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Natural Science 2013年第12期5卷 1249-1254页

作者： chacha j. mwita Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

The phylogenetic relationships among “Barbus” species (Barbus j.cksonii, B. paludinosus and B. trimaculatus) from Malagarasi and Pangani River systems were examined by partial mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt.b) gene. Sequences of the same samples from elsewhere in Africa obtained from the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB’s) collection were also included in the analysis. Molecular technique was necessary due to phenotypic plasticity and extensive overlap of morphological features among the “Barbus species”. The findings of this study revealed that B. paludinosus from hale and Pangani populations occurred in two distinct genetic lineages though separated by a distance of approximately 10 km apart. Similar results were also noted amongst the population of B. paludinosus in Songati and Muumbara located on Lake Sagara in Malagarasi River basin. B. trimaculatus and B. j.cksonii were indistinguishable such that it is envisaged that the two species are one and the same. The Barbus spp. from Africa included in the current study showed genetic affinity to neither European Barbus spp. nor South African redfins of the Pseudobarbus to conclude that the studied species of barbs are taxonomically quite different that needs further investigation to warrant renaming.

关键词： Phylogenetic Relationship Barbus Species Malagarasi and Pangani Systems Tanzania

Metazoan Parasites of Clariid Fishes, Lake Victoria: Reflection of the Original Fauna in the Lake?

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Natural Science 2014年第9期6卷 651-658页

作者： chacha j. mwita Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries University of Dar Es Salaam Dar Es Salaam Tanzania

A total of 32 parasite species were documented from 658 clariid fishes examined. Thirteen species were nematodes, eleven digeneans, three cestodes, two crustaceans, and the Monogenea, Acanthocephala and Hirudinea were each represented by one species. Of the parasites recovered 16 were identified to species level, 12 to genus and 4 parasites were not identified. Most of the parasites recorded in the present study have been reported in fish ofTanzaniaand elsewhere, however, there were a few first records, and these included Neogoezia sp., Comephoronema sp., Travnema sp., Quimperia sp. and Gendria tilapiae. It is stipulated that these parasites represent the original fauna of the lake prior to introduction of the alien species. The clariid fish species investigated were a good model for studying the parasites of fish in the lake because of having a variety of parasites some of which being specific to certain clariid fishes, for instance Diplostomum and Tylodelphys species infecting only C. gariepinus and the camallanids being typical of the clariid fishes.

关键词： Metazoan Parasites Clariid Fishes Lake Victoria Tanzania

Population Biology of the Metazoan Parasites Infecting Fishes from Lakes Uba and Ruwe, Lower Rufij. Floodplain, Tanzania

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Natural Science 2014年第10期6卷 700-708页

作者： chacha j. mwita Hieromin Lamtane Department of Animal Science Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Fisheries Science and Aquaculture University of Dar-Es-Salaam Dar-Es-Salaam Tanzania

Out of the 48 fishes examined, 40 (83.3%) were infected by 759 parasites, which comprise of trematodes, monogeneans, crustaceans and acanthocephalans. Acanthocephalans and strigeid trematodes were the maj.rity, 23 (47.9%) of all the parasites, while crustaceans, Ergasilus was the minority (20.8%). Fish with length size greater than 160 mm were infected (prevalence 100%). Strigeids showed the highest prevalence (83.3%) and mean intensity (24.7) in fish of total length 160 - 189 mm while those greater than 219 mm had the least prevalence (20%) and mean intensity (2). Acanthocephalan showed the highest prevalence (87.5%) and mean intensity (15.7) in fish of total length 190 - 219 mm and least prevalence (30.4%) and mean intensity (5.6) in those with 130 - 159 mm in total length. Generally male fish had higher prevalence (88.5%) and mean intensity (21.6) than female fish. However, statistically these were not significant (P > 0.05). A total of 9 parasite taxa were recovered;5 from Oreochromis urolepis, 4 from Citharinus congicus, 2 from Clarias gariepinus and Synodontis maculipinna. Three groups of parasites were common in Oreochromis urolepis, these include Dactylogyrus, Acanthocephala, and strigid. Ergersilus lamelifer was common in Citharinus congicus and Clarias gariepinus. Nematodes, Procamalanus laevionchus and Oxyuridae were common in Synodontis maculipinna and Citharinus congicus respectively.

