷 83-90页

作者： Sheng-Qi chang Yong Huang Pei-Jia Li Xiao-Gong Hu Min Fan Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology

Accurate altimetric measurement not only can be applied to the calculation of a topography model but also can be used to improve the quality of the orbit reconstruction in the form of crossovers. Altimetry data from the chang＇E-1 （CE-1） laser altimeter are analyzed in this paper. The differences between the crossover constraint equation in the form of height discrepancies and in the form of minimum distances are mainly discussed. The results demonstrate that the crossover constraint equation in the form of minimum distances improves the CE- l orbit precision. The overlap orbit performance has increased - 30% compared to the orbit using only tracking data. External assessment using the topography model also shows orbit improvement. The results will be helpful for recomputing ephemeris and improving the CE-1 topography model.

关键词： celestial mechanics -- methods data analysis -- Moon

Lunar potassium distribution:Results from chang'E-1 gamma ray spectrometer

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第11期54卷 2083-2090页

作者： ZHU Meng-Hua MA Tao chang Jin TANG ZeSheng IP Wing-Huen XU AoAo Space Exploration Laboratory Macao University of Science and Technology Avenida Wai Long Taipa Macao China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 West Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China

The global map of potassium is represented in this paper from chang'E-1 (CE-1) Gamma-ray Spectrometer (CGRS) for its one-year *** a linear relationship between net count rate and its abundance,the average potassium abundance of individual landing sites is used as ground-truth for the calibration to derive the global map of absolute *** CGRS spectra have a lower signal-to-noise ratio,the translated map still keeps relative *** calculated from Apollo,Lunar Prospector,and Kaguya,global potassium map from CGRS shows high concentrations on the lunar nearside and secondary concentrations located in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the *** comparison with Lunar Prospector potassium map shows a good correlation,though abundances on the highlands of the farside are much lower than that of Lunar *** the footprint of CGRS measurements is larger than the sampling radius of each landing site,the calibrated map shows a larger variation range of the scale than that of Lunar Prospector,which was derived using theoretical calculation;namely,the calibrated map has higher values in the areas with high concentration while having lower values for the areas with lower ***,the derived potassium map is more consistent with the lunar sample data than that of Lunar Prospector.

关键词： chang'E-1 gamma-ray spectrometer potassium distribution empirical calibration

Overall scheme and on-orbit images of chang’E-2 lunar satellite CCD stereo camera

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第9期54卷 2237-2242页

作者： ZHAO Baochang YANG JianFeng WEN DeSheng GAO Wei chang LingYing SONG ZongXi XUE Bin ZHAO Wei Xi'an Institute Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 China Key laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China State key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710119 China

The goals of engineering and scientific missions for chang＇E-2 lunar satellite require high detection sensitivity and large imaging dynamic range for the onboard CCD cameras. The TDI CCD image sensor was adopted for the two linear CCD stereo cameras for the first time in the lunar reconnaissance of the world. The design argumentation is described in this paper. The analysis shows that the imagers meet the mission requirements. The satellite was launched on 1 October 2010 at zero window. The cameras obtained images of 7 m resolution on the 100 km orbit for the first time on 24 October 2010, and operated once again on 27 October 2010 to take stereo images of the Sinus Iridum with the resolution better than 1.5 m. On the near-moon-arc of 15 kmxl00 km elliptical orbit, the images are very clear and rich of grey scales, indicating successful completion of the chang＇E-2 engineering mission. At the present the cameras are acquiring the full lunar surface stereo images with 7 m resolution on the 100 km circular orbit to complete their scientific mission.

关键词： lunar satellite chang'E -2 CCD stereo camera engineering and scientific target Sinus lridum image

Physical-property cutoffs of tight reservoirs by field and laboratory experiments: a case study from chang 6, 8–9 in Ordos Basin

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第2期15卷 471-489页

作者： Bingbing SHI Xiangchun chang Zhongquan LIU Ye LIU Tianchen GE Pengfei ZHANG Yongrui WANG Yue WANG Lixin MAO College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute Shengli Oilfield Company of SINOPECDongying 257015China Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Xuzhou 221006China

Tight sandstone reservoirs are generally characterized by complex reservoir quality,non-Darcy flow,and strong *** utilized for evaluating physical property cutoffs of conventional reservoirs maybe ***,a comprehensive investigation on physical property cutoffs of tight sandstone reservoirs is crucial for the reserve evaluation and successful *** this study,a set of evaluation approaches take advantage of field operations(i.e.,core drilling,oil testing,and wireline well logging data),and simulation experiments(i.e.,high-pressure mercury injection-capillary pressure(MICP)experiment,oil-water relative permeability experiment,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)experiment,and biaxial pressure simulation experiment)were comparatively optimized to determine the physical property cutoffs of effective reservoirs in the Upper Triassic chang 6,chang 8 and chang 9 oil layers of the Zhenjing *** results show that the porosity cutoffs of the chang 6,chang 8,and chang 9 oil layers are 7.9%,6.4%,and 8.6%,and the corresponding permeability are 0.08 mD,0.05 mD,and 0.09 mD,*** with wireline well logging,mud logging,and oil testing,the cut-off of the thickness of single-layer effective reservoirs are approximately 3.0 m,3.0 m,and 2.0 m,*** on the cutoffs of critical properties,a superimposed map showing the planar distribution of the prospective targets can be mapped,which may delineate the effective boundary of prospective targets for petroleum exploration of tight sandstone reservoirs.

