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Significance of the balance between intracellular glutathione and polyethylene glycol for successful release of small interfering RNA from gold nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3281-3292页

作者： mark mcCully Yulan Hernandez Joao Conde Pedro V. Baptista Jesus m. de la Fuente Andrew Hursthouse David Stirling catherine C. Berry CentreforCellEngineering UniversityofGlasgowGlasgowG128QQScotlandUK InstituteofNanoscienceofAragon UniversityofZaragozaZaragoza50018Spain massachusettsInstituteofTechnology InstituteforMedicalEngineeringandScienceHarvard-MITDivisionforHealthSciencesandTechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts02139USA UCIBIO DepartamentodeCienciasdaVidaFaculdadedeCienciaseTecnologiaUniversidadeNovadeLisboaCampusdeCaparicaCaparica2829-516Portugal InstitutodeCienciadematerialesdeAragon(ICmA) CSIC-UniversidaddeZaragozac/PedroCerbuna12Zaragoza50009Spain InstituteofNanoBiomedicineandEngineering KeyLaboratoryforThinFilmandMicrofabricationTechnologyoftheMinistryofEducationResearchInstituteofTranslationMedicineShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityDongchuanRoad800Shanghai200240China SchoolofScience UniversityoftheWestofScotlandPaisleyPA12BEScotlandUK

The therapeutic promise of small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） for specific gene silencing is dependent on the successful delivery of functional siRNAs to the cytoplasm. Their conjugation to an established delivery platform, such as gold nanoparticles, offers tremendous potential for treating diseases and advancing our understanding of cellular processes. Their success or failure is dependent on both the uptake of the nanoparticles into the cells and subsequent intracellular release of the functional siRNA. In this study, utilizing gold nanoparticle siRNA-mediated delivery against C-mYC, we aimed to determine if we could achieve knockdown in a cancer cell line with low levels of intracellular glutathione, and determine the influence, if any, of polyethylene glycol （PEG） ligand density on knockdown, with a view to determining the optimal nanoparticle design to achieve C-mYC knockdown. We demonstrate that, regardless of the PEG density, knockdown in cells with relatively low glutathione levels can be achieved, as well as the possible effect of steric hindrance of PEG on the availability of the siRNA for cleavage in the intracellular environment. Gold nanoparticle uptake was demonstrated via transmission electron microscopy and mass spectroscopy, while knockdown was determined at the protein and physiological levels （cells in S-phase） by in-cell westerns and BrdU incorporation, respectively.

关键词： gold nanoparticles PEG glutathione siRNA drug delivery

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Fungal endophytes in green coffee seeds

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菌物学报 2008年第1期27卷 75-84页

作者： Femando E. VEGA Francisco POSADA m. catherine AImE Stephen W. PETERSON Stephen A. REHNER Sustainable Perennial Crops Laboratory U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Building 011A BARC-W Beltsville Maryland 20705 USA Centro Nacional de lnvestigaciones de Cafe CENICAFE Chinchina Caldas Colombia Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University AgCenter 302 Life Sciences Bldg. Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 1815 N. University St. Peoria IL 61604 USA Systematic mycology and microbiology Laboratory U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Building 011A BARC-W Beltsville Maryland20705 USA

Green coffee seeds from Colombia, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico and Vietnam were sampled for the presence of fungal endophytes. Stions of surface sterilized seeds were plated on yeast malt agar, and fungal growth was isolated for subsequent DNA extraction and sequencing. Several fungal genera were isolated, including Acremonium, Aspergillus, Eurotium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Penicillium, Pseudozyma and an undescribed clavicipitaceous species. The biological activities that these fungi might be playing in coffee seeds remain unknown, but in other plants some of the genera isolated have been reported to protect against plant pathogens.

