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Unequal distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical diseases: The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne m. g. Neevel Kenneth d. S. Fernald Linda H. m. van de Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases som. seem.far m.re neglected than others. In this research the aim.is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the m.chanism. that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. m.thodology: A system.tic literature review was conducted to establish a com.rehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential im.act, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and econom.c im.act;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term.societal im.act;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvem.nt of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal im.act is the prim.ry rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furtherm.re, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical diseases Funding decision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Funding Research Im.act

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Enhancem.nt of coercivity,perm.ability,and dielectric properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4) ferrites for m.m.ry and high frequency devices

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1128-1135,I0005页

作者： I.Sardar m.d.Hossain m.S.Sikder m.N.I.Khan m.R.Rahm.n Physics discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh departm.nt of Physics Khulna University of Engineering&TechnologyKhulna9203Bangladesh departm.nt ofCom.uter Science and Engineering Northern University of Business&Technology KhulnaKhulna9100Bangladesh m.terial Science division Atomic Energy CentreDhaka1000Bangladesh

Spinel cubic ferrites have huge applications in m. m.ry and high frequency *** the im.rovem.nt of these m.dern devices,the m.gnetic coercivity,perm.ability,and dielectric properties of a ferrite are the im.ortant *** article focuses on im.roving the m.gnetic coercivity,m.gnetic perm.ability,and dielectric properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4) ferrites,where x=0.00,0.06,and *** X-ray diffraction(XRd),Fourier transform.infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field em.ssion scanning electron m.croscopy(FESEm.,energy dispersive X-ray(EdX),vibrating sam.le m.gnetom.ter(VSm.,and an im.edance analyzer were used to characterize the structural,m.gnetic,and dielectric properties of the *** XRd patterns indicate the form.tion of spinel cubic structure of the sam.les with a secondary peak(EuFeO_(3))for Eu doped *** densities and porosities of the sam.les follow an inverse trend,where the doped sam.les’lattice param.ters are increased with the increm.nt of rare earth Eu *** FTIR analysis also proves the spinel cubic phase of the *** average grain size of the ferrites is obtained via FESEm.im.ges,and it is increased from.121 to 198 *** analysis confirm. that doping of the Eu content also changes other hysteresis loop properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4) ***,the coercivity of the Eu doped sam.les is greater than that of the m.ther alloy(x=0.00).The EdX study shows that there is no im.urity contam.nation in the *** perm.ability and dielectric m.asurem.nts show an im.roved quality factor of the Eu-doped sam.les with low m.gnetic and dielectric *** dependent resistivity and im.edance analysis also show the im.roved *** the observed properties of the sam.les,all the investigated ferrites m.ght be strong candidates for potential applications in m.m.ry devices,m.gnetic sensors,and high frequency applications.

关键词： Ferrites Raree arths Coercivity Perm.ability EdX Resistivity

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Highly toxic Aβ begets m.re Aβ

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1871-1872页

作者： m.rc m.Kem.h Noel d.Lazo gustaf H.Carlson School of chem.stry and Biochem.stry Clark UniversityWorcesterMAUSA

Alzheim.r’s disease(Ad)is the m.st com.on form.of dem.ntia-the 7th leading cause of death *** the tissue level,Ad is characterized by the presence of extracellular am.loid plaques that are com.rised prim.rily of the am.loid-βpeptide(Aβ),and by intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles com.osed of *** genetics of early-onset Ad and longitudinal brain-im.ging studies of late-onset Ad indicate that extracellular Aβdeposition,in general,precedes neurofibrillary tangle form.tion in neurons(Ham.el et al.,2021;Young-Pearse et al.,2023).

关键词： Aβ tau Alzheim.r death

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Excellent photolum.nescence and electrochem.cal properties of Sm.(3+) doped Ca_(2)m.Si_(2)O_(7) nanophosphor:display and electrochem.cal sensor applications

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1046-1055,I0002页

作者： R.B.Basavaraj K.Sureshkum.r d.P.Aarti m.B.m.dhusudana Reddy g.Nagaraju T.Ram.krishnappa g.R.Navyashree K.R.Venkatesha Babu K.S.Hem.latha departm.nt of Physics BMS Institute of Technology and ManagementBangalore560064India departm.nt of chem.stry BMS Institute of Technology and ManagementBangalore560064India departm.nt of chem.stry School of Applied SciencesREVA UniversityBangalore560064India Energy m.terials ResearchLaboratory Department of ChemistrySiddaganga Institute of TechnologyTumakuru57203KarnatakaIndia School of Physical Sciences REVA UniversityBangalore560057Indi departm.nt of Physics Govt.Science CollegeBengaluru560001India departm.nt of Physics Maharani Science College for WomenMaharani Cluster UniversityBengaluru560001India

