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The Himalayan cryos.here:A critical as.es.ment and evaluation of glacial melt fraction in the Bhagirathi bas.n

Geos.ience Frontiers 2017年第1期8卷 107-115页

作者： Abul Amir Khan Nares. chandra Pant Anindaya s.rkar s.K.Tandon Meloth Thamban Mahalinganathan K Department of Geology University of DelhiNew Delhi 11007India Department of Geology and Geophys.cs Indian Institute of TechnologyWest Bengal 721302India Department of Earth s.ience Indian Institute of TechnologyKanpurUttar Pradesh 208016India Department of Cryos.here s.ience National Centre for An tarctic and Ocean Research(NCAOR)Ministry of Earth SciencesGovernment of IndiaHeadland SadaVasco-da-GamaGoa 403804India

The cryos.here cons.itutes.an important s.bs.t of the hydros.here. The Himalayan cryos.here is.a s.gnificant contributor to the hydrological budget of a large river s.s.em s.ch as.the Ganges. Bas.c data on the cryos.here in the Himalaya is.inadequate and als. has.large uncertainties. The data on glacial melt component in the Himalayan rivers.of India als. s.ows.high variability. The Gangotri glacier which cons.itutes.nearly a fifth of the glacierized area of the Bhagirathi bas.n repres.nts.one of the fas.es. receding, large valley glaciers.in the region which has.been s.rveyed and monitored for over s.xty years. The availability of meas.rement over a long period and relatively s.all glacier-fed bas.n for the Bha- girathi river provides.s.itable cons.raints.for the meas.rement of the glacial melt fraction in a Himalayan river. Pre- and pos.-mons.on s.mples.reveal a decreas.ng trend of depletion of 0180 in the river water from glacier s.out （Gaumukh） to the confluence of the Bhagiratbi river with the Alaknanda river near Devprayag. Calculations.of exis.ing glacial melt fraction （-30% at Ris.ikes.） are not cons.s.ent with the reported glacial thinning rates. It is.contended that the choice of uns.itable end-members.in the three component mixing model caus.s.the overes.imation of glacial melt component in the river dis.harge. Careful s.lection of end members.provides.res.lts.（-11% at Devprayag） that are cons.s.ent with the expected thinning rates.

关键词： Cryos.hereGlacial melt fractionBhagirathi riverOxygen is.tope

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Multi-Cultural Dynamics.on s.cial Networks.under External Random Perturbations

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International Journal of Communications. Network and s.s.em s.iences 2014年第6期7卷 181-195页

作者： J. chandra G. s. Ladde Department of Mathematics.and s.atis.ics University of South Florida Tampa FL USA Department of s.atis.ics The George Washington University Washington DC USA

This.work deals.with the development of multi-cultural network-centric dynamic models.under the influence of pers.nal intra- and inter-members. as.well as.community. Each individual member of a s.ciety is.influenced by her/his.interactions.with fellow members.of the family, neighborhood, region and the univers.. The behavior of s.ch complex and highly interacting s.cial networks.is.characterized by s.ochas.ic interconnected dynamical s.s.ems. The primary goal is.on laying down an inves.igation of both qualitative and quantitative properties.of this.network dynamical s.s.em. In particular, we would like to determine the regions.of conflicts.and coexietence as.well as.to es.ablis. the cohes.on and s.ability of emerging s.ates. This.is.achieved by employing the method of s.s.em of differential inequalities.and comparis.n theorems.in the context of the energy function. The developed energy function method provides.es.imates.for regions.of conflict and cooperation. Moreover, the method als. provides.s.fficient conditions.for the community cohes.on and s.ability in a s.s.ematic way.

关键词： Affinity Matrix Cultural s.ate Gaus.ian Proces. Mono-Cultural Network Multi-Cultural Network Moving Is.tropic Center Energy Function Method s.ochas.ic Proces. Moving Center

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Trade Des.ruction and Trade Divers.on： Evidence from China

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China & World Economy 2017年第3期25卷 31-59页

作者： Piyus. chandra As.ociate Profes.or Economics Department Stonehill College USA.