关键词：咖啡种子内生真菌新记录

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The organization of societal conflicts by pavement ants Tetramorium caespitum： an agent-based model of amine-mediated decision making

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 277-284页

作者： Kevin m. HOOVER Andrew N. BUBAK Isaac J. LAW Jazmine D. W. YAEGER Kenneth J. RENNER John G. SWALLOW michael J. greene Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO 80217-3364 USA Neuroscience Program University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO 80045 USA Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion South Dakota 57069 USA

Ant colonies self-organize to solve complex problems despite the simplicity of an individual ant＇s brain. Pavement ant Tetramorium caespitum colonies must solve the problem of defending the ter- ritory that they patrol in search of energetically rich forage. When members of 2 colonies randomly interact at the territory boundary a decision to fight occurs when： 1） there is a mismatch in nest- mate recognition cues and 2） each ant has a recent history of high interaction rates with nestmate ants. Instead of fighting, some ants will decide to recruit more workers from the nest to the fighting location, and in this way a positive feedback mediates the development of colony wide wars. In ants, the monoamines serotonin （5-HT） and octopamine （OA） modulate many behaviors associated with colony organization and in particular behaviors associated with nestmate recognition and ag- gression. In this article, we develop and explore an agent-based model that conceptualizes how in- dividual changes in brain concentrations of 5-HT and OA, paired with a simple threshold-based de- cision rule, can lead to the development of colony wide warfare. model simulations do lead to the development of warfare with 91% of ants fighting at the end of 1 h. When conducting a sensitivity analysis, we determined that uncertainty in monoamine concentration signal decay influences the behavior of the model more than uncertainty in the decision-making rule or density. We conclude that pavement ant behavior is consistent with the detection of interaction rate through a single timed interval rather than integration of multiple interactions.

关键词： agent-based model aggressive behavior ants decision making monoamines octopamine serotonin.

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An Investigation on the Utilization of Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device among Women in Kabwe, Central Province

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第12期13卷 1994-2020页

作者： Janet mazuba mweempwa catherine m. Ngoma Department of Public Health Nursing School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of midwifery Women and Child Heath School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Introduction: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective long acting reversible contraceptive but its use is low. This study examined factors contributing to the utilization of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) among women in Kabwe Central Province. methodology: This was an analytical cross sectional study. Primary data was collected from 150 respondents in using simple random sampling method. Data was analysed using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Chi-square test was used to test associations among the dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. The confidence interval was set at 95% and significant level was at 0.05%. Findings: The study found that 44% of the respondents had high level of knowledge about IUCD. About 28% of the respondents, said that they used IUCD because it maintains menstrual bleeding, 26% said that they used because IUCD it does not cause infections, and 19% said that they used IUCD because it does not migrate to other body parts. majority (81%) of the respondents agreed with a statement that age contributes to underutilization of IUCD. About 77% of the respondents agreed with a statement that marital status contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 75% agreed with a statement that, education level contributes to underutilization of IUCD and was significant. Furthermore, 91% of the respondents agreed with a statement that lack of knowledge about IUCD contributes to underutilization of IUCD and 74% agreed with a statement that religion contributes to underutilization of IUCD. Age (p = 0.003), marital status (p = 0.002), education level (p = 0.003), and employment status (p = 0.02), were found to have a significant relationship with the utilization of IUCD. About 36% of the respondents said that knowledge or education affects the utilization of IUCD at a large extent. The study showed a positive relationship between the utilization of IUCD and all explanat

关键词： Utilization Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device Women Contraceptives Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive

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Experimental models of endocrine responsive breast cancer: strengths, limitations, and use

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 762-783页

作者： Robert Clarke Brandon C.Jones catherine m.Sevigny Leena A.Hilakivi-Clarke Surojeet Sengupta The Hormel Institute and Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMN 55912USA Department of Oncology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC 20057USA The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main StreetBar HarborME 04609USA

Breast cancers characterized by expression of estrogen receptor-alpha(ER;ESR1)represent approximately 70%of all new cases and comprise the largest molecular subtype of this *** this high prevalence,the number of adequate experimental models of ER+breast cancer is relatively ***,these models have proved very useful in advancing understanding of how cells respond to and resist endocrine therapies,and how the ER acts as a transcription factor to regulate cell fate *** discuss the primary experimental models of ER+breast cancer including 2D and 3D cultures of established cell lines,cell line-and patient-derived xenografts,and chemically induced rodent models,with a consideration of their respective general strengths and *** can and cannot be learned easily from these models is also discussed,and some observations on how these models may be used more effectively are ***,despite their limitations,the panel of models currently available has enabled major advances in the field,and these models remain central to the ability to study mechanisms of therapy action and resistance and for hypothesis testing that would otherwise be intractable or unethical in human subjects.