关键词： Prevalence Intensity Parasites Oreochromis urolepis Rufij. Tanzania

The Serological Survey for Human Cysticercosis Prevalence in Mbulu District, Tanzania

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2012年第3期2卷 62-66页

作者： Beda j. Mwang’onde Gamba Nkwengulila mwita chacha Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Human cysticercosis, a zoonotic disease due to Taeniasolium, is of the highly debilitating and stigmatizing neglected tropical diseases due to epilepsy, ophthalmia and dermatological disorders in endemic developing countries. Tanzania is among the sub-Saharan African countries with an average prevalence of porcine cysticercosis 17.2% [1], which increases the risk of human cysticercosis infection. Studies on people with epilepsy in northern zone of Tanzania show a 16.2% [2] to be suffering from neurocysticercosis. While this was the case, there were no single report on the prevalence of human cysticercosis neither to regular hospital visitors, admissions, and nor general public that result to insufficient deployment of intervention strategies. Study was performed to assess the prevalence of human cysticercosis in general public in Mbulu district. The cephalic venous blood was collected from assorted community members. Serum was extracted and then subj.cted to Cysticercus IgG Western Blot Assay for human cysticercosis sero-screening. It was found that about 16.3% of the community members had antibodies signifying infection by human cysticercosis. This is the first ever study to assess the prevalence of human cysticercosis in the country and it has revealed the problem to be very high. This study can be valuable for deployment of appropriate intervention measures on human cysticercosis in the study area and extend to the entire country.

关键词： Human Cysticercosis Taeniasolium Mbulu-Tanzania Prevalence

西安市成年肥胖人群膳食多样化与肥胖代谢表型的关联性

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中华疾病控制杂志 2023年第1期27卷 23-28页

作者：滕雨芯景慧 Samuel Steven chacha 汪子平石国帅李珊珊刘丹朦颜虹党少农西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系西安710061

目的了解西安市成年肥胖人群的膳食多样化与肥胖代谢表型的关系。方法数据来源于西北区域自然人群队列中西安城市队列人群的基线调查,选择具有血样且反映代谢表型指标完整的肥胖人群(BMI≥28 kg/m^(2))1069例。根据代谢综合征联合国际... 详细信息

目的了解西安市成年肥胖人群的膳食多样化与肥胖代谢表型的关系。方法数据来源于西北区域自然人群队列中西安城市队列人群的基线调查,选择具有血样且反映代谢表型指标完整的肥胖人群(BMI≥28 kg/m^(2))1069例。根据代谢综合征联合国际多学会联合声明的标准定义肥胖代谢表型。参考膳食多样化得分的评价规则,结合中国居民膳食指南构建膳食多样化指标。运用logistic回归分析模型探讨膳食多样化与肥胖代谢表型关系。结果研究对象的膳食多样化存在性别差异,不同肥胖代谢表型者的膳食多样化总分差异有统计学意义。与代谢正常肥胖者相比,代谢异常者膳食多样化得分较低[(4.20±1.88)vs.(4.51±1.97),P=0.010],其畜禽肉、鱼虾、蛋、奶及奶制品的摄入较低。控制混杂因素后,与膳食多样化得分最低的肥胖者相比,得分最高者患代谢异常的风险降低38%(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.40~0.96),膳食多样化得分每增加一个单位,肥胖者的代谢异常风险降低10%(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.82~0.99),这种关联在女性和强体力活动的肥胖人群中更明显。结论膳食多样化增加与成年肥胖人群代谢异常风险减少有关联。采取多样化膳食可能是预防和控制肥胖人群代谢异常的重要营养干预措施。

关键词：膳食多样化代谢异常代谢表型肥胖

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安徽省工业技术创新能力的测度与评价

科技管理研究 2013年第17期33卷 72-75页

作者：陶爱萍宗查查合肥工业大学经济学院安徽合肥230601

从技术创新投入、技术创新产出、技术创新环境支撑三方面构建工业技术创新能力评价指标体系,利用主成分分析法对安徽省的工业技术创新能力进行测度与评价。结果显示,安徽省工业技术创新能力总体呈上升并加速提高的趋势,技术创新投入及... 详细信息

从技术创新投入、技术创新产出、技术创新环境支撑三方面构建工业技术创新能力评价指标体系,利用主成分分析法对安徽省的工业技术创新能力进行测度与评价。结果显示,安徽省工业技术创新能力总体呈上升并加速提高的趋势,技术创新投入及专利制度对安徽省工业技术创新能力的影响较大。最后根据研究结果,提出提升安徽省工业技术创新能力的对策建议。