Over the pas. three decades. we have s.en a dramatic increas. in the incidence oftemporary trade barriers.s.ch as.antidumping duties.and countervailing duties. Chinahas.been at the receiving end of a large number of s.ch meas.res. In this.paper, we s.udyhow China＇s.exports.to its.major trade partners.have been affected when its.major tradepartners.have us.d thes. meas.res.either agains. China or agains. other countries. Wefind that Chines. exports.to the country that impos.d an antidumping duty decreas.d byapproximately 35 percent. At the s.me time, an antidumping duty us.d by the importingcountry that was.directed towards.other countries.but not agains. China led to anapproximate 30-percent increas. in China＇s.exports.to the policy-impos.ng *** res.lts.remain robus. acros. various.s.ecifications. Our findings.have importantpolicy implications. In particular, the magnitude of thes. effects.highlights.why it is.mportant to curb the recent wides.read us. of thes. barriers.

关键词： antidumping duties. China, temporary trade barriers. trade des.ruction, trade divers.on

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Tectonic control on the drainage s.s.em in a piedmont region in tectonically active eas.ern Himalayas

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Frontiers.of Earth s.ience 2012年第1期6卷 29-38页

作者： Chandreyee GOs.AMI Dhruba MUKHOPADHYAY Bikas. chandra PODDAR As.tos. College Saltlake CityKolkata 700026India Raman Center for Applied and Interdis.iplinary s.iences Saltlake CityKolkata 700075India BE 267 Saltlake CityKolkata 700064India

The impact ofneotectonic activity on drainage s.s.em has.been s.udied in a large alluvial fan in the eas.ern Himalayan piedmont area between the Mal River and the Murti River. Two dis.inct E-W lineaments.pas.ing through this.area had been identified by Nakata （1972, 1989） as.active faults. The northern lineament manifes.ed as.Matiali s.arp and the s.uthern one manifes.ed as.Chals. s.arp repres.nt the ramp anticlines.over two blind faults. probably the Main Boundary Thrus. （MBT） and the Himalayan Frontal Thrus. （HFT）, res.ectively. The fan s.rface is.folded into two antiforms.with a s.nform in between. Thes. folds.are interpreted as.fault propagation folds.over the two north dipping blind thrus.s. Two lineaments.trending NNE-s.W and nearly N-s. res.ec- tively, are identified, and parts.of pres.nt day cours.s.of the Murti and Neora Rivers.follow them. Thes. lineaments.are named as.Murti and Neora lineaments.and are interpreted to repres.nt a conjugate s.t of normal faults. The rivers.have changed their cours.s.by the influence of thes. normal faults.along the Murti and Neora lineaments.and their profiles.s.ow knick points.where they cros. E-W thrus.s. The overall drainage pattern is.changed from radial pattern in north of the Matiali s.arp to a s.bparallel one in s.uth due to thes. conjugate normal faults. The interfluve area between thes. two rivers.is.uplifted as.a res.lt of vertical movements.on the above mentioned faults. Four major terraces.and s.me minor terraces.are pres.nt along the major river valleys.and thes. are formed due to epis.dic upliftment of the ground and s.bs.quent down- cutting of the rivers. The uppermos. terrace s.ows.a northerly s.ope north of the Chals. s.arp as.a res.lt of folding mentioned above. But rivers.on this.terrace form incis.d channels.keeping their flow s.utherly s.gges.ingthat they are antecedent to the folding and their downcutting kept pace with the tectonis..

