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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Use in Parts of the ch.ndauli-Varanasi Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第7期7卷 572-587页

作者： Shubhra Singh N. Janardhana Raju ch. ramakrishna Sch.ol of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India Department of Environmental Studies GITAM University Visakhapatnam India

The present study focused on the hydroch.mistry of groundwater in parts of ch.ndauli-Varanasi region to assess the quality of groundwater for determining its suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Urbanization and agriculture activities have a lot of impacts on the groundwater quality of the study area. A total of 70 ground water samples were collected randomly from different sources viz. hand pump, dug wells and bore wells, and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of Na > Ca > Mg > K and HCO3 > Cl > SO4 > NO3 > F. The Piper classification for hydrogeoch.mical facies indicates that alkaline earth exceeds alkalis and weak acids exceed strong acid. Water quality index rating was calculated to quantify overall water quality for human consumption. Out of 70 groundwater samples, 7% and 10% samples exhibit water unsuitable for drinking purposes in pre- and post-monsoon, respectively, due to effective leach.ng of ions, direct disch.rge of domestic effluents and agricultural activities. Residual sodium carbonate values revealed that 6% sample is not suitable for irrigation purposes in both the seasons due to low permeability of the soil. The calculated values of PI indicate that the water for irrigation uses is excellent to good quality in both seasons. As per Wilcox’s diagram and US salinity laboratory classification, most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation except one sample which.is unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The overall quality of groundwater in post-monsoon season in all ch.mical constituents is on the higher side due to dissolution of surface pollutants during the infiltration and percolation of rainwater at few places due to agricultural and domestic activities.

关键词： Groundwater Quality Hydrogeoch.mical Facies Drinking Water Irrigation Water

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Efficacy of low dose peginterferon alpha-2b with ribavirin on ch.onic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5554-5556页

作者： Rajesh Gupta ch.ramakrishna Sandeep Lakhtakia Manu Tandan Rupa Banerjee D Nageshwar Reddy Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Asian Institute of Gas-troenterology Somajiguda 63661 Hyderabad India

AIM: To assess the effi cacy of peginterferon alpha 2b at doses of 50 μg weekly and 80 μg weekly (based on body weight) plus ribavirin in HCV genotype 2 and genotype 3 ch.onic hepatitis C patients. METHODS: During the study period of Jan 2002 to Dec 2003, all patients diagnosed as ch.onic hepatitis C or HCV related compensated cirrhosis were treated with peginterferon alpha 2b 50 μg S/C weekly (body weight 60 kg) plus ribavirin 800 mg/d for 24 wk. RESULTS: Overall 28 patients, 14 patients in each.group (based on body weight) were treated during the period. Out of 28 patients, 75% were genotype 3, 18% were genotype 2 and 7% were genotype 1. The mean dose of peginterferon alpha 2b was 0.91 μg/kg in group 1 and 1.23 μg/kg in group 2 respectively. The end of treatment and sustained virologic response rates were 82% and 78% respectively. Serious adverse effects were seen in 3.5% patients. CONCLUSION: Low dose peginterferon alpha 2b in combination with ribavirin for 24 wk is effective in HCV genotype 2 and 3 ch.onic hepatitis C patients.

关键词：唑核苷病毒唑抗病毒药慢性丙型肝炎

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Effects of nanotopography on stem cell phenotypes

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2009年第1期1卷 55-66页

作者： Rajeswari Ravich.ndran Clarisse ch.Ng Casey K ch.n Mich.el Raghunath Seeram ramakrishna Division of Bioengineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Department of Mech.nical Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Nanoscience and Nanotech.ology Initiative National University of Singapore2 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of DentistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119074 Singapore Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119074Singapore Department of Bioch.mistry Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine8 Medical DriveNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self renew indefinitely and differentiate into several somatic cells given the correct environmental *** the stem cell nich.,stem cell-extracellular matrix(ECM)interactions are crucial for different cellular functions,such.as adhesion,proliferation,and ***, in addition to ch.mical surface modifications,the importance of nanometric scale surface topography and roughness of biomaterials has increasingly becoming recognized as a crucial factor for cell survival and host tissue acceptance in synthetic *** review describes the influence of nanotopography on stem cell phenotypes.

关键词： Stem cells Nanofibers Nanotopography Biomaterials Extracellular matrix Differentiation

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