关键词： tight sandstone reservoirs cutoffs of petrophysical property field operations simulation experiments Yanchang Formation Ordos Basin

Data Analysis of chang'E-1 Gamma-Ray Spectrometer and Global Distribution of U,K,and Th Elemental Abundances

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第6期85卷 1299-1309页

作者： ZOU Yongliao ZHANG Liyan LIU Jianzhong MU Lingli REN Xin ZHANG Guangliang chang Jin YAN Jun ZHANG Nan ZHANG Hongbo LU chang LIU Jianjun ZUO Wei SU Yan WEN Weibin BIAN Wei WANG Min XU Chun LI Chunlai OUYANG Ziyuan National Astronomical Observatories the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Purple Mountain Observatory the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Gamma-ray spectrometer （GRS） is one of the main payloads on the chang＇E-1 （CE-1） lunar probe, mainly aimed to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface. At 03：58 on 28 November 2007, it performed the first observation of the lunar gamma rays. As of 24 October 2008, 2105 h of effective gamma rays spectra had been acquired by CE-1 GRS, which covers the whole surface of the moon. This paper mainly describes the data processing procedures and methods of deriving the elemental abundances by using the CE-1 GRS time series corrected spectra： first, to bin data into pixels for mapping; then, to perform a background deduction of the cumulative spectra and obtain a peak area of the elements; and finally, to use the elemental abundances inversion model to produce the elemental abundances. Based on these processing methods, the global abundance maps of U, K, and Th at a 5°×5° equal-area pixel are acquired by CE-1 GRS data. The paper gives a preliminary analysis of the uncertainties of the elemental abundances.

关键词： chang'E-1 payloads gamma rays elemental abundances

The application of machine learning under supervision in identification of shale lamina combination types——A case study of chang 7_(3)sub-member organic-rich shales in the Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Science 2021年第6期18卷 1619-1629页

作者： Yuan-Yuan Zhang Ke-Lai Xi Ying-chang Cao Bao-Hai Yu Hao Wang Mi-Ruo Lin Ke Li Yang-Yang Zhang Deep Oil and Gas Key Laboratory China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoShandong 266580China No.7 Oil Recovery Plant of PetroChina changqing Oilfield Company Xi'anShaanxi 710000China Fengcheng Oil Recovery Plant of PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company KaramayXinjiang 834000China

Organic rich laminated shale is one type of favorable reservoirs for exploration and development of continental shale oil in ***,with limited geological data,it is difficult to predict the spatial distribution of laminated shale with great vertical *** solve this problem,taking chang 73 sub-member in Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin as an example,an idea of predicting lamina combinations by combining'conventional log data-mineral composition prediction-lamina combination type identification'has been worked out based on machine learning under supervision on the premise of adequate knowledge of characteristics of lamina mineral ***,the main mineral components of the work area were figured out by analyzing core data,and the log data sensitive to changes of the mineral components was extracted;then machine learning was used to construct the mapping relationship between the two;based on the variations in mineral composition,the lamina combination types in typical wells of the research area were identified to verify the *** results show the approach of'conventional log data-mineral composition prediction-lamina combination type identification'works well in identifying the types of shale lamina *** approach was applied to chang 73 sub-member in Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin to find out planar distribution characteristics of the laminae.

关键词： Organic-rich shale Laminae combination Conventional logs Machine learning Ordos Basin

Thorium distribution on the Moon:new insights from chang’E-2 gamma-ray spectrometer

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第6期19卷 1-14页

作者： Meng-Hua Zhu Jin chang Tao Ma State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and Technology Taipa Macao China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210034 China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026 China

We present the thorium distribution on the lunar surface derived from observations by the chang’E-2 gamma-ray spectrometer(CE-2 GRS). This new map shows a similar thorium distribution to previous observations. In combination with this new thorium map and impact cratering model, we investigate the origination of thorium on the Moon’s highlands, which was previously thought to be contributed from Imbrium ejecta. We found that the Imbrium ejecta has a small contribution(~20%–30%) to the thorium on the lunar highlands but most thorium is likely to be indigenous before the deposition of the Imbrium ejecta. This new thorium map also confirms that the eastern highlands have a relatively higher thorium concentration than the western highlands. We propose that the thin crust and large basins on the eastern highlands are responsible for this difference in thorium.

关键词： Moon-chang'E-2 Gamma-ray Spectrometer-Thorium distribution

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on compounds in volatile oils extracted from Yuan Zhi(Radix Polygalae) and Shi chang Pu(Acorus Tatarinowii) by supercritical CO_2

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012年第3期32卷 459-464页

作者： Yingli Wang Liping chang Xiaoguang Zhao Xianbin Meng Yaming Liu Department of Chinese Pharmacology ShanxiUniversity of Chinese Medicine Shanxi Taiyuan 030024 China Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Ministry of Education and ShanxiProvince Shanxi Taiyuan 030024 China

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the constituents of volatile oils extracted from Yuan Zhi(Radix Polygalae),Shi chang Pu(Acorus Tatarinowii),and a mixture of the two ***:The volatile oils were extracted using supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) with CO 2,and the constituents of the volatile oil extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The relative content of each component was calculated using peak area ***:The optimized SFE conditions were 45 MPa at 35℃ for 2 ***-four compounds were identified in the extract from the Yuan Zhi(Radix Polygalae) and Shi chang Pu(Acorus Tatarinowii) mixture,and six of these had relative contents >*** compounds were 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-benzene;1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-(2-propenyl)-benzene;β-asarone;(Z,Z) 9,12-octadecadienoic acid;(Z) 6-octadecenoic acid;and ethyl *** of the herbs increased the number of pharmacologically active substances in the extract and decreased the number of compounds with one benzene ring compared with the extracts from the individual ***:These results indicate there is a synergistic relationship among the compounds in these herbs.

关键词： Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Radix polygalae Acorus tatarinowii Chromatography,Supercritical fluid