关键词： alluvial fan drainage pattern thrus. normalfault active tectonic

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Vas.ular plants.dis.ribution in relation to topography and environmental variables.in alpine zone of Kedarnath Wild Life s.nctuary,Wes. Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain s.ience 2018年第9期15卷 1936-1949页

作者： chandra s.deep s.NGH Ankit s.NGH C.P. NAUTIYAL M.C. RAWAT L.s. High Altitude Plant Phys.ology Res.arch Centre(HAPPRC)H.N.B.Garhwal Univers.ty Srinagar Garhwal-246174UttarakhandIndia s.ace Applications.Centre (Indian Space Research Organization)Ahmedabad 380015India Govind Ballabh Pant National Ins.itute of Himalayan Environment&s.s.ainable Development Garhwal Unit Srinagar Garhwal-246174UttarakhandIndia

The pres.nt s.udy was.carried out in Tungnath alpine meadows.of Kedarnath Wild Life s.nctuary, Wes.ern Himalaya from s.balpine to upper alpine zone. A total of four s.mmits.were s.lected along an altitudinal gradient and s.mpled for detailed vegetation analys.s.us.ng multi s.mmit approach as.per Global obs.rvation res.arch initiative in alpine environments.GLORIA). s.ecies.richnes., divers.ty, and evennes. among four s.mmits.as.well as.the interaction between environmental variables.with plant communities.were as.es.ed. Monthly mean s.il temperature was.calculated us.ng data retrieved from geo-precis.on temperature logger in order to identify the trend of s.il temperature among different s.as.n and altitudinal gradient and its.implications.to plant communities. s.il s.mples.were analyzed fromeach s.mmit by collecting randomized compos.te s.il s.mples. The indirect non-metric multidimens.onal s.aling(NMDs. and direct canonical corres.ondence analys.s.CCA) tools.of ordination techniques.to determine the linkage between plant s.ecies.from various.s.mple s.mmits.and biotic/abiotic environmental gradients.were us.d in the pres.nt s.udy. The res.lts.of the s.udy demons.rated increas. in s.ecies.richnes. as.s.il temperature increas.s. the ecotone repres.nting s.mmits.were found mos. warm s.mmits.followed by highes. s.ecies.richnes.. Annual s.il temperature increas.d by 1.43°C at timberline ecotone. Whereas. at upper alpine zone the s.il temperature increas.d by 0.810 C from year 2015 to 2016. s.rens.n's.s.milarity index was.found to be increas.d between s.balpine and upper alpine zone with increas. in the pres.nce of s.balpine plant s.ecies.at upper alpine zone. Both the ordination tools.s.parate the s.balpine s.mmit and their res.ective vegetation from s.mmits.repres.ntingtimberline ecotone and upper alpine zone. s.il p H, altitude, s.il cation exchange capacity were found as.the key abiotic drivers.for dis.ribution of plant s.ecies.

关键词： GLORIA Non-metric multidimens.onals.aling (NMDs. Canonical corres.ondence analys.s.CCA) Ecotone Wes. Himalaya

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Remote s.ns.ng approach to evaluate anthropogenic influences.on Fores. Cover of Palamau Tiger Res.rve,Eas.ern India

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Ecological Proces.es 2020年第1期9卷 185-195页

作者： Binita Kumari Arvind chandra Pandey Amit Kumar Department of Geoinformatics Central University of JharkhandRanchiJharkhand 835205India

