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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu chandreyee maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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An Optimal Hybrid Learning Approach for Attack Detection in Linear Networked Control Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第6期6卷 1404-1416页

作者： Haifeng Niu Avimanyu Sahoo chandreyee Bhowmick S·Jagannathan Seattle WA 98103 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStill WaterOK 74078 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409 USA

A novel learning-based attack detection and estimation scheme is proposed for linear networked control systems(NCS),wherein the attacks on the communication network in the feedback loop are expected to increase network induced delays and packet losses,thus changing the physical system ***,the network traffic flow is modeled as a linear system with uncertain state matrix and an optimal Q-learning based control scheme over finite-horizon is utilized to stabilize the ***,an adaptive observer is proposed to generate the detection residual,which is subsequently used to determine the onset of an attack when it exceeds a predefined threshold,followed by an estimation scheme for the signal injected by the attacker.A stochastic linear system after incorporating network-induced random delays and packet losses is considered as the uncertain physical system *** attack detection scheme at the physical system uses the magnitude of the state vector to detect attacks both on the sensor and the *** maximum tolerable delay that the physical system can tolerate due to networked induced delays and packet losses is also *** have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

关键词： Attack detection attack estimation event-triggered control Lyapunov stability networked control system(NCS) optimal control Q-learning

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Tectonic control on the drainage system in a piedmont region in tectonically active eastern Himalayas

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第1期6卷 29-38页

作者： chandreyee GOSWAMI Dhruba MUKHOPADHYAY Bikash Chandra PODDAR Asutosh College Saltlake CityKolkata 700026India Raman Center for Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Saltlake CityKolkata 700075India BE 267 Saltlake CityKolkata 700064India

The impact ofneotectonic activity on drainage system has been studied in a large alluvial fan in the eastern Himalayan piedmont area between the Mal River and the Murti River. Two distinct E-W lineaments passing through this area had been identified by Nakata （1972, 1989） as active faults. The northern lineament manifested as Matiali scarp and the southern one manifested as Chalsa scarp represent the ramp anticlines over two blind faults, probably the Main Boundary Thrust （MBT） and the Himalayan Frontal Thrust （HFT）, respectively. The fan surface is folded into two antiforms with a synform in between. These folds are interpreted as fault propagation folds over the two north dipping blind thrusts. Two lineaments trending NNE-SSW and nearly N-S, respec- tively, are identified, and parts of present day courses of the Murti and Neora Rivers follow them. These lineaments are named as Murti and Neora lineaments and are interpreted to represent a conjugate set of normal faults. The rivers have changed their courses by the influence of these normal faults along the Murti and Neora lineaments and their profiles show knick points where they cross E-W thrusts. The overall drainage pattern is changed from radial pattern in north of the Matiali scarp to a subparallel one in south due to these conjugate normal faults. The interfluve area between these two rivers is uplifted as a result of vertical movements on the above mentioned faults. Four major terraces and some minor terraces are present along the major river valleys and these are formed due to episodic upliftment of the ground and subsequent down- cutting of the rivers. The uppermost terrace shows a northerly slope north of the Chalsa scarp as a result of folding mentioned above. But rivers on this terrace form incised channels keeping their flow southerly suggestingthat they are antecedent to the folding and their downcutting kept pace with the tectonism.

关键词： alluvial fan drainage pattern thrust normalfault active tectonic

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Evolution of landscape in a piedmont section of Eastern Himalayan foothills along India-Bhutan border: A tectono-geomorphic perspective

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第12期16卷 2828-2843页

作者： chandreyee CHAKRABARTI GOSWAMI Prasun JANA John C WEBER Department of Geology University of Calcutta35Ballygunge Circular RoadKolkata 700029India Geological Survey of India Northern RegionSector ELucknow 226024India Department of Geology Grand Valley State University1 Campus DriveAllendaleMI 49401 USA