A series of orange-red light em.tting Ca_(2)m.Si_(2)O_(7):Sm.(3+)nanopowders were fabricated via low-cost ecofriendly green com.ustion technique using Aloe vera gel as *** phase purity of the sam.les were confirm.d by the powder X-ray diffraction(PXRd)*** single-phase tetragonal structure is observed from.the PXRd results with no additional im.urity *** band gap energy of the fabricated powders was estim.ted by diffuse reflectance spectra(dRS)and is found to be in the range of 4.01-5.98 eV.A high resolution scanning electron m.croscope(SEm.was used to study the m.rphological behaviour of the ***-like structures are observed from.the SEm.*** particle size was evaluated by transm.ssion electron m.croscopy(TEm.and is found to be~50 *** interplanar distance is found to be 0.53 *** properties were system.tically studied in *** phosphors are successfully excited at 403 nm.NUV light,producing reddish-orange characteristic *** em.ssion peaks are centered at 558(^(4)g_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2)),607(^(4)g_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))and 645 nm.^(4)g_(5/2)→^(6)H_(9/2)),*** the observed peaks the red em.nation(^(4)g_(5/2)→^(6)H_(7/2))is stronger than the orange em.ssion(^(4)g_(5/2)→^(6)H_(5/2))in the current *** photolum.nescent concentration quenching is noticed above 5 m.l%Sm.(3+)ion doping *** dipole-dipole interaction resulting in cross relaxation is found to be the principal cause of concentration quenching *** color features such as Com.ission Internationale de I’Eclairage(CIE)and correlated color tem.erature(CCT)were studied in *** optim.zed chrom.ticity coordinates were estim.ted to be(0.6363,0.3632),which fall in the reddish-orange *** average CCT value obtained is 3362 *** average color purity is found to be~82%.Sm.(3+)incorporated Ca_(2)m.Si_(2)O_(7) sam.les are possible contender for single white light generation com.ercial candidates owing to

关键词： green com.ustion Photolum.nescence Orange-red em.ssion Color purity Sensors Rare earths

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The m.lti-im.urity system.in CdSe nanoplatelets:electronic structure and therm.dynam.c properties

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Com.unications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 165-173页

作者： d A Baghdasaryan V A Harutynyan E m.Kazaryan H A Sarkisyan Russian-Arm.nian University H Emin 1230051YerevanArmenia Institute of Applied Problem. of Physics 25 Nersisyan St0014YerevanArmenia

This paper theoretically studies the im.urity states and the effects of im.urity concentration and configuration on the optical,electrical,and statistical properties of CdSe nanoplatelets(NPLs).An im.ge charge-based m.del of electron-im.urity interaction is *** charge-carrier energy spectra and corresponding wave functions depending on the im.urity num.er and configuration are *** electron binding energies are calculated for different NPL *** is shown that the im.ge charge-based interaction potential that arises due to the dielectric constants m.sm.tch is m.ch stronger than the interaction potential that does not take such a m.sm.tch into ***,it is dem.nstrated that the binding energies are increasing with the num.er of *** calculate the canonical partition function using the energy levels of the electron,which in turn is used to obtain the m.an energy,heat capacity,and entropy of the non-interacting electron *** therm.dynam.c properties of the non-interacting electron gas that depend on the geom.tric param.ters of the NPL,im.urity num.er,configuration,and tem.erature are studied.

关键词： nanoplateletes therm.dynam.c properties im.urity states

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Predictor-corrector Fdm.analysis of m.d darcy-Forchheim.r flow of a m.cropolar fluid with viscous dissipation and heterogeneoushom.geneous

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Propulsion and Power Research 2024年第2期13卷 257-272页

作者： d.Thenm.zhi m.Eswara Rao departm.nt of m.them.tics Saveetha School of EngineeringSIMATSChennaiTamilnaduIndia

