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Wheat Stripe Rust Virulence and Varietal Resistance in the Foot Hill Himalayas of Nepal

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(b) 2015年第7期5卷 477-485页

作者： Sarala sharma Etienne Duveiller chandra bahadur Karki Dhruba bahadur Thapa Ram chandra sharma Arun Kumar Joshi Plant Pathology Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Lalitpur 44700 Nepal CIMMYT Global Wheat Program Apdo Postal 6-641 Mexico 06600 DF Mexico Agriculture botany Division Nepal Agricultural Research Council Lalitpur 44700 Nepal ICARDA Central Asia and the Caucasus Regional Program Tashkent 10000 Uzbekistan CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office Kathmandu 44600 Nepal

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst） is an important disease of wheat （Triticum aestivum） in Nepal, which is a part of the Himalayas stretching over the North of Nepal, India, Pakistan, bhutan and beyond. Wheat production plays a crucial role in food security of the marginal hill farmers of Nepal. Frequent epidemics of the rust have caused huge loss in farmer＇s field. Periodic monitoring during 1980-2008 showed that changes in virulence occurred during this period. The objective of this study was to evaluate Pst resistance and its effective genes in wheat genotypes. For this, trap nurseries, wheat stripe rust differentials, commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines were tested under artificial epiphytotic and natural hot spots conditions during 2005 to 2010. Four genes （Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and YrSp） consistently showed resistance to the prevailing races. The gene Yr9 and Yr27 in combinations with Yrl8 were found effective. Other lines with combination of minor genes were also found effective. The genotypes Amadina, Kukuna, Tukuru, Kakatsi and buck buck widely used in breeding program were resistant. The cultivation of varieties WK1204, Gautam, Gaura and Dhaulagiri have ensured genetic diversity for the rust resistance and slowed down frequent occurrence of epidemics. The findings of these studies could help in developing effective varietal resistance program in the sub-continent.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis resistance virulence stripe rust Triticum aestivum wheat.

Singlet Oxygen Generation and Photoinduced Charge Separation of Tetra Polyethyleneglycol Functionalized Zinc Phthalocyanine-Fullerene Dyad

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2016年第10期34卷 969-974页

作者： Habtom b. Gobeze Ta Tram chandra b. KC Robert R. Cantu Paul A. Karr Francis D'Souza Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics Wayne State College 111 Main Street Wayne Nebraska 68787 USA Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Processes Institute (A MMPI) UNT-Discovery Park 3940 N. Elm St. #E132 Denton TX 76207-7102 USA

Utilization of polyethyleneglycol （PEG） functionalized zinc phthalocyanine, （PEG）4ZnPc in （i） singlet oxygen generation, and （ii） in building energy harvesting donor-acceptor systems using fullerene, C60 as an acceptor via the well-known metal-ligand axial coordination approach is reported. The （PEG）4ZnPe was found to be capable of producing singlet oxygen with a quantum yield, ooa of 0.77 in toluene, a value higher than that obtained for pristine （t-bu）4ZnPc （φ△=0.54） carrying no PEG groups, revealing its usefulness in photodynamic therapy applications. Spectroscopic studies revealed efficient binding of phenylimidazole functionalized fullerene, C60 Im with l ： 1 stoichiometry to （PEG）4ZnPc. binding constant K for the formation of （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad was found to be 6 × 103 M 1 revealing moderate stability. Geometric and electronic studies of the dyad was arrived by b3LYP/3-21G（＊） method. The HOMO level was found to be on zinc phthalocyanine entity while the LUMO level was found to be on the C60 entity suggesting formation of （PEG）4ZnPc＊＋：ImC60＊ charge separated state during the process of electron transfer reaction. Redox studies on the （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad enabled accurate determination of the oxidation and reduction potentials of the donor-acceptor system, and to evaluate free-energy changes associated for the charge separation process. Kinetics of photoinduced charge separation and recombination in the （PEG）4ZnPc：ImC60 dyad was investigated using femtosecond transient absorption studies. Relatively long-lived charge separated states were confirmed for the dyad suggesting their potential usefulness in energy harvesting applications.

关键词： singlet oxygen photoinduced charge separation zinc phthalocyanine fullerene self-assembly

Effect of Chromium on Magnetic Characteristics of Powder Processed Fe-0.35wt%P Alloy

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2011年第7期10卷 617-624页

作者： Deepika sharma Kamlesh chandra Prabhu Shankar Misra Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 India

The present investigation deals with hot powder preform forging technique for the development of high density iron-phosphorus based alloys. These alloys are known for hot-shortness and are therefore not considered suitable for high temperature working. To remove this problem proper soaking at high temperature to eliminate iron- phosphide eutectic and bring entire phosphorus into solution in iron was aimed. Attempting hot forging thereafter completely eliminates hot as well as cold shortness and thereby helps to form these alloys into very thin sheets. It has also been possible to eliminate the use of costly hydrogen atmosphere during sintering by use of addition of carbon as a reducing agent to form CO gas within the compact by reacting with oxygen of iron powder particles. The glassy ceramic coating applied over the compact serves as a protective coating to avoid atmospheric oxygen attack over the compact held at high temperature. Combined application of carbon and glassy ceramic coating has lead to economy in P/M processing for soft magnetic applications. Fe- 0.07C- 0.3O- 0.35wt% P- 0.35wt% Cr alloy so formed yielded coercivity as low as 0.42 Oe, resistivity as high as 21.8 μ cm and total loss as low as 0.170 W/Kg. Such a combination of properties may suit their application in magnetic relays and transformer cores.

