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Statistical Downscaling Based on Dynamically Downscaled Predictors: Application to Monthly Precipitation in Sweden

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第6期20卷 951-958页

作者： cecilia HELLSTROM Deliang CHEN EarthSciencesCentre GothenburgUniversityGothenburgSweden NationalClimateCenter ChinaMeteorologicalAdministrationBeijingChina

A prerequisite of a successful statistical downscaling is that large-scale predictors simulated by the General Circulation Model (GCM) must be realistic. It is assumed here that features smaller than the GCM resolution are important in determining the realism of the large-scale predictors. It is tested whether a three-step method can improve conventional one-step statistical downscaling. The method uses predictors that are upscaled from a dynamical downscaling instead of predictors taken directly from a GCM simulation. The method is applied to downscaling of monthly precipitation in Sweden. The statistical model used is a multiple regression model that uses indices of large-scale atmospheric circulation and 850-hPa specific humidity as predictors. Data from two GCMs (HadCM2 and ECHAM4) and two RCM experiments of the Rossby Centre model (RCA1) driven by the GCMs are used. It is found that upscaled RCA1 predictors capture the seasonal cycle better than those from the GCMs, and hence increase the reliability of the downscaled precipitation. However, there are only slight improvements in the simulation of the seasonal cycle of downscaled precipitation. Due to the cost of the method and the limited improvements in the downscaling results, the three-step method is not justified to replace the one-step method for downscaling of Swedish precipitation.

关键词： downscaling multiple regression atmospheric circulation indices monthly precipitation Sweden

Insights into the genetic architecture of congenital heart disease from animal modeling

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Zoological Research 2023年第3期44卷 577-590页

作者： Wenjuan Zhu cecilia W.Lo The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SARChina Department of Developmental Biology University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA15201 USA Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong(KIZ-CUHK)Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases Hong Kong SARChina

Congenital heart disease(CHD)is observed in up to 1%of live births and is one of the leading causes of mortality from birth *** hundreds of genes have been implicated in the genetic etiology of CHD,their role in CHD pathogenesis is still poorly *** is largely a reflection of the sporadic nature of CHD,as well as its variable expressivity and incomplete *** reviewed the monogenic causes and evidence for oligogenic etiology of CHD,as well as the role of de novo mutations,common variants,and genetic *** further mechanistic insight,we leveraged single-cell data across species to investigate the cellular expression characteristics of genes implicated in CHD in developing human and mouse embryonic *** the genetic etiology of CHD may enable the application of precision medicine and prenatal diagnosis,thereby facilitating early intervention to improve outcomes for patients with CHD.

关键词： Congenital heart disease Genetic modifier Single cell sequencing De novo mutation Protective variant Common copy number variant

A One Health approach to fight antimicrobial resistance in Uganda: Implementation experience, results, and lessons learned

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Biosafety and Health 2024年第2期6卷 125-132页

作者： Reuben Kiggundu J.P.Waswa Niranjan Konduri Hassan Kasuja Marion Murungi Patrick Vudriko Harriet Akello Eric Lugada cecilia Muiva Esther Were Dinah Tjipura Henry Kajumbula Kate Kikule Emmanuel Nfor Mohan P.Joshi USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthArlingtonVA 22203USA College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and BiosecurityMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda Ministry of Health Uganda Kampala 256Uganda USAID Strengthening Supply Chain Systems Activity Management Sciences for HealthKampala 256Uganda USAID Medicines Technologiesand Pharmaceutical Services ProgramManagement Sciences for HealthNairobi 254Kenya Department of Microbiology College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampala 256Uganda

Uganda has been implementing the Global Health Security Agenda(GHSA)since 2015 to build its capacity according to World Health Organization(WHO)Benchmarks on International Health Regulations *** country remains prone to outbreaks,with more than 20 disease outbreaks reported in the past five years,including Ebola virus disease,Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever,Marburg haemorrhagic fever,measles,yellow fever,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and *** resistance(AMR)is an ongoing *** scored capacity level 3 on infection prevention and control(IPC)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)in the 2017 Joint External Evaluation(JEE)*** gaps were being addressed after a self-assessment in *** paper describes the technical assistance approaches provided to Uganda by the Medicines,Technologies,and Pharmaceutical Services Program,funded by the United States(U.S.)Agency for International Development,and implemented by Management Sciences for *** program,through a One Health approach,supported systematic capacity strengthening based on the JEE's capacity advancement framework for global health security,specifically relating to *** program's interventions impacted 32 WHO benchmark actions(7 for AMR multisectoral coordination,16 for IPC,and 9 for AMS),contributing to Uganda's strengthened GHSA *** success built on the AMR platform,the program trained 745 health workers in IPC for the Ebola virus and provided support for simulation exercises by eight district IPC *** program also worked with the Ministry of Health to coordinate IPC for the COVID-19 response in five health regions,covering 45 districts and reaching 5,452 health workers at 858 health facilities.