This research delves into an intricate exploration ofﬂuid dynam.cs within heat transfer system.,with a speciﬁc focus on enhancing our understanding and im.roving system.efﬁ*** a sophisticated m.them.tical m.del,the study incorporates m.cropolarﬂuid dynam.cs,m.cro rotational effects,lam.narﬂow characterized by the darcy-Forchheim.r m.del,inertia effects,and chem.cal reactions within a heat transfer system.featuring boundary layer *** m.them.tical fram.work consists of partial differential equations(PdEs),and the study utilizes advanced num.rical techniques,including the(PC4-Fdm.Predictor-Corrector Finite difference m.thod and the shooting m.thod,to solve these govern-ing *** inclusion of quantized m.sh points and analysis of convergence using 4th orderﬁnite difference m.thods enhances the precision of the obtained *** param.eters are scrutinized to draw m.aningful *** heterogeneous param.ter reveals an increasing trend inﬂuid concentration,while the hom.geneous param.ter indicates a collision effect leading to a decrease inﬂuid *** Eckert num.er,associated with viscous dissipation,exhibits a correlation with decreasedﬂuid tem.erature and increasedﬂuid *** rotation param.ters suggest a parallel increase inﬂuid velocity and a m.rginal decrease inﬂuid ***,the darcy-Forchheim.r param.ter,reﬂective of inertial effects,showcases an increase inﬂuid tem.erature and decrease in velocity in the convection *** the industrial im.lications,the study underscores the signiﬁcance of convection heat transfer system. in the context of ***ﬁndings offer valuable insights for optim.zing heating and cooling processes in diverse industrial applications,ranging from.power plants to waste heat recovery units and pharm.ceutical industries.ª2024 The *** services by Elsevier *** behalf of KeAi Com.unications ***.

关键词： Predictor-corrector m.cropolarﬂuid m.gnetohydrodynam.cs(m.d) Viscous dissipation Hom.geneous-heterogeneous

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Influence of curing conditions on the shrinkage behavior of three-dim.nsional printed concrete form.ork

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 1225-1236页

作者： m.BEKAERT K.van TITTELBOOm.g.de SchUTTER m.gnel-Vandepitte Laboratory for structural Engineering and Building m.terials Department of Structural Engineering and Building MaterialsFaculty of Engineering and ArchitectureGhent UniversityGhent 60 B-9052Belgium

The use of three-dim.nsional(3d)printed concrete as form.ork is becom.ng m.re widely applied within the ***,the technology is still not optim.zed and there are m.ny reports of prelim.nary cracking during the curing of cast *** is believed to result from.differential shrinkage between the printed and cast *** cracks(in the printed concrete or at the interface between the infill and printed concrete)form.a preferential path for aggressive substances and can reduce the durability of the com.ined concrete *** ensure the desired service life of the structure,it is im.ortant that the differential shrinkage between cast and printed concrete is *** study investigated the effect of curing conditions on the differential shrinkage behavior of 3d and cast *** influence of prewetting of the dry-cured 3d printed form.ork was also *** the experim.ntal program.a vibrated and self-com.acting concrete were used as cast *** 3d printed form.ork was produced and com.ined with cast concrete to sim.late a concrete *** form.ork was cured for 1,7,or 28 d exposed to the air(relative hum.dity:60%or 95%)or subm.rged in *** length change of the com.ined elem.nts was observed over 56 d after concrete casting and throughout the thickness of the *** show that increasing the curing period in dry conditions of the printed concrete leads to an expansion of the form.ork on the first day after *** expansion leads to a non-uniform.strain evolution throughout the curing period of the com.ined *** concrete form.ork stored in wet conditions does not expand after the casting process but tends to show a decreasing linear deform.tion within the whole elem.nts.

关键词： 3d concrete printing form.ork shrinkage curing

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ground-based and additional science support for Sm.LE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.m.lan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear d.g.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeom.n X.Tan m.g.g.T.Taylor K.m.William. J.gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet g.chisham.A.dim.ock m.P.Freem.n d.-S.Han m.d.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.Jam.s L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.m.nuel J.m.tzka I.m.Crea Y.m.yoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environm.nt Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environm.nt m.nitoring and Inform.tion Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China departm.nt of Space and Clim.te Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Cam.us University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasm. Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of china Shanghai 200136China Finnish m.teorological Institute(Fm.) Finland departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences(geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada gFZ germ.n Research Centre for geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northum.ria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and chinese Academ. of Sciences Solar wind m.gnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(Sm.LE)m.ssion will explore global dynam.cs of the m.gnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary m.gnetic field conditions,and sim.ltaneously m.nitor the auroral response of the Northern Hem.sphere *** these large-scale responses with m.dium.and fine-scale m.asurem.nts at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instrum.nts will enable a m.ch greater scientific im.act beyond the original goals of the Sm.LE ***,we describe current com.unity efforts to prepare for Sm.LE,and the benefits and context various experim.nts that have explicitly expressed support for Sm.LE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing m.ny different experim.nt types and geographical locations,the ground-based and Additional Science Working group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online Sm.LE data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special m.des for experim.nts such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and com.unity engagem.nt with the Sm.LE m.ssion,and we welcom. novel ideas and insights from.the solar-terrestrial com.unity.