关键词： Glassy Ceramic Coating Preform Forging Coercivity

Rapid visualization of latent fingerprints using novel CaSiO_3:Sm^(3+) nanophosphors fabricated via ultrasound route

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第1期37卷 32-44,M0003页

作者： R.b.basavaraj G.P.Darshan b.Daruka Prasad S.C.sharma H.Nagabhushana Prof.C.N.R.Rao Centre for Advanced Materials Tumkur University Department of Physics Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies Department of Physics B M S Institute of Technology and ManagementVTU Affiliated Department of Mechanical Engineering Jain UniversityAdvisor Jain Group of Institutions

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) were the most significant identification method for individualization. Most commonly available fingerprints (FPs) in crime spot investigation were latent and patent types. Generally,LFPs were invisible and thus the effective visualization technique necessitates for the analysis of such FPs. In the past years, many traditional visualization techniques have been employed, but suffered with low resolution, sensitivity, contrast and high background noise. To overcome such limitations, we synthesized Sm^(3+) doped CaSiO_3 nanophosphors (NPs) via an ultrasound irradiation route using mimosa pudica (m. p.)leaves extract as a bio-surfactant. The morphological behavior of the prepared samples was extensively studied by varying the concentration of the m. p. extract, ultrasound irradiation duration, pH level of the precursor solution and sonication power. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra exhibit characteristic peaks at～561,601 and 647 nm, which were attributed to^5G_(5/2)→~6H_J(J=5/2,7/2 and 9/2) transitions of Sm^(3+) *** Judd-Ofelt(J-O) intensity parameters and other radiative properties were estimated using PL data. The Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates were positioned in orange-red region shows average correlated color temperature (CCT) value of～3576 K. The optimized samples can be used as a labeling agent for the visualization of LFPs on various porous and non-porous surfaces under normal light irradiation. The visualized FPs reveals well defined ridge characteristics, namely whorl, loop,arch, bifurcation, eye, island, bridge, sweat pores, etc, with high sensitivity, selectivity, low contrast and background hindrance. Aforementioned results evidence that the prepared CaSiO_3:Sm^(3+) NPs were promising luminescent materials for solid state lighting and forensic applications.

关键词： Ultrasonication,synthesis Photoluminescence Fingerprint Photometric properties Judd-Ofelt analysis Rare earths

Effect of Nutrient Management and Planting Geometry on Productivity of Hybrid Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) Cultivars

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 297-302页

作者： Ranjita bezbaruha Ravi chandra sharma Pabitra banik 不详

Field experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 2006 and 2007 at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of the Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, a part of eastern plateau region of India. The study was designed to investigate the effect of planting geometry and nutrient management practices on productivity of two hybrid rice cultivars. Split-plot design with three replications was adopted to carry out the experiment by allocating combinations of treatments of planting geometry and rice cultivar in main-plots and nutrient management treatments in sub-plots. “CNRH-3” rice proved its efficiency in terms of grain yield that was also reflected in yield attributing characters such as number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, length of panicle, panicle weight, test weight and harvest index. Higher rice grain yield was registered when the cultivars grown in 20 cm × 20 cm planting geometry. Rice cultivars grown with the application of inorganic fertilizers alone produced maximum grain yield and also recorded higher values of ancillary characters. The maximum amount of N, P and K was taken up by the “CNRH-3” rice, whereas maximum residual soil fertility was recorded in “Pro Agro 6201” rice. Maximum N, P and K uptake values were recorded in 20 cm × 20 cm crop geometry and inorganic fertilizers treatment.

关键词： Hybrid Rice Cultivars Planting Geometry Vermicompost Nutrient Uptake Soil Fertility

Seasonal changes in TC and WSOC and their ^13C isotope ratios in Northeast Asian aerosols： land surface–biosphere–atmosphere interactions

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 355-358页

作者： chandra Mouli Pavuluri Kimitaka Kawamura Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Institute of Low Temperature Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0819 Japan Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies Chubu University Kasugai 487-8501 Japan

In order to understand the relative importance of anthropogenic and biological sources of carbonaceous aerosols in Northeast Asia,we measured total carbon(TC)and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC)and their stable carbon isotope ratios(d^(13)C)in total suspended particulates collected from Sapporo,northern Japan(43.07°N,141.36°E)over a 1-year period(during 2 September 2009and 5 October 2010).Temporal variations of TC showed a gradual decrease from mid-autumn to winter followed by a gradual increase to growing season with a peak in early *** d^(13)C_(TC)and d^(13)C_(WSOC)showed very similar temporal trends with a gradual enrichment of^(13)C from mid-autumn to winter followed by a depletion in the^(13)C to early summer and thereafter it remained stable,except for few *** on the results obtained together with the air mass trajectories,we found that biogenic emissions including biological particles(e.g.,pollen)and secondary organic aerosol formation from biogenic volatile organic compounds are the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols in spring/summer whereas fungal spores from soil and biomass burning and enhanced fossil fuel combustion contribute significantly in autumn/winter and in winter,respectively,in Northeast Asia.

