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From source to emplacement:The origin of leucogranites from the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas,India

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 384-401页

作者： Tanya Srivastava Nigel Harris catherine mottram Kumar Batuk Joshi Nishchal Wanjari Department of Geology Sikkim UniversityGangtokIndia School of Environment Earth&Ecosystem SciencesOpen UniversityMiltonKeynesUK School of the Environment Geography and GeosciencesUniversity of PortsmouthUK National Centre for Earth Science Studies ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia

Himalayan leucogranites are important for understanding the tectonic evolution of collision zones in general and the causes of crustal melting in the Himalayan orogen in *** paper aims to understand the melt source and emplacement age of the leucogranites from Sikkim in order to decipher the deep geodynamic processes of the eastern *** U-Pb analysis of the Higher Himalayan Sequence(HHS)metamorphic core reveals a prolonged period of crustal melting between>33 Ma and ca.14 *** and trace element abundances are presented for 27 leucogranites from North Sikkim that are classified into two-mica and tourmaline leucogranite *** are peraluminous in composition,characterized by high SiO2(70.91-74.9 wt.%),Al2O3(13.69-15.82 wt.%),and low MgO(0.13-0.74 wt.%).Elemental abundances suggest that Sikkim Himalayan leucogranites are derived from crustal *** two-mica leucogranites are derived from a metagreywacke source,whereas the tourmaline leucogranites are sourced from metapelitic sources,with inherited zircons indicating an HHS origin for both types.U-Pb zircon geochronology of the two mica leucogranites indicates ages of ca.19-15 Ma,consistent with crustal melting recorded in HHS gneisses from *** from both the two-mica and tourmaline leucogranites yield a crystallization age of ca.15-14 Ma,coeval with movement on the Main Central Thrust and South Tibetan Detachment System which further provides constraints on the timing and mechanism of petrogenesis of leucogranites in the Sikkim Himalayas.

关键词： Leucogranites Gneiss U-Pb geochronology Zircon Monazite Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas

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Campaign-style U-Pb titanite petrochronology:Along-strike variations in timing of metamorphism in the Himalayan metamorphic core

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 827-847页

作者： catherine M.mottram John M.Cottle Andrew R.C.Kylander-Clark School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara

Present-day along-strike heterogeneities within the Himalayan orogen are seen at many scales, from variations within the deep architecture of the lithospheric mantle, to differences in geomorphologic surface processes. Here, we present an internally consistent petrochronologic dataset from the Himalayan metamorphic core(HMC), in order to document and investigate the causes of along-strike variations in its Oligocene-Miocene tectonic history. Laser ablation split-stream analysis was used to date and characterise the geochemistry of titanite from 47 calc-silicate rocks across >2000 km along the *** combined U-Pb-REE-Zr single mineral dataset circumvents uncertainties associated with interpretations based on data compilations from different studies, mineral systems and laboratories, and allows for direct along-strike comparisons in the timing of metamorphic processes. Titanite dates range from ～30 Ma to 12 Ma, recording(re-)crystallization between 625 ℃ and 815 ℃. Titanite T-t data overlap with previously published P-T-t paths from interleaved peltic rocks, demonstrating the usefulness of titanite petrochronology for recording the metamorphic history in lithologies not traditionally used for thermobarometry. Overall, the data indicate a broad eastward-younging trend along the *** in the duration and timing of metamorphism within the HMC are best explained by alongstrike variations in the position of ramps on the basal detachment controlling a two-stage process of preferential ductile accretion at depth followed by the formation of later upper-crust brittle *** processes, coupled with variable erosion, resulted in the asymmetric exhumation of a younger,thicker crystalline core in the eastern Himalaya.