关键词： One health Antimicrobial resistance Antibiotic resistance Jointexternal evaluation Global health security Uganda Africa WHO Benchmarks for International Health Regulations Capacities

地表城市热岛时空演变——对夏季热浪时期的关注

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第6期34卷 1065-1082页

作者：任嘉义杨俊于文博丛楠肖向明夏建红李雪铭 School of Humanities and Law Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110169China Human Settlements Research Center Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029LiaoningChina Jangho Architecture College Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110169China Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Earth Observation and ModelingUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA School of Earth and Planetary Sciences(EPS) Curtin UniversityPerth 65630Australia

Many cities face heat wave(HW) events, combined with the existent surface urban heat island(SUHI) effects. This places pressure on human settlements and sustainable development. However, few studies have investigated the SUHI effects from the perspective of HWs. In this study, the summer HWs in Beijing from 2001 to 2021 were calculated, and the evolution of HWs and SUHIs was quantitatively analyzed based on the dynamic nature of the urban-rural boundary. Beijing experienced 27 HWs in the 21 years, including 10 instances in June, four in July, and 13 in August. The SUHI varied during HWs, between 2–3℃ in most years. The highest SUHI occurred in 2019, reaching 3.99℃ and covering the largest area(10,887 km^(2)). The fluctuation in HWs and SUHIs generally displayed the same spatiotemporal pattern, and HWs amplified the SUHIs to a certain extent, with the highest correlation coefficient being 0.44. Additionally, impervious surfaces and cropland contributed most to SUHIs,and night light enhanced SUHIs. Observing the co-evolution of HWs and SUHIs will be helpful for ecological maintenance and urban infrastructure optimization and provide theoretical support for reducing heat risk and improving the human settlement environment.

关键词： heat wave surface urban heat island interactive Self-organization algorithm centroid migration Beijing

Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 25-36页

作者： Jianfeng Zhou Ting Wang cecilia Yu Xing Xie School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Water disinfection is a critical step in water and wastewater *** most widely used chlorination suffers from the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products(DBPs)while alternative methods(e.g.,UV,O3,and membrane filtration)are limited by microbial regrowth,no residual disinfectant,and high operation ***,a nanowire-enabled disinfection method,locally enhanced electric field treatment(LEEFT),is introduced with advantages of no chemical addition,no DBP formation,low energy consumption,and efficient microbial *** to the lightning rod effect,the electric field near the tip area of the nanowires on the electrode is significantly enhanced to inactivate microbes,even though a small external voltage(usually<5 V)is *** this review,after emphasizing the significance of water disinfection,the theory of the LEEFT is ***,the recent development of the LEEFT technology on electrode materials and device configurations are *** disinfection performance is analyzed,with respect to the operating parameters,universality against different microorganisms,electrode durability,and energy *** studies on the inactivation mechanisms during the LEEFT are also ***,the challenges and future research of LEEFT disinfection are discussed.

关键词： Water treatment Nanotechnology Pathogen inactivation Electroporation Nanowire Chemical-free

Transcriptome analysis shows nicotinamide seed treatment alters expression of genes involved in defense and epigenetic processes in roots of seedlings of Picea abies

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1365-1375页

作者： cecilia Laurell Torkel Berglund Anna B.Ohlsson Department of Industrial Biotechnology School of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health(CBH)KTH Royal Institute of Technology10691 StockholmSweden

Nicotinamide treatment of plants and plant cell cultures has been shown to promote defense and decrease levels of DNA *** the present study,we used RNA-seq technology to study overall changes in gene expression induced in roots of 3-month-old spruce(Picea abies)seedlings grown from nicotinamide-treated seeds to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense *** 350 genes were identified as differentially expressed in roots after the seed *** response genes,including transcription factors MYB77 and LHY and two chitinase enzymes,were generally upregulated,whereas genes thought to be involved in epigenetic regulation such as DDM1,known to promote DNA methylation,were present at high frequency among the downregulated *** all samples,the expression of downregulated epigenetic-related genes was highly correlated with the nicotinamide treatment,indicating a common *** results support an earlier hypothesis regarding a potential role of nicotinamide as a defense-signal mediator.