关键词：工业技术创新能力测度评价

陕西省成年人群肌肉重量与生活质量的关联性研究

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中华流行病学杂志 2023年第6期44卷 877-884页

作者：汪子平景慧滕雨芯黄妍 Samuel chacha 刘叶舟张彬艳申远李强米白冰杨姣梅颜虹党少农西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系西安710061

目的探讨陕西省成年人群肌肉重量与生活质量的关联性。方法数据来源于2018-2019年建立的西北区域自然人群队列研究中陕西省人群队列的基线调查,通过健康调查12条简表测评研究对象的生活质量,包括身体功能总分(PCS)和心理功能总分(MCS),... 详细信息

目的探讨陕西省成年人群肌肉重量与生活质量的关联性。方法数据来源于2018-2019年建立的西北区域自然人群队列研究中陕西省人群队列的基线调查,通过健康调查12条简表测评研究对象的生活质量,包括身体功能总分(PCS)和心理功能总分(MCS),通过人体脂肪测量仪测量全身肌肉重量。采用调整混杂因素的logistic回归模型分析不同性别肌肉重量与生活质量的关系,并进行敏感性分析和亚组分析探索其稳定性,利用限制性立方样条方法探索不同性别肌肉重量与生活质量的剂量-反应关系。结果共纳入20595名研究对象,平均年龄55.0岁,33.4%为男性。在控制混杂因素之后,与Q1组相比,女性Q5组人群低PCS的风险下降20.6%(OR=0.794,95%CI:0.681~0.925),低MCS的风险下降20.1%(OR=0.799,95%CI:0.689~0.926)。与Q1组相比,男性Q2组人群低PCS的风险下降24.4%(OR=0.756,95%CI:0.644~0.888),但尚未发现男性肌肉重量与MCS存在显著关联。女性肌肉重量与PCS和MCS的关联呈现出显著的线性剂量-反应关系。结论陕西省成年人群的肌肉重量与生活质量之间呈正向关联,且女性更为突出,随着肌肉重量增加,人群身体功能和心理功能不断提高。

关键词：肌肉重量生活质量身体功能总分心理功能总分

基于西安城市自然人群的甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数与系统免疫炎症指数的关联研究

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中华流行病学杂志 2023年第11期44卷 1762-1768页

作者：黄妍汪子平景慧滕雨芯 Samuel chacha 刘叶舟张彬艳申远李强米白冰杨姣梅颜虹党少农西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系西安710061

目的探索甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数(TyG)与机体炎症之间的关系。方法数据来自2018-2019年建立的中国西北区域自然人群队列中西安城市人群队列基线调查,根据TG和FPG构建反映机体胰岛素抵抗(IR)的TyG及TyG-BMI,以中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、血... 详细信息

目的探索甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数(TyG)与机体炎症之间的关系。方法数据来自2018-2019年建立的中国西北区域自然人群队列中西安城市人群队列基线调查,根据TG和FPG构建反映机体胰岛素抵抗(IR)的TyG及TyG-BMI,以中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、血小板计数构建反映机体炎症的系统免疫炎症指数(SII),采用logistic回归模型探索TyG与SII之间的关系。结果共有11491名研究对象纳入分析,调整协变量后,TyG每增加1个单位,高SII的风险增加21%(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.12~1.30),TyG处于Q4组人群高SII的风险是Q1组的1.34倍(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.18~1.52)。敏感性分析和亚组分析进一步证实TyG与SII关联稳定。在BMI位于18.5~23.9 kg/m^(2)的人群中,TyG作为连续变量时每增加1个单位,高SII的风险增加31%(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.18~1.45),作为分类变量时Q4组高SII的风险是Q1组的1.52倍(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.27~1.83);在BMI位于24.0~27.9 kg/m^(2)的人群中,TyG作为连续变量时每增加1个单位,高SII的风险增加20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.07~1.35),作为分类变量时无统计学关联。结论IR水平升高与机体炎症的发展密切相关,BMI可能调节了两者之间的关系。在超重或肥胖前早期预防IR水平升高对于机体炎症的控制可能具有积极作用。

关键词：甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数系统免疫炎症指数胰岛素抵抗炎症肥胖