关键词： Himalaya Petrochronology Titanite Metamorphic petrology

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Deconvolving the pre-Himalayan Indian margin-Tales of crustal growth and destruction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 863-872页

作者： Christopher J.Spencer Brendan Dyck catherine M.mottram Nick M.W.Roberts Wei-Hua Yao Erin L.Martin Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) Department of Applied Geology Curtin University NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological Survey Department of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser University University Drive Department of Environment Earth and Ecosystems The Open UniversityWalton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Portsmouth Schoolof Earth Sciences and Engineering SunYat-sen University

The metamorphic core of the Himalaya is composed of Indian cratonic rocks with two distinct crustal affinities that are defined by radiogenic isotopic geochemistry and detrital zircon age spectra. One is derived predominantly from the Paleoproterozoic and Archean rocks of the Indian cratonic interior and is either represented as metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence(LHS) or as slices of the distal cratonic margin. The other is the Greater Himalayan Sequence(GHS) whose provenance is less clear and has an enigmatic affinity. Here we present new detrital zircon Hf analyses from LHS and GHS samples spanning over 1000 km along the orogen that respectively show a striking similarity in age spectra and Hf isotope ratios. Within the GHS, the zircon age populations at 2800-2500 Ma,1800 Ma, 1000 Ma and 500 Ma can be ascribed to various Gondwanan source regions; however, a pervasive and dominant Tonianage population(～860-800 Ma) with a variably enriched radiogenic Hf isotope signature(eHf = 10 to-20) has not been identified from Gondwana or peripheral accreted terranes. We suggest this detrital zircon age population was derived from a crustal province that was subsequently removed by tectonic erosion. Substantial geologic evidence exists from previous studies across the Himalaya supporting the Cambro-Ordovician Kurgiakh Orogeny. We propose the tectonic removal of Tonian lithosphere occurred prior to or during this Cambro-Ordovician episode of orogenesis in a similar scenario as is seen in the modern Andean and Indonesian orogenies, wherein tectonic processes have removed significant portions of the continental lithosphere in a relatively short amount of time. This model described herein of the pre-Himalayan northern margin of Greater India highlights the paucity of the geologic record associated with the growth of continental crust. Although the continental crust is the archive of Earth history, it is vital to recognize the ways in which preservation

关键词： Himalaya Gondwana Zircon Subduction erosion

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The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 184-196页

作者： Maxine A.Höft Wendy A.Burgers catherine Riou Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Division of Medical Virology Department of PathologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

This review examines the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 *** with HIV(PWH)are a heterogeneous group that differ in their degree of immune suppression,immune reconstitution,and viral *** COVID-19 in those with wellcontrolled HIV infection poses no greater risk than that for HIV-uninfected individuals,people with advanced HIV disease are more vulnerable to poor COVID-19 ***-19 vaccines are effective and well tolerated in the majority of PWH,though reduced vaccine efficacy,breakthrough infections and faster waning of vaccine effectiveness have been demonstrated in *** is likely a result of suboptimal humoral and cellular immune responses after *** with advanced HIV may also experience prolonged infection that may give rise to new epidemiologically significant variants,but initiation or resumption of antiretroviral therapy(ART)can effectively clear persistent ***-19 vaccine guidelines reflect these increased risks and recommend prioritization for vaccination and additional booster doses for PWH who are moderately to severely *** recommend continued research and monitoring of PWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection,especially in areas with a high HIV burden.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 HIV Immune dysfunction Vaccine efficacy Prolonged infection Immunogenicity

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Limosilactobacillus mucosae FZJTZ26M3 prevents NAFLD in mice through modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1589-1601页

作者： Danting Dang Bowen Li Mengfan Ding RPaul Ross catherine Stanton Jianxin Zhao Bo Yang Wei Chen State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International Joint Research Center for Probiotics&Gut Health Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre MooreparkFermoyCork T12 YT20Ireland National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this ***-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,Model,FZJTZ26M3,FGSYC17L3).*** FZJTZ26M3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of *** to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after *** FZJTZ26M3 *** pathology showed that *** FZJTZ26M3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD ***,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that *** FZJTZ26M3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid ***,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after *** FZJTZ26M3 ***,*** FZJTZ26M3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.