关键词： DNA methylation Large-scale gene expression analysis Nicotinamide Picea abies Seed treatment

Epidemiologic methods for investigating male fecundity

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 17-22页

作者： Jrn Olsen cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Fertility is a couple concept that has been measured since the beginning of demography, and male fecundity （his biological capacity to reproduce） is a component of the fertility rate. Unfortunately, we have no way of measuring the male component directly, although several indirect markers can be used. Population registers can be used to monitor the proportion of childless couples, couples who receive donor semen, trends in dizygotic twinning, and infertility diagnoses. Studies using time-to-pregnancy （TTP） may identify couple subfecundity, and TTP data will correlate with sperm quality and quantity as well as sexual activity and a number of other conditions. Having exposure data available for couples with a fecund female partner would make TTP studies of interest in identifying exposures that may affect male fecundity. Biological indicators such as sperm quality and quantity isolate the male component of fertility, and semen data therefore remain an important source of information for research. Unfortunately, often over half of those invited to provide a sperm sample will refuse, and the study is then subject to a selection that may introduce bias. Because the most important time windows for exposures that impair semen production could be early fetal life, puberty, and the time of ejaculation; longitudinal data over decades of time are required. The ongoing monitoring of semen quality and quantity should continue, and surveys monitoring fertility and waiting TTP should also be designed.

关键词： data collection epidemiology epidemiological monitoring fertility sperm count time-to-pregnancy (TTP)

Quantifying water quality and flow in multi-branched urban estuaries for a rainfall event with mass balance method

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 317-328页

作者： Joan cecilia Casila Gubash Azhikodan Katsuhide Yokoyama College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology University of the Philippines Los BanosLos Banos 4031Philippines Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo 192-0397Japan

In this study,field observations were conducted after a heavy rainfall event in the Sumida and Shakujii rivers in Tokyo,*** flow dynamics and fluxes of salt,suspended sediment(SS),and dissolved oxygen(DO)were investigated with the mass balance *** fractions of fresh water and saltwater in seaward and landward flows were *** maximum salt flux in the Shakujii River was 53.8 kg/s during the flood tide,and those in the Sumida River were 680.3 kg/s at the upstream station and 703.7 kg/s at the downstream *** trends of SS and DO fluxes were similar in both *** the Shakujii River,the highest SS(3.1 kg/s)and DO(0.4 kg/s)fluxes appeared during the flood tide after *** the Sumida River,the maximum SS fluxes(6.1 and 6.3 kg/s at the upstream and downstream stations,respectively)and DO fluxes(1.15 and 1.21 kg/s at the upstream and downstream stations,respectively)appeared during the ebb *** mass balance method was used to estimate discharge,salinity,SS concentration,and DO concentration at a station with missing *** results show that the estimated salinity and SS concentration had a significant correlation with the on-site observations,with correlation coefficients(R)of 0.950 and 0.835,respectively,but not for DO concentration(R?0.638).The disparity between the computed and measured data may be explained by the differences in velocity,salinity,topography,sedimentation,and the presence of organic *** analysis based on the advective salt transport components found a lower salt flux per unit width in the Shakujii River(0.36 kg/(m·s))in comparison with that in the Sumida River(2.88 kg/(m·s)).This indicates a higher probability for salt retention in the Shakujii River.©2020 Hohai *** and hosting by Elsevier *** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Mass balance Water quality Flow Salt transport Sumida River Shakujii River Estuary

Are flight paths of nocturnal songbird migrants influenced by local coastlines at a peninsula？

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 660-669页

作者： cecilia NILSSON Johan BACKMAN Thomas ALERSTAM Department of Biology Lund University SE-223 62 Lund Sweden

By recording nocturnally migrating passerines with tracking radar we have investigated how coastlines affect the migrants＇ flight paths. Birds could use coastlines as an orientation aid or as a reference cue to compensate for wind drift while mi- grating. However, on the small scale of Falsterbo Peninsula in southern Sweden, we found very little effect of coastlines on migrants flight paths, irrespective of altitude. We tracked 2 930 migrants in three autumn and two spring seasons, at altitudes from 60 up to 3 000 meters. We compared tracks of migrants flying in three different areas, which correspond to the three main coastlines, and can demonstrate that the orientation of the tracks did not differ in a way consistent with the coastlines between the areas in autumn, and showed only a slight effect in spring. This is in accordance with earlier infrared device monitoring in Falsterbo, but contrary to earlier visual observations. It supports the view of nocturnally migrating passerines as mainly broad-front migrants. Even though the coastlines on the scale of the peninsula affected the flight paths very little, it is possible that the coastline has an effect on a larger regional scale, by migrants avoiding long sea crossings and thereby being funneled towards the peninsula, but this remains to be investigated [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 660-669, 2014].

关键词： Bird migration Passerines Coastlines Leading lines Flight paths