关键词： Breast cancer experimental models PDX xenografts study design

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Risk factors for liver disease among adults of mexican descent in the United States and mexico

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第37期24卷 4281-4290页

作者： Yvonne N Flores Zuo-Feng Zhang Roshan Bastani mei Leng catherine m Crespi Paula Ramírez-Palacios Heather Stevens Jorge Salmerón Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud Delegación MorelosInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialCuernavacaMorelos 62000México UCLA Department of Health Policy and management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Division of General Internal medicine and Health Services Research Los AngelesCA 90095United States UCLA Department of Biostatistics Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesCA 90095United States University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA 98195United States Universidad Nacional Autónoma de méxico Academic Epidemiology Research UnitAvenida Universidad 3000Ciudad UniversitariaCoyoacánMexico City 04510México Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMorelos 62100México

AIm To compare the prevalence of chronic liver disease(CLD) risk factors in a representative sample of mexicanAmericans born in the United States(US) or mexico, to a sample of adults in *** Data for mexican-Americans in the US were obtained from the 1999-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES), which includes persons of mexican origin living in the US(n = 4274). The NHANES sample was restricted to mexican-American participants who were 20 years and older, born in the US or mexico, not pregnant or breastfeeding, and with medical *** data in mexico were obtained from the 2004-2013 Health Worker Cohort Study in Cuernavaca, mexico(n =9485). The following known risk factors for liver disease/cancer were evaluated: elevated aminotransferase levels(elevated alanine aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females; elevated aspartate aminotransferase was defined as > 40 IU/L for males and females), infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C,metabolic syndrome, high total cholesterol, diabetes,obesity, abdominal obesity, and heavy alcohol use. The main independent variables for this study classified individuals by country of residence(i.e., mexico vs the US) and place of birth(i.e., US-born vs mexico-born).Regression analyses were used to investigate CLD risk *** After adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics,mexican-American males were more likely to be obese,diabetic, heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than males in mexico. The adjusted multivariate results for females also indicate that mexican-American females were significantly more likely to be obese, diabetic, be heavy/binge drinkers or have abdominal obesity than mexican females. The prevalence ratios and prevalence differences mirror the multivariate analysis findings for the aforementioned risk factors, showing a greater risk among US-born as compared to mexico-born mexicanAmericans. CONCLUSION In this study, mexican-Americans i

关键词： Liver disease Risk factors Health disparities mexico mexican Americans Latinos

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Nurses' views of fundamental relational skills used in clinical practice: a cross-sectional pilot study

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Frontiers of Nursing 2021年第3期8卷 223-232页

作者： Fiona Timmins Jan m.A.de Vries Yvonne muldowney catherine mc Cabe Jacqueline Whelan Sinead Buckley Sandra mcCarthy The School of Nursing and midwifery Trinity CollegeDublin 2Ireland Portlaoise General Hospital BallyroanPortlaoiseCo.LaoisIreland

Objective:Effective communication skills are one of the core competencies of nursing curricula *** are generally regarded as *** our complete trust in the profession,deficiencies and gaps ***,it is not clear to which extent nurses use key communication skills in practice,and whether or not confident in using these skills compounds environmental issues that *** study explored nurse’s confidence and application of relational skills competencies in nursing ***:A 13-item online survey was used to collect ***:Being self-aware on key areas where there was more *** also lacked confidence in exploring the impact of their personal feelings and values on their *** were also less confident on responding appropriately to instances of unsafe or unprofessional practice and using information and communication systems and ***:Given the potential impact of poor relational skills on quality client care,an increased emphasis on caring and compassion,and the ever-expanding use of communication technologies,there is a need to explore the need for reflective practice to enhance continuous professional development for nurses to enhance their relational skills.