关键词： Carbonaceous aerosols Stable carbon isotope ratios Sources Northeast Asia

Cellulase production by Aspergillus unguis in solid state fermentation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 205-212页

作者： K.Shruthi P.Suresh Yadav b.V.Siva Prasad M.Subhosh chandra Department of Microbiology Yogi Vemana University

Lignocellulosic substrates are a good carbon source and provide rich growth media for a variety of microorganisms which prodLuce industrially important enzymes. Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes such as filter paperase (FPase), carboxymethyl cellulase(CMCase) andβ-glucosidase-responsible for release of sugars in the bioconversion of the lignocellulosic biomass into a variety of value-added products. This study examined cellulase production by a newly isolated Aspergillus unguis on individual lignocellulosic substrates in solid state fermentation (SSF). The maximum peak production of enzymes varied from one substrate to another, however,based on the next best solid support and local availability of groundnut fodder supported maximum enzyme yields compared with other solid supports used in this *** fodder supported significant production of FPase (5.9 FPU/g of substrate), CMCase (1.1 U/g of substrate) andβ-glucosidase activity (6.5 U/g of substrate) in SSF. Considerable secretion of protein (27.0 mg/g of substrate) on groundnut fodder was recorded. Constant increment of protein content in groundnut fodder due to cultivation of A. unguis is an interesting observation and it has implications for the improvement of nutritive value of groundnut fodder for cattle.

关键词： Lignocellulosic substrates Aspergillus unguis Cellulase Solid state fermentation

Genome-Wide Analysis of von Willebrand Factor A Gene Family in Rice for Its Role in Imparting biotic Stress Resistance with Emphasis on Rice blast Disease

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Rice science 2022年第4期29卷 375-384页

作者： Suhas Gorakh KARKUTE Vishesh KUMAR Mohd TASLEEM Dwijesh chandra MISHRA Krishna Kumar CHATURVEDI Anil RAI Amitha Mithra SEVANTHI Kishor GAIKWAD Tilak Raj sharma Amolkumar U.SOLANKE Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute for Plant biotechnology New Delhi 110012India ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute New Delhi 110012India ICAR-Division of Crop Science New Delhi 110001India

von Willebrand factor A(vWA)genes are well characterized in humans except for few bONZAI genes,but the vWA genes are least explored in *** the novelty and vital role of vWA genes,this study aimed at characterization of vWA superfamily in *** genome was found to have 40 vWA genes distributed across all the 12 chromosomes,and 20 of the 40 vWA genes were unique while the remaining shared large fragment similarities with each other,indicating gene *** addition to vWA domain,vWA proteins possess other different motifs or domains,such as ubiquitin interacting motif in protein degradation pathway,and RING finger in protein-protein *** analysis of vWA genes in available expression data suggested that they probably function in biotic and abiotic stress responses including hormonal response and *** frequency of transposon elements in the entire 3K rice germplasm was negligible except for 9 vWA genes,indicating the importance of these genes in *** and functional diversities showed that the vWA genes in a blast-resistant rice variety Tetep had huge variations compared to blast-susceptible rice varieties HP2216 and ***-PCR analysis of vWA genes in Magnaporthe oryzae infected rice tissues indicated OsvWA9,OsvWA36,OsvWA37 and OsvWA18 as the optimal candidate genes for disease *** is the first attempt to characterize vWA gene family in plant species.

关键词： von Willebrand factor A biotic stress abiotic stress rice blast disease Magnaporthe oryzae

Moisture dependent physical properties of Lagenaria siceraria seed

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International Journal of Agricultural and biological Engineering 2013年第4期6卷 111-120页

作者： Prashant Pandharinath Said Rama chandra Pradhan Department of Farm Engineering Institute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005India

The investigation was done to evaluate the effect of moisture content on some physical properties of Lagenaria siceraria *** study was conducted at five moisture levels including 8.84%,10.10%,11.89%,12.60%and 15.10%(w.b.).Results showed that the mean value of principal dimensions,average diameters,surface area and 1000 seed mass increased linearly but aspect ratio decreased with increase in moisture *** sphericity increased in the moisture range of 8.84%to 11.89%but decreased with further raise in the moisture up to 15.10%.Gravimetric properties like bulk density increased with increase in moisture content however true density and porosity decreased linearly with increase in moisture *** of repose and terminal velocity increased linearly with moisture content of the *** coefficient of friction increased linearly with seed moisture content on five experimental surfaces(plywood,galvanized iron,glass and plastic).The information pertaining to moisture dependant physical properties of Lagenaria siceraria seeds may become an essential part in design of processing machines and its unit operations,design of dehulling,oil expression and other processing equipments.

关键词： Lagenaria siceraria physical properties angle of repose aspect ratio gravimetric properties sphericity