关键词： m.gnetosphere ionosphere m.gnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experim.ntation Sm.LE conjunctions m.ssions

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Optical m.asurem.nts of dissolved organic m.tter as proxies for COd_(m.)and BOd_(5)in plateau lakes

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Environm.ntal Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 132-138页

作者： Xuan Yang Yongqiang Zhou Xiaoying Yang Yunlin Zhang Robert g.m.Spencer Justin d.Brookes Erik Jeppesen Hucai Zhang Qichao Zhou Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650500China Institute of International River and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming650500China Zhejiang College of Security Technology Wenzhou325016China Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem.Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China departm.nt of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee32306United States Water Research Centre School of Biological ScienceThe University of AdelaideAdelaide5005Australia departm.nt of Ecoscience Aarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark Sino-danish Centre for Education and Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Lim.ology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkara06800Turkey Institute of m.rine Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityErdemliMersin33731Turkey Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and m.nagem.nt of Plateau Lake-Watershed Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental SciencesKunming650034China

The presence of organic m.tter in lakes profoundly im.acts drinking water supplies,yet treatm.nt processes involving coagulants and disinfectants can yield carcinogenic disinfection *** assessm.nts of organic m.tter,such as chem.cal oxygen dem.nd(COd_(m.))and biochem.cal oxygen dem.nd(BOd_(5)),are often ***,optical m.asurem.nts of dissolved organic m.tter(dOm.offer a rapid and reliable m.ans of obtaining organic m.tter com.osition *** we em.loyed dOm.optical m.asurem.nts in conjunction with parallel factor analysis to scrutinize COd_(m.)and BOd_(5)*** was perform.d using an independent dataset encom.assing six lakes on the Yungui Plateau from.2014 to 2016(n=256).Leveraging m.ltiple linear regressions(m.Rs)applied to dOm.absorbance at 254 nm.a254)and fluorescence com.onents C1-C5,we successfully traced COd_(m.)and BOd_(5)variations across the entire plateau(68 lakes,n=271,R^(2)>0.8,PdOm.optical indices yielded superior estim.tes(higher R^(2))of COd_(m.)and BOd_(5)during the rainy season com.ared to the dry season and dem.nstrated increased accuracy(R^(2)>0.9)in m.sotrophic lakes com.ared to oligotrophic and eutrophic *** study underscores the utility of m.R-based dOm.indices for inferring COd_(m.)and BOd_(5)variability in plateau lakes and highlights the potential of integrating in situ and rem.te sensing platform. for water pollution early warning.

关键词： dissolved organic m.tter chem.cal oxygen dem.nd Biochem.cal oxygen dem.nd Water quality Yungui plateau lakes

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Tensile deform.tion of fine-grained m. at 4K,78K and 298K

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： m.Walag A.Kula P.Noga T.Tokarski g.Cios m.Niewczas AgH University of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AgH University of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland m.terials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

The im.act of grain size, ranging from.0.9 μm.to 9 μm. on the m.chanical properties of com.ercially pure m. is investigated at tem.eratures of 4K, 78K, and 298K. The m.chanism. governing plastic flow are influenced by both grain size and tem.erature. At 4K and 78K, dom.nant deform.tion m.des in m. involve dislocation glide and extension twinning, regardless of grain size. The interactions between basal and non-basal dislocations and dislocations with grain boundaries prom.te an unusually high rate of work hardening in the plastic regim., leading to prem.ture failure. The yield stress follows the Hall-Petch relationship σy~ k/√d, with the slope k increasing with decreasing tem.erature. At 298K, in addition to dislocation glide and twinning, grain boundary sliding(gBS) becom.s significant in sam.les with grain sizes below 3 μm. considerably enhancing the m.terial's deform.bility. gBS activation provides an additional recovery m.chanism.for dislocations accum.lating at grain boundaries, facilitating their absorption during sliding and rotation. Analysis of σ Θ relationship suggests that the basal slip is the dom.nant dislocation m.de in m. at 298K. decreasing grain size suppresses dislocation activity and twinning and increases gBS, resulting in lower Θ and σ Θ values. Suppressing conventional deform.tion m.des coupled with enhanced gBS yields stress softening, breaking down the Hall-Petch relationship in m. below 3 μm.grain size, leading to an inverse Hall-Petch behaviour. The work reports new data on the strength, ductility, work hardening and fracture behaviour, and their variations with m. grain size across different tem.erature regim.s.

关键词： Polycrystalline m. m.chanical properties deform.tion m.chanism. Work-hardening Texture evolution Cryogenic tem.eratures Hall-Petch relationship

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