关键词： Limosilactobacillus mucosae Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Probiotic Lipid metabolism Gut microbiota

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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PETG:Applications in Modern Medicine

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 45-55页

作者： catherine Yan Corinne Kleiner Aaron Tabigue Veer Shah Gregory Sacks Darshi Shah Vincent DeStefano Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA Department of Biology Niagara UniversityLewistonNYUSA Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol,PETG,is a miscible,transparent thermoplastic known to have strong tensile properties,high ductility,as well as resistance to heat and chemical *** may be manufactured in several ways,most notably 3D printing *** such,PETG has emerged as a viable biomaterial for a variety of medical applications such as tissue engineering,dentistry,optometry,vascular health,cardiology,orthopedics,neurology,gynecology,and *** also serves a valuable role in biomedical research and engineering by offering improvements in cell studies,drug carriers,and anti-bacterial *** medical research and innovation utilizing PETG will better characterize its value as an inexpensive and versatile biomaterial.

关键词： Polyethylene terephthalate glycol Tissue Engineering 3D Printing Clinical Applications Biomedical Research

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Structural correlation and chemistry of molten NaF-ScF3 with dissolved metal aluminium:TG/DTA,XRD,NMR and molecular dynamics simulations

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3356-3369页

作者： Aydar Rakhmatullin Franti?ek ?imko Didier Zanghi Zuzana Netriová Ilya B.Polovov Ayrat Dimiev Konstantin V.Maksimtsev catherine Bessada Michal Korenko Conditions Extrêmes et Materiaux:Haute Température et Irradiation CEMHTIUPR 3079-CNRS Univ Orleans Department of Molten Systems Institute of Inorganic ChemistrySlovak Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Application-CEMEA Slovak Academy of Sciences Department of Rare Metals and Nanomaterials Institute of Physics and TechnologyUral Federal University Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry Kazan Federal University

For the first time,the mechanism of metal aluminum dissolution in NaF-ScF3eutectic melts and the chemical interaction between the constituents of this mixture have been thoroughly studied by a combination of differential thermal analysis（DTA）,high temperature and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR）,and X-ray diffraction（XRD） coupled with the molecular dynamic *** formation of an insoluble Al3Sc alloy in molten（NaF-ScF3）eutsystem was proven,and the chemical mechanism of this aluminothermic Al3Sc alloy production was *** ex situ examinations bring to light the formation of NaScF4and solid solution of Na3（Al,Sc）F6in cooled *** molecular dynamics calculations of the bath allow us to construct the structural model and to predict viscosity,density and electrical conductivity of the reagent melt to help to optimize the conditions of the alloy synthesis.

关键词： Scandium Alloy Molten salts NMR Molecular dynamics

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非贵金属修饰的BiVO4光催化剂用于高效直接将甲烷转化为甲醇

非贵金属修饰的BiVO4光催化剂用于高效直接将甲烷转化为甲醇

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作者： catherine Afriyie 浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

开发高效技术对于将甲烷升级为有用的含氧化合物（尤其是甲醇）至关重要。然而,由于甲烷对电子的亲和力弱、极化率低、C-H键能量高,因此将甲烷部分氧化为甲醇仍是一项重大挑战。经典的热催化法需要高温来激活甲烷分子,因此需要大量能源... 详细信息

