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A Perceptual Approach to Reduce Musical Noise Using Critical Bands Tonality Coefficients and Masking Thresholds

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2009年第8期2卷 742-745页

作者： ch. v. rama rao M. B. rama Murthy K. Srinivasa rao 不详

Traditional noise reduction techniques have the drawback of generating an annoying musical noise. A new scheme for speech enhancement in high noise environment is developed by considering human auditory system masking characteristics. The new scheme considers the masking threshold of both noisy speech and the denoised one, to detect musical noise components. To make them inaudible, they are set under the noise masking threshold. The improved signal is subjected to extensive subjective and objective tests. It is ob-served that the musical noise is appreciably reduced even at very low signal to noise ratios.

关键词： Noise Reduction Musical Noise Masking Threshold

ETP-AKEP: enhanced three-party authenticated key exchange protocols for data integrity in cloud environments

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Journal of Control and Decision 2023年第1期10卷 126-133页

作者： Kalluri rama Krishna C.v.Guru rao Faculty of Informatics Osmania UniversityHyderabadIndia School of Computer Science&Artificial Intelligence S.R.UniversityWarangalIndia

With key exchange protocols, a secure session key is generated between two remote users, andservers and exchanged between them. It is generally used to prevent unauthorised users fromgaining access to sensitive data. This article presents an enhanced three-party authenticated keyexchange protocols (ETP-AKE) protocol that does not depend on symmetric key encryption andinstead uses asymmetric key encryption. A key component of the proposed ETP-AKE protocol isusing elliptic curve encryption in conjunction with a one-way hash function. Its integrity certificationwas confirmed via the usage of the AvISPA tool package. Our proposed protocol is intendedto protect against various security threats, including the man-in-the-middle assault, the parallelattack, and the key-compromise attack, among others.

关键词： ECC hash function cloud integrity third party key exchange

Implications for the lithospheric structure of Cambay rift zone,western India:Inferences from a magnetotelluric study

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1743-1754页

作者： Nagarjuna Danda C.K.rao Amit Kumar P.rama rao P.B.v.Subba rao Dr.K.S.Krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory IIGAllahabad221505India Indian Institute of Geomagnetism New PanvelNavi Mumbai410218India Department of Geophysics Andhra UniversityVisakhapatnam530003India

Broad-band and long-period magnetotelluric(MT)data were acquired along an east-west trending traverse of nearly 200 km across the Kachchh,Cambay rift basins,and Aravalli-Delhi fold belt(ADFB),western *** regional strike analysis of MT data indicated an approximate N59°E geoelectric strike direction under the traverse and it is in fair agreement with the predominant geological strike in the study *** decomposed transverse electric(TE)-and transverse magnetic(TM)-data modes were inverted using a nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm to image the electrical lithospheric structure across the Cambay rift basin and its surrounding *** studies show a thick(~1-5 km)layer of conductive Tertiary-Mesozoic sediments beneath the Kachchh and Cambay rift *** resistive blocks indicate presence of basic/ultrabasic volcanic intrusives,depleted mantle lithosphere,and different Precambrian structural *** crustal conductor delineated within the ADFB indicates the presence of fluids within the fault zones,sulfide mineralization within polyphase metamorphic rocks,and/or Aravalli-Delhi sediments/*** observed conductive anomalies beneath the Cambay rift basin indicate the presence of basaltic underplating,volatile(CO2,H2 O)enriched melts and channelization of melt fractions/fluids into crustal depths that occurred due to plume-lithosphere *** variations in electrical resistivity observed across the profile indicate that the impact of Reunion plume on lithospheric structures of the Cambay rift basin is more dominant at western continental margin of India(WCMI)and thus support the hypothesis proposed by Campbell&Griffiths about the plume-lithosphere interactions.

关键词： Cambay rift Deccan basalts Magnetotellurics Partial melt Reunion plume

Hydro-elastic computational analysis of a marine propeller using two-way fluid structure interaction

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第3期7卷 280-291页

作者： v.rama Krishna Srinivas Prasad Sanaka N.Pardhasaradhi B.Raghava rao Naval Science&Technological Laboratory Visakhapatnam532007India Department of Mechanical Engineering V.R.Siddhartha Engineering CollegeVijayawada520007India

