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Improved GaN grown on Si(111) substrate using ammonia flow modulation on SiN_x mask layer by MOCVD

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2009年第9期52卷 2758-2761页

作者： ng KaiWei lau KeiMay Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water BayKowloon Hong Kong China

In this paper,1 μm n-GaN was grown by using varied and fixed ammonia flow (NH3) on SiNx mask layer on Si(111) substrate using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In-situ optical reflectivity traces of GaN growth show that the three-to two-dimensional process has been prolonged by using varied ammonia flow on SiNx mask layer method compared with that grown by fixing ammonia flow. Structural and optical properties were characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and photolu-minescence,and compared with the sample grown by fixing ammonia flow,GaN grown using the varied ammonia flow on SiNx mask layer showed better structure and optical quality. It was assumed that the low NH3 flow in the initial growth stage considerably increased the GaN island density on the nano-porous SiNx layer by enhancing vertical growth. Lateral growth was significantly favored by high NH3 flow in the subsequent step. As a result,the improved crystal and optical quality was achieved utilizing NH3 flow modulation for GaN buffer growth on Si(111) substrate.

关键词： GaN epilayer MOCVD NH3 modulation

New tricyanoiron(Ⅲ) building blocks for the construction of molecule-based magnets

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Science china chemistry 2010年第10期53卷 2106-2111页

作者： lau Pui-Ha WOng Wing-Tak lau tai-chu Department of Biology and chemistry City University of Hong Kong Department of chemistry The University of Hong Kong

A series of tricyanoiron(Ⅲ) complexes with the general formula mer-[FeⅢ(5-Xsap)(CN)3]2-(X = H, Me, MeO, Cl or Br, sapH2 = N-salicylidene-o-aminophenol) have been synthesized. These complexes were characterized by IR, ESI-MS, UV/Vis, elemental analysis and magnetic measurements. The structures of (PPh4)2[FeⅢ(sap)(CN)3] and (PPh4)2[FeⅢ(5-Mesap)(CN)3] have been determined by X-ray crystallography. These low-spin d5 tricyanoiron(Ⅲ) complexes are potential building blocks for the construction of molecule-based magnets.

关键词： cyano iron Schiff base building block molecule-based magnet

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy： the current role and development

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第1期16卷 17-26页

作者： Wan Yee lau Eric ch Lai Stephanie HY lau Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Department of Surgery Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China

BACKGROUND： Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy （ALPPS） has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy and reduce posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with insufficient future liver remnant （FLR）. ALPPS is still considered to be in an early developmental phase because surgical indications and techniques have not been standardized. This article aimed to review the current role and future developments of ALPPS. DATA SOURCES： Studies were identified by search.ng MED- LINE and PubMed for articles from January 2007 to October 2016 using the keywords ＂associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy＂ and ＂ALPPS＂ Addi- tional papers were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS： ALPPS induces more hypertrophy of the FLR in less time than portal vein embolization or portal vein ligation. The benefits of ALPPS include rapid hypertrophy 47%-110% of the liver over a median of 6-16.4 days, and 95%-100% com- pletion rate of the second stage of ALPPS. The main criticisms of ALPPS are centered on its high morbidity and mortality rates. Morbidity rates after ALPPS have been reported to be 15.3%-100%, with ≥ the Clavien-Dindo grade III morbidity of 13.6%-44%. Mortality rates have been reported to be 0%-29%. The important questions to ask even if oncologic long-term results are acceptable are： whether the gain in quality and quantity of life can be off balance by the substantial risks of morbidity and mortality, and whether stimulation of rapid liver hypertrophy also accelerates rapid tumor progression and spread. Up till now, the documentations of the ALPPS procedure come mainly from case series, and most of these series include heterogeneous groups of malignancies. The numbers are also too small to separately evaluate survival for different tumor etiologies. CONCLUSIONS： Currently, knowledge on ALPPS is limited, and prospective randomized studies are lacking. From th

关键词： associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy portal vein embolization laparoscopy colorectal liver metastases hepatocellular carcinoma

Modifications of ALPPS–from complex to more complex or from complex to less complex operations

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第4期16卷 346-352页

作者： Wan Yee lau Eric ch Lai Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina Department of Surgery Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong Kong SARChina

BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy to reduce the chance of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with borderline or insufficient future liver remnant. ALPPS is still in an early developmental stage and its techniques have not been standardized. This study aimed to review the technical modifications of the conventional ALPPS procedure. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by search.ng MEDLINE and PubMed for articles published from January 2007 to December 2016 using the keywords 'associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy' and 'ALPPS'. Additional articles were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS: There have been a lot of modifications of the conventional ALPPS. These are classified as: (1) modifications aiming to improve surgical results; (2) modifications aiming to expand surgical indications; (3) salvage ALPPS; (4) ALPPS using the minimally invasive approach. Some of these modifications have made the conventional ALPPS procedure to become even more complex, although there have also been other attempts to make the procedure less complex. The results of most of these modifications have been reported in small case series or case reports. We need better well-designed studies to establish the true roles of these modifications. However, it is interesting to see how this conventional ALPPS procedure has evolved since its introduction. CONCLUSIONS: There is a trend for the use of minimally invasive procedure in the phase 1 or 2 of the conventional ALPPS procedure. Some of these modifications have expanded the use of ALPPS in patients who have been considered to have unresectable liver tumors. The long-term oncological outcomes of these modifications are still unknown.