开发高效技术对于将甲烷升级为有用的含氧化合物（尤其是甲醇）至关重要。然而,由于甲烷对电子的亲和力弱、极化率低、C-H键能量高,因此将甲烷部分氧化为甲醇仍是一项重大挑战。经典的热催化法需要高温来激活甲烷分子,因此需要大量能源,而且对有用含氧化合物的选择性较差。光催化可以在温和的条件下促进甲烷转化,与热催化和电催化甲烷转化相比具有更多优势。因此,需要以一种具有成本效益、新颖且环保的方法合成半导体光催化剂,以实现甲烷的高选择性转化。最近,研究人员将铋基半导体作为二元氧化物的完美替代品。其中,BiVO具有低成本、无毒性和窄带隙（2.4 eV）的特点,在甲烷的选择性光氧化中具有广阔的应用前景,因为其导带最小值具有足够的电位,可将O还原成超氧自由基或将HO还原成羟自由基,从而激活CH。然而,纯BiVO光催化剂的表面吸附力较弱,其光诱导的电子-空穴对很快就会重新结合。因此,本论文探讨了以3-十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）为表面活性剂,制备具有可控形貌的BiVO光催化剂,并用低成本的非贵金属（Fe和Cu）对其进行改性,因为Cu和Fe是众所周知的甲烷氧化活性位点。具体研究内容和成果如下（1）首先合成了单斜白钨矿BiVO纳米片（NNS）,并通过浸渍法和锻烧法用Fe或二聚体Cu修饰得到Fe/BiVO（NNS）和Cu/BiVO（NNS）。催化剂在水介质中与O的光催化反应显示没有转化出CH,这与理论推导相矛盾,理论推导认为由于BiVO的导带最低点的位置,光生电子能够还原O产生·O,从而攻击强C-H键活化甲烷。此外,纳米片形态和表面活性金属（Fe和Cu）催化剂的添加并不影响BiVO光催化剂与O转化甲烷的光活性。（2）作为对比研究,合成了 BiVO的微晶（MC）,该微晶之前曾作为单组分光催化剂用于CH与水的氧化。在BiVO（MC）表面同时修饰了 Cu和Fe,以研究它们对光催化过程的综合影响。此外,还研究了通过将BiVO（MC）与p型半导体（FeOOH）耦合形成p-n异质结作为促进电荷载流子分离的另一种方法。催化剂的光催化反应没有显示出对CH的转化,这意味着无论是否经过改性,BiVO半导体光催化剂都无法通过光生电子激活O产生·O,从而转化甲烷。（3）最后,用HO替代O测试了甲烷在催化剂上的光氧化反应。此外,还在BiVO（NNS）中掺杂了 Fe,目的是用Fe取代部分Bi以最大限度地分离电荷载流子。甲烷转化为甲基含氧化合物（CHOH和CHOOH）的选择性几乎达到100%。在BiVO中掺入铁元素后,形成了单斜-四方异质结构,增强了电荷分离,显著降低了带隙能,增强了可见光范围内的光吸收,增加了比表面积,使更多的活性位点可用于反应,从而提高了甲基含氧化合物的产率,超过了未掺杂的BiVO。本论文的实验结果表明,HO是BiVO光催化剂系统中直接转化甲烷的相关氧化剂。初级含氧产物的生产率和选择性优于大多数有关该反应的研究报告。

关键词：甲烷氧化光催化甲醇钒酸铋过渡金属

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Factors Associated with Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Study at Chilenje General Hospital in the Neonatal Unit and Paediatric Wards

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 174-203页

作者： Godfridah Liholosi Monde catherine Ngoma Mutinke Zulu Michael Banda School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Midwifery Women’s and Child Health School of Nursing Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia Department of Humanities and Social Sciences UNICAF University Lusaka Zambia

Background: Neonatal sepsis is known to result in 26% of mortalities in children below the age of five worldwide, countries in Sub-Saharan African recording the highest deaths. Although the deaths of neonates have reduced world over up to 3.6 million counts, Chilenje General Hospital continues to register significant numbers of neonatal sepsis. This study aimed at investigating the factors associated with neonatal sepsis at Chilenje General Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Chilenje General Hospital. Data were collected by the use of a researcher designed questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 25. Frequencies were used for descriptive analysis while bivariate analysis was used to establish association among risk factors and outcome variables. Variables with significant association at 5% level were further subjected to multivariate analysis at α ≤ 0.05. Results: The study showed that out of 156 neonates, 40.4% (63/156) developed neonatal sepsis. Maternal factors that projected the incidence of sepsis amongst neonates were distance to nearest health facility [AOR: 6.3 (95% CI: 1.8 - 21.3), p = 0.003], occupation [AOR: 5.8 (95% CI: 1.2 - 27.6), p = 0.026], number of antenatal visits [AOR: 6.3 (95% CI: 1.9 - 21.6), p = 0.003], number of vaginal examinations [AOR: 10.8 (95% CI: 2.8 - 42), p = 0.001], and pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR: 5.4 (95% CI: 1.4 - 20), p = 0.013]. Neonatal risk factor which projected the incidence of sepsis was Neonate’s age [AOR: 18.8 (95% CI: 4.9 - 72.5), p = 0.000]. Conclusions: The chance of developing neonatal sepsis was strongly correlated with both mother and child variables, according to the study. In order to lower the chance of the neonate acquiring sepsis, encouraging maternal antenatal care use would assist to detect risk factors during prenatal, perinatal and postnatal care and apply the proper therapies.

关键词： Neonatal Sepsis Factors Maternal

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