Marine propellers have complex geometry and their performance is determined by costly and time consuming open water *** of numerical techniques helps researchers in effective design of *** approaches are used that predicted either hydrodynamic and acoustic response or structural ***-way fluid-structure interaction(FSI)analysis is a very useful approach providing all three responses which helps in the design,analysis and optimization of a *** objective of this paper is to predict the hydro-elastic response of a propeller using two-way FSI on a 0.2m diameter,DTMB-4119 propeller using ANSYS ***-way FSI analysis is carried out using system coupling approach that transfers the data between the structural and fluid *** turbulence effects are captured using the large-eddy simulation(LES)model and the Ffowcs Williams Hawkings(FWH)acoustic model is used for evaluating the sound pressure level(SPL)generated by *** is extended to evaluate the hydro-elastic and acoustic response of the propeller after validating the hydrodynamic performance with the experimental result in the *** results from Two-way FSI analysis are in close agreement when compared with the one-way FSI ***-way FSI can accommodate the peak value of stress and deformation developed during the initial part of the transient solution which is important in the design of *** study reveals that metallic(NAB)propeller can be replaced by a composite *** acoustic response from two-way FSI analysis will be more realistic due to the consideration of hydro-elastic effect of propeller.

关键词： Advance ratio Coupled analysis CFD Marine propeller Hydrodynamic parameters Two-way fluid structure interaction

Morpho-anatomical and physicochemical studies of Fumaria indica(Hausskn.)Pugsley

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第10期2卷 830-834页

作者： Prakash chandra Gupta ch v rao University Institute of Pharmacy Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University National Botanical Research Institute

Objective:To study morpho-anatomical characters and physicochemical analysis of Fumaria indica(***)(Hausskn.)Pugsley,(Fumariaceae),an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various system of indigenous ***:Evaluation of the different parts of the plant was carried out to determine the morphoanatomical,physicochemical,phytochemical and HPTLC fingerprinting profile of *** and other WHO recommended methods were performed for ***:Morphoanatomical studies showed compound and pinnatifid leaf,4 to 6 cm in length,linear and oblong in shape and anomocytic arrangement of stomata,thin walled parenchymatous cells,scattered,sclerenchymatous,capped vascular bundles and radiating medullary *** studies showed foreign matter 0.2%,loss on drying 6.8%,total ash 16.77%,alcohol and water soluble extractives 8.92%and 20.26%,respectively,sugar 17.75%,starch 22.97%and tannins 2.37%.Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of carbohydrate,alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,tannins and *** layer chromatography was carried out with different solvents and the best solvent system was chloroform and methanol in 80:20 ratio and revealed 12 spots with different R_f value under Uv light 366λ.Conclusions:The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material for future investigations and applications.

关键词： Morpho-anatomy Transverse sections HPTLC Stomata Xylem Physicochemical

Hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Ziziphus oenoplia(L.)Mill roots against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第4期5卷 283-288页

作者： ch v rao AKS Rawat Anil P Singh Arpita Singh Neeraj verma Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division National Botanical Research Institute(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)Rana Pratap MargP.O.Box No.436Lucknow 226001Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Pharmacology Goel Institute of Pharmacy & SciencesFaizabad Road(Near Indira Canal) Lucknow 227105Uttar PradeshIndia

Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic(50%) extract of Ziziphus oenoplia(L.) Mill(***) root against isoniazid(INH) and rifampicin(RIF) induced liver damage in animal ***:Five groups of six rats each were selected for the *** extract at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg as well as silymarin(100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for 21 d in INH + RIF treated *** serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT),glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT),alkaline phosphatase (SALP),and bilirubin were estimated along with activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase, glutathione S-transferase,glutathione peroxidase,and hepatic melondialdehyde formation. Histopathological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the ***:The considerably elevated serum enzymatic activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,glutamate pyruvate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin due to INH + RIF treatment were restored towards norma) in a dose dependent manner after the treatment with ethanolic extract of *** ***,the decreased activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were also restored towards normal dose *** addition,ethanolic extract also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic melondialdehyde formation in the liver of INH + RIF intoxicated rats in a dose dependent manner. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver ***:The results of this study slrongly indicate that ethanolic extract of *** has a potent hepatoprotective action against INH + RIF induced hepatic damage in rats.