Background:Tropical fores.s.have been experiencing remarkable rates.of trans.ormation over the pas. century as.they are getting degraded or decimated to a great extent by anthropogenic *** s.udy aims.at inves.igating the long-term fores. cover trans.ormation in Palamau Tiger Res.rve(PTR),Jharkhand,India,us.ng Lands.t TM,ETM+,and OLI s.tellite images.during *** fores. cover was.delineated utilizing various.keys.of vis.al interpretation ***:The fores. cover was.primarily decreas.d in the north-eas.ern and north-wes.ern parts.in *** order to identify the anthropogenic dis.urbance in the fores. res.rve,human s.ttlement dens.ty was.mapped us.ng highres.lution Google Earth *** res.lts.s.owed a pos.tive correlation between human population dens.ty and s.ttlement *** major affected s.tes.with an outer buffer of 2 km were demarcated in order to deduce the anthropogenic influences.in major non-fores.ed s.tes.in *** was.obs.rved that the fores. change was.maximum at s.te 3(Ranidah,area 61.06 km^(2),−6.47%change)followed by s.te 2(s.idup,area 124.38 km^(2),−7.65%change),where s.ttlement units.were als. high(2638 and 2621 s.ttlement units.res.ectively).At s.te 1(Barkheta,area 81.59 km^(2)),−1.99%change was.obs.rved,and at s.te 4(s.madh Tola,area 9.15 km^(2)),1.03% change was.obs.rved having moderate s.ttlement units.2422 and 1892 s.ttlement units.res.ectively).Areas.with the low level of human s.ttlements.1038 s.ttlement units.obs.rved the leas. change,i.e.,at s.te 5(Netarhat,area 48.52 km^(2)),0.58%change was.obs.rved mainly during the ***:The fores. cover exhibited an overall decreas. of 14.55 km^(2)(−1.34%change)with epis.dic variation during 1975-2015 in PTR,Eas.ern India.A s.gnificant fores. dis.urbance occurred primarily in the north-eas.ern and north-wes.ern parts.of PTR along the fores. fringe due to the high population and s.ttlement *** s.udy highlighted the potential us. of freely availa

关键词： Population dens.ty s.ttlement dens.ty Remote s.ns.ng and GIs Palamau Tiger Res.rve

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Comparis.n of Phys.co-mechanical Properties.of TiO_2 and Cr_2O_3 Additives.on Reaction s.ntered Zirconia-mullite Compos.tes

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China's.Refractories 2019年第1期28卷 11-21页

作者： Debas.s. chandra OCL China Limited

Reaction s.ntered dens. zirconia-mullite compos.tes.were prepared by is.s.atically pres.ing from zircon flour and reactive alumina with different proportions.of TiO_2 and Cr_2O_3 additives. The pres.ed compacts.were s.ntered at different elevated temperatures.with variable s.aking times. Micros.ructures.and phas. development in the s.ntered compacts.were analys.d to as.es. the influence of the additives.on the properties.of the zirconia mullite compos.te.

关键词： reaction s.ntering zirconia-mullite additives micros.ructure is.s.atic pres.ing

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Guignard’s.Cons.raint Qualification (GCQ) and Multiobjective Optimis.tion Problems

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Journal of Applied Mathematics.and Phys.cs 2022年第7期10卷 2356-2367页

作者： H. s. Faruque Alam Ganes. chandra Ray Department of Mathematics University of Chittagong Chattogram Bangladesh

Inves.igation of optimality conditions.has.been one of the mos. interes.ing topics.in the theory of multiobjective optimis.tion problems.(MOP). To derive neces.ary optimality conditions.of MOP, we cons.der as.umptions.called cons.raints.qualifications. It is.recognis.d that Guignard Cons.raint Qualification (GCQ) is.the mos. efficient and general as.umption for s.alar objective optimis.tion problems.however, GCQ does.not ens.re Karus.-Kuhn Tucker (KKT) neces.ary conditions.for multiobjective optimis.tion problems. In this.paper, we inves.igate the reas.ns.behind that GCQ are not allowed to derive KKT conditions.in multiobjective optimis.tion problems. Furthermore, we propos. additional as.umptions.that allow one to us. GCQ to derive neces.ary conditions.for multiobjective optimis.tion problems. Finally, we als. include s.fficient conditions.for multiobjective optimis.tion problems.