关键词： communication relational nurse caring nursing competencies technology listening

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Group A streptococcal antigen exposed rat model to investigate neurobehavioral and cardiac complications associated with post-streptococcal autoimmune sequelae

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Animal models and Experimental medicine 2021年第2期4卷 151-161页

作者： Rukshan A.m.Rafeek catherine m.Lobbe Ethan C.Wilkinson Adam S.Hamlin Nicholas m.Andronicos David J.mcmillan Kadaba S.Sriprakash Natkunam Ketheesan School of Science&Technology University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia School of Science TechnologyEngineering and Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore DCQLDAustralia QImR Berghofer medical Research Institute HerstonQLDAustralia

Background:The neuropsychiatric disorders due to post-streptococcal autoimmune complications such as Sydenham's chorea(SC)are associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease(ARF/RHD).An animal model that exhibits char-acteristics of both cardiac and neurobehavioral defects in ARF/RHD would be an important adjunct for future *** age,gender,strain differences,and geno-types impact on the development of autoimmunity,we investigated the behavior of male and female Wistar and Lewis rat strains in two age cohorts(6 weeks and 12 weeks)under normal husbandry conditions and following exposure to group A streptococcus(GAS).methods:Standard behavioral assessments were performed to determine the impair-ments in fine motor control(food manipulation test),gait and balance(beam walk-ing test),and obsessive-compulsive behavior(grooming and marble burying tests).Furthermore,electrocardiography,histology,and behavioral assessments were per-formed on male and female Lewis rats injected with GAS ***:For control Lewis rats there were no significant age and gender dependent differences in marble burying,food manipulation,beam walking and grooming *** contrast significant age-dependent differences were observed in Wistar rats in all the behavioral tests except for food ***,Lewis rats were selected for further experiments to determine the effect of *** ex-posure to GAS,Lewis rats demonstrated neurobehavioral abnormalities and cardiac pathology akin to SC and ARF/RHD,***:We have characterised a new model that provides longitudinal stability of age-dependent behavior,to simultaneously investigate both neurobehavioral and cardiac abnormalities associated with post-streptococcal complications.

关键词： animal model group A streptococcus Lewis rats paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections(PANDAS) rheumatic fever rheumatic heart disease sydenham chorea(SC)

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Health-education to prevent COVID-19 in schoolchildren: a call to action

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 142-144页

作者： Darren J.Gray Johanna Kurscheid mary Lorraine mationg Gail m.Williams catherine Gordon matthew Kelly Kinley Wangdi Donald P.mcmanus Department of Global Health Research School of Population HealthAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of Public Health University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Infectious Diseases Division QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia

Background:There is currently considerable international debate around school closures/openings and the role of children in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Whilst evidence suggests that children are not impacted by COVID-19 as severely as adults,little is still known about their transmission potential,and with a lot of asymptomatic cases they may be silent transmitters(*** without showing clinical signs of disease),albeit at a lower level than *** relation to this,it is somewhat concerning that in many countries children are cared for,or are often in close contact with,older individuals such as grandparents—the age group most at risk of acquiring serious respiratory complications resulting in *** text:We emphasise that in the absence of a vaccine or an effective therapeutic drug,preventive measures such as good hygiene practices—hand washing,cough etiquette,disinfection of surfaces and social distancing represent the major(in fact only)weapons that we have against ***,we stress that there is a pressing need to develop specific COVID-19 prevention messages for ***:An entertainment education intervention for schoolchildren systematically implemented in schools would be highly effective and fill this *** such measures in place there would be greater confidence around the opening of schools.

关键词： COVID-19 Children Health education Health promotion Prevention

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Knowledge about HIV and AIDS among Young Women

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Open Journal of Nursing 2015年第6期5卷 558-565页

作者： catherine m. Ngoma Janetta Roos Seter Siziya Department of Nursing Sciences School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Health Studies University of South Africa Pretoria South Africa Department of Community medicine School of Medicine University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

HIV and AIDS are a major health concern among women worldwide. It is important that women especially youths are educated about HIV and AIDS because they represent a window of opportunity for reversing HIV rates if effective prevention programs can reach them before they engage in risky sexual behaviour. Women are more vulnerable to HIV infection than men and play a central role in the concept of the family, in nurturing, protecting, and caring for the family. The aim of the study was to explore HIV and AIDS knowledge among young women. A qualitative exploratory approach using focus group discussions was used and content analysis was used to interpret the data. A total of 8 focus group discussions were conducted two study sites intervention and control site. The analysis revealed 6 themes namely definition of HIV and AIDS, seriousness of HIV and AIDS in the community, signs and symptoms, transmission of HIV, cure for HIV and AIDS and prevention. The findings showed that some participants had knowledge deficit on HIV and AIDS, therefore continued community sensitisation is essential.

关键词： Knowledge HIV AIDS Young Women

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