关键词： Ziziphus oenoplia(Rhamnaceae) Rifampicin Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity

A review on ethnobotany,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Fumaria indica(Fumitory)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 665-669页

作者： Prakash chandra Gupta Nisha Sharma ch v rao University Institute of Pharmacy Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University National Botanical Research Institute

Fumaria indica(Hausskn.) Pugsley(Fumariaceae),known as "Fumitory",is an annual herb found as a common weed all over the plains of India and *** whole plant is widely used in traditional and folkloric systems of *** traditional systems of medicine,the plant is reputed for its anthelmintic,diuretic,diaphoretic,laxative,cholagoguc,stomachic and sedative activities and is used to purify blood and in liver obstruction in ethnopharmacology. The whole plant is ascribed to possess medicinal virtues in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine and is also used in preparation of important Ayurvedic medicinal preparations and polyhedral liver *** review reveals that phytochemical constituents of wide range have been separated from the plants and it possesses important pharmacological activities like smooth muscle relaxant,spasmogenic and spasmolytic,analgesic,anti-inflammatory, neuropharmacological and antibacterial *** separation of hepatoprotective and antifungal constituents from this plant was also reported *** review highlights the traditional,ethnobotanical,phytochemical,pharmacological information available on Fumaria indica,which might be helpful for scientists and researchers to find out new chemical entities responsible for its claimed traditional uses.

关键词： Fumaria indica Phytochemistry Protopine Hepatoprotective

Pharmacognostic studies of the leaves and stem of Careya arborea Roxb.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第5期2卷 404-408页

作者： Prakash chandra Gupta Nisha Sharma ch v rao University Institute of Pharmacy Chhtrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division National Botanical Research Institute

Objective:To study detailed pharmacognostic profile of leaves and stem of Careya arborea(C. arborea) Roxb.(Lecthyidaceae),an important medicinal plant in the Indian system of medicine. Methods:Leaf and stem samples of *** were studied by macroscopical,microscopical, physicochemical,phytochemical,fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other methods for standardization recommended by ***:Maeroscopieally,the leaves are simple, broadly obovate in shape,acuminate apex with crenate,dentate margin,petioles(0.1-1.8 cm) long. Microscopically,the leaf showed the presence of median large size vascular bundle covered with fibrous bundle sheath,arrangement of xylem in cup shape and presence of cortical vascular bundle, patches of sclerenchyma,phloem fibers in groups and brown pigment containing cells in stem are some of the diagnostic features noted from anatomical *** microscopy of leaf revealed the presence of parenchyma cells,xylem with pitted vessels and epidermis with anisocylic *** investigations also included leaf surface data;quantitative leaf microscopy and fluorescence analysis. Physiochemical parameters such as loss on drying,swelling index,extractive values and ash values were also determined and results showed that total ash of the stem bark was about two times higher than leaf and water soluble extractive value of leaf and stem bark was two limes higher than alcohol soluble extractive *** phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins,tannins and ***:The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material in future investigations and applications.

关键词： Careya arborea Microscopy Macroscopy Pharmacognosy Stomata Xylem Phloem Physicochemical

Biliary strictures complicating living donor liver transplantation:Problems,novel insights and solutions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第19期24卷 2061-2072页

作者： Harshavardhan B rao Arjun Prakash Surendran Sudhindran rama P venu Department of Gastroenterology Amrita Institute of Medical SciencesAmrita UniversityKochi 682041India Department of Transplant and vascular Surgery Amrita Institute of Medical SciencesAmrita UniversityKochi 682041India

Biliary stricture complicating living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) is a relatively common complication, occurring in most transplant centres across the world. Cases of biliary strictures are more common in LDLT than in deceased donor liver transplantation. Endoscopic management is the mainstay for biliary strictures complicating LDLT and includes endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, sphincterotomy and stent placement(with or without balloon dilatation). The efficacy and safety profiles as well as outcomes of endoscopic management of biliary strictures complicating LDLT is an area that needs to be viewed in isolation, owing to its unique set of problems and attending complications; as such, it merits a tailored approach, which is yet to be well established. The diagnostic criteria applied to these strictures are not uniform and are over-reliant on imaging studies showing an anastomotic narrowing. It has to be kept in mind that in the setting of LDLT, a subjective anastomotic narrowing is present in most cases due to a mismatch in ductal diameters. However, whether this narrowing results in a functionally significant narrowing is a question that needs further study. In addition, wide variation in the endotherapy protocols practised in most centres makes it difficult to interpret the results and hampers our understanding of this topic. The outcome definition for endotherapy is also heterogenous and needs to be standardised to allow for comparison of data in this regard and establish a clinical practice guideline. There have been multiple studies in this area in the last 2 years, with novel findings that have provided solutions to some of these issues. This review endeavours to incorporate these new findings into the wider understanding of endotherapy for biliary strictures complicating LDLT, with specific emphasis on diagnosis of strictures in the LDLT setting, endotherapy protocols and outcome definitions. An attempt is made to present the best management optio

关键词： Biliary strictures Endoscopic management Stenting Self-expanding metal stents Living donor liver transplantation