The present study area involves part of a deformed coalesced fan located along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust(HFT)on the east of river Tista near the India-Bhutan *** area is marked by two spectacular E-W trending south-sloping scarps namely the Matiali(ca.60 m)and Chalsa(ca.90 m)Scarps and a north-sloping E-W trending Thaljhora(ca.80 m)*** work comprises of a comparative study of geomorphology and geologic history in the adjacent interfluves of Jaldhaka-Gathia and Neora-Murti rivers to understand the tectonic history of the *** mapped the Jaldhaka-Gathia river interfluve at a 1:25,000 scale and report a hitherto unidentified northerly sloping small scarp of ca.5 m height named the Nagrakata *** scarp was identified using satellite images,DEMs,and total station *** interpret that the two northsloping,E-W trending scarps(Thaljhora and Nagrakata Scarps)are manifestations of steep limbs of anticlines over blind south-dipping back *** they form a wrinkle-ridge pair behind the north-dipping HFT,which is manifested by south-sloping Chalsa *** propose a plausible geomorphic model interpreting that deformation along the small fan in the Jaldhaka-Gathia interfluves is younger compared to fan deposition and deformation in the adjacent Mal-Murti *** most recent geomorphology of the Jaldhaka-Gathia interfluve is controlled by tectonism associated with the thrust below the Nagrakata Scarp where the youngest deformation episode is recorded to at around^6 ka and is likely related to motion on a splay off of the thrust beneath the Thaljhora Scarp.

关键词： Eastern Himalayas Thaljhora Scarp Nagrakata Scarp Drainage Back-thrust Wrinkle-ridge

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Advanced low-dimensional carbon materials for flexible devices

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InfoMat 2020年第4期2卷 698-714页

作者： chandreyee M.Das Lixing Kang Qingling Ouyang Ken-Tye Yong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

We live in a digitized era,where we are completely surrounded by a plethora of automated electronic systems,be it a smart home energy controller or a selfoperated diagnostic kiosk in a *** the recent advent of onedimensional(1D)and two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials like carbon nanotube(CNT)and graphene,the world of electronics has revolutionized with state-of-the-art product *** nanomaterials possess desirable features of large surface area,excellent electrical conductivity,and high mechanical *** devices made out of these materials have the added advantages of being flexible,light-weight,and ***,presentday devices that utilize these substances as channel or electrode materials have been able to undergo a positive transformation as compared with conventional *** and bendability are some of the coveted aesthetics of modern-day electronics and the use of these 1D and 2D nanomaterials imparts such features to the devices,without having to compromise on key output characteristics like sensitivity and *** this short review,we discuss about various new configurations that are based on graphene,CNT,and other materials like transition metal dichalcogenides,and how these materials have been able to metamorphose the attributes of conventional devices.

关键词： 1D/2D materials carbon nanotube flexible electronics graphene

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Interacting system NGC 7805/6(Arp 112)and its tidal dwarf galaxy candidate

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第2期21卷 149-156页

作者： Zhen-Xing Fu chandreyee Sengupta Ramya Sethuram Bikram Pradhan Mridweeka Singh Kuntal Misra TomCScott Yin-Zhe Ma Purple Mountain Observatory(CAS) Nanjing 210034China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Indian Institute of Astrophysics KoramangalaBangalore 560034India Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences Manora PeakNainital 263001India Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences(IA) Rua das Estrelas4150-762 PortoPortugal School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusPrivate Bag X54001Durban4000South Africa NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre(NUCAC) University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4000South Africa

We present results from our Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope(GMRT)HⅠ,Himalayan Chandra Telescope(HCT)Hα,1 m Sampurnanand Telescope(ST)and 1.3 m Devasthal Fast Optical Telescope(DFOT)deep optical observations of the NGC 7805/6(Arp 112)system to test KUG 2359+311’s tidal dwarf galaxy(TDG)candidacy and explore the properties of the interacting *** GMRT HⅠmap shows no HⅠdetection associated with KUG 2359+311,nor any HⅠtail or bridge-like structure connecting KUG 2359+311 to the NGC 7805/6 *** HCT Hαimage,on the other hand,displays strong detections in KUG 2359+311,with net SFR0.035±0.009 M_(⊙)yr^(-1).The Hαdata constrain the redshift of KUG 2359+311 to 0.00≤z≤0.043,compared to the redshift of NGC 7806 *** detected to date have all been HⅠrich,and displayed HⅠ,ionised gas and stellar tidal debris trails(bridges or tails)linking them to their parent ***,neither our HⅠdata nor our optical imaging,while three magnitudes deeper than SDSS,reveals a tidal trail connecting KUG 2359+311 to NGC 7805/*** of HⅠ,presence of an old stellar population,ongoing star formation and reasonably high SFR compared to normal dwarf galaxies suggest that KUG 2359+311 may not be an Arp 112 *** is most likely a case of a regular gas-rich dwarf galaxy undergoing a morphological transformation after having lost its entire gas content to an interaction with the Arp 112 *** and metallicity from future spectroscopic observations of KUG 2359+311 would help clarify the nature of this enigmatic structure.

关键词： galaxies dwarf-galaxies interactions-galaxies spiral-galaxies star formation-galaxies peculiar-radio lines galaxies

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