关键词： associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for stage hepatectomy hepatocellular carcinoma hepatectomy liver metastasis portal vein embolization

Bile acids,gut microbiota,and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 144-162页

作者： Yang Song Harry ch lau Xiang Zhang Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver *** interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and *** normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and *** gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal *** note,dysbiotic ch.nges in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to HCC ***,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying *** this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in ***,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered *** summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.

关键词： Bile acid gut microbiota hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics microbiota modulation

Hemodynamics and oxygen transport dynamics during hepatic resection at different central venous pressures in a pig model

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第5期10卷 516-520页

作者： Wan-Yee lau Eric ch Lai Department of Hepatic and Biliary Surgery First Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University Faculty of Medicine the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hongkong SAR China

BACKGROUND: Although low central venous pressure (CVP) has been used to minimize blood loss during hepatectomy the impact of variations of CVP on the rate of blood loss and on the perfusion of end-organs has not been evaluated This animal study aimed to evaluate the hemodynamics and oxygen transport ch.nges during hepatic resection at different CVP levels. METHODS: Forty-eight anesthetized Bama miniature pigs were divided into 8 groups with CVP during hepatic resection controlled at 0 to ng hepatic resection were almost linearly related to the CVP. A significant drop in the mean arterial pressure cardiac output, and cardiac index occurred between CVP ≥2 and <2 cmH 2 O. Oxygen delivery (DO 2 ), oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and oxygen extraction ratio (ERO 2 ) remained relatively constant between CVPs of 2 to <8 cmH 2 O. There was a significant drop in DO 2 when the CVP was <2 cmH 2 O. There was also a significant drop in VO 2 and ExO 2 when the CVP was <1 cmH 2 ***: The optimal CVP for hepatic resection is 2to 3 cmH2O.

关键词： hepatectomy hemorrhage central venous pressure tissue oxygenation hemodynamics

On the first negative Hecke eigenvalue of an automorphic representation of GL_(2)(A_(Q))

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Science china Mathematics 2021年第11期64卷 2381-2394页

作者： Yuk-Kam lau Ming Ho ng Hengcai Tang Yingnan Wang Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institute of Modern Mathematics School of Mathematics and StatisticsHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Machine Learning and Applications College of Mathematics and StatisticsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Letπbe a self-dual irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation of GL_(2)(A_(Q))with trivial central *** Hecke eigenvalue λπ(n)is a real multiplicative function in *** show that λπ(n)<0 for some n< 详细信息

关键词： automorphic representation Hecke eigenvalue Maass cusp form sign ch.nge

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Risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in chinese undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention treated with potent P2Y12 inhibitor versus clopidogrel

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 310-318,I0015-I0019页

作者： Andrew Kei-Yan ng Pauline Yeung ng April Ip Kui Kai lau ch.ng-Wah Siu Cardiac Medical Unit Grantham HospitalHong KongHong Kong Department of Adult Intensive Care Queen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong

Background Stroke after acute coronary syndrome(ACS)can be *** is uncertain whether the risks of ischaemic stroke or intracranial haemorrhage(Ich)are associated with different choices of P2Y12 inhibitors(potent P2Y12 inhibitors such as ticagrelor and prasugrel vs clopidogrel).Even though East Asians are known to have different thrombotic and haemorrhagic profiles from Caucasians,data on chinese patients are *** This was a retrospective cohort study conducting in chinese patients with ACS who underwent first-ever percutaneous coronary intervention from 14 hospitals in Hong Kong between 2010 and *** primary efficacy endpoint was ischaemic *** secondary efficacy endpoint was a composite outcome of thrombotic events including all-cause mortality,non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischaemic *** primary safety endpoint was *** secondary safety endpoint was a composite of major bleeding *** After adjustment of baseline characteristics by 1:1 propensity score match.ng,a total of 6220 patients(3110 on each group)were *** with clopidogrel,potent P2Y12 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke(HR 0.57;95%CI 0.37 to 0.87;p=0.008)and a lower risk of thrombotic events(HR 0.77;95%CI 0.66 to 0.90;p=0.001).Potent P2Y12 inhibitor was associated with similar risk of Ich(HR 0.65;95%CI 0.34 to 1.25,p=0.20)and major bleeding(HR 0.83;95%CI 0.68 to 1.01,p=0.069).Conclusions Potent P2Y12 inhibitors were associated with a lower adjusted risk of ischaemic stroke and thrombotic events,compared with *** risks of Ich and major bleeding were similar.

关键词： P2Y12 coronary haemorrhagic

System Dynamic Modelling of Patient Flow and Transferral Problem in a Mixed Public-Private Healthcare System:A Case Study of Hong Kong SAR

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第5期29卷 590-608页

作者： C.K.M.LEE W.C.tai Kam K.H.ng Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hon g Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HornHong Kong SARChina School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

The current healthcare system in Hong Kong is experiencing pressure due to constrained resources,with dramatic increases in inpatient services queue lengths,dissatisfaction with the working environment,unacceptable workforce arrangements and high turnover rate of hospital *** maintain the robustness of the healthcare system and a sustainable inpatients flow,the Food and Health Bureau launched a public-private partnership programme to utilise the resources of the public and private *** research investigates the potential for extension of the programme and further enhancing the sustainability of the long-term inpatient services under a mixed public-private healthcare policy via system dynamic *** findings show that an increase of human resources in public hospitals does not substantially improve inpatient flow rate ***,the results from the system dynamic approach provide insights into the expansion of the service areas of the programme and suggest increasing the number of referrals to private hospitals.

关键词： System dynamic models scenario analysis inpatient transferral mixed public-private healthcare system