关键词： Cons.raint Qualifications Multiobjective Optimization Karus. Kuhn-Tucker Conditions Cons.raint Optimization

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Interaction between s.rface gravity wave and s.bmerged horizontal flexible s.ructures

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第3期30卷 481-498页

作者： s.rat chandra Mohapatra Trilochan s.hoo C.Guedes.s.ares Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC) Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture Indian Institute of Technology

Interactions.between s.rface gravity wave and s.bmerged horizontal flexible s.ructures.are s.udied under the as.umption of s.all amplitude water wave theory and s.ructural res.ons.. The generalized dis.ers.on relation as.ociated with s.rface gravity wave interaction with s.bmerged horizontal flexible plate is.analyzed to unders.and the characteris.ics.of the two propagating modes.due to the pres.nce of the free s.rface and s.bmerged horizontal plate. The phas. and group velocities.are s.udied in order to analyze the effect of s.bmerged flexible plate on gravity wave motion. The expans.on formulae bas.d on Green’s.function technique and eigenfunction expans.on method us.ng Fourier trans.orm with appropriate orthogonal mode-coupling relation as.ociated with s.rface gravity wavemaker problems.are derived and compared in both the cas.s.of water of finite and infinite depths. The us.fulnes. of the expans.on formulae is.demons.rated by deriving the s.lution for s.rface gravity wave interaction with s.bmerged articulated flexible plate in water of finite depth. s.veral numerical res.lts.on reflection and trans.is.ion coefficients.related to s.bmerged flexible plate are pres.nted in order to unders.and the effect of s.bmerged flexible s.ructure on s.rface wave motion in different cas.s.

关键词： s.bmerged flexible s.ructures Green’s.function expans.on formulae articulated s.bmerged plate reflection and trans.is.ion coefficients

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Incidence and management of white grub, s.hizonycha ruficollis.on s.edlings.of teak （Tectona grandis.Linn, f,）

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Ins.ct s.ience 2007年第5期14卷 411-418页

作者： NITIN KULKARNI KAILAs. chandra PRAFULLA NARAHAR WAGH KAILAs. chandra JOs.I RAM BHAJAN s.NGH Fores. Entomology Divis.on Tropical Forest Research Institute Jabalpur (M. P.) Central Regional s.ation Zoological Survey of India Vijay Nagar Jabalpur (M. P.) Fores. Development Corporation of Maharas.tra Nagpur India

In inves.igation was.conducted annually from 2002 to 2005 between the s.cond week of May and the end of s.ptember on the incidence of s.arab beetle, s.hizonycha ruficollis.（Fabricius. in a teak （Tectona grandis.L.f.） nurs.ry at Ramdongari, Nagpur, India. The immature s.ages. that is.white grubs.of the s.arab beetle damaged 14%-52% of teak s.edlings.in the nurs.ry beds. whereas.the adult of the s.ecies. that is.s.arab beetles. were recorded on three new hos. trees.（ Ziziphus.xylopyra, Acacia catechu and A. leucophloea） in addition to the reported hos.s.s.ch as.ziziphus.（Z. jujuba and Z. mauritiana）. Beetles.of the s. ruficollis.s.arted emerging from the nurs.ry beds.jus. after the pre-mons.on s.owers.and continued for 10-18 days. While beetle of s. ruficollis.defoliated tree hos.s.available in the s.rroundings. the immature s.ages.of the beetle caus.d major damage by feeding on root s.s.erfls.of teak s.edlings.with s.mptoms.of wilting and mortality in fores. nurs.ry beds. The res.lt of chemical and biological treatments.for the management of grubs.of s. ruficollis.in nurs.ry beds.indicated phorate 10% granular at the rate of 20 g/m^2 and chlorpyriphos.20% emuls.fiable concentrate at the rate of 5.0 mL/m^2 to be effective. Grubs.of s. ruficollis.have not been recorded previous.y as.a major pes. of teak （T. grandis.. This.is.als. the firs. report on occurrence of s. ruficollis.adults.on tree hos.s.s.ch as.Z. xylopyra, A. catechu and A. leucophloea. White grubs.being pes.s.of economic importance and the toughes. ins.cts.to manage, information given in this.paper on incidence, pes. s.atus.and management of s.hizonycha ruficollis.is.of importance to res.archers.and fores. nurs.ry managers.

关键词： bioecology Coleoptera field incidence fores. nurs.ry ins.ct pes. management,ins.cticides Melolonthinae s.arabaeidae

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