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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

Limosilactobacillus mucosae FZjTZ26M3 prevents NAFLD in mice through modulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1589-1601页

作者： Danting Dang Bowen Li Mengfan Ding RPaul Ross catherine Stanton jianxin Zhao Bo Yang Wei Chen State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China International joint Research Center for Probiotics&Gut Health Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkCork T12 YT20Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre MooreparkFermoyCork T12 YT20Ireland National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

Lactobacillus are considered promising therapeutic methods for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).The effects of two strains of Ltmosilactobacillus mucosae on NAFLD were investigated in this ***-old male C57BL/6j mice were divided into 4 groups(n=8 per group,Control,Model,FZjTZ26M3,FGSYC17L3).*** FZjTZ26M3 reduced the mice 's body weight,liver weight,and adipose tissue weight after 12 weeks of *** to serum analysis,total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased after *** FZjTZ26M3 *** pathology showed that *** FZjTZ26M3 was effective to ameliorate lipid deposition in NAFLD ***,the expression of the gene related to lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue was analyzed,and the results indicated that *** FZjTZ26M3 could alleviate NAFLD by regulating lipid ***,the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a drop in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae,which is linked to inflammation,but the relative abundance of a potential probiotic Akkermansia significantly increased after *** FZjTZ26M3 ***,*** FZjTZ26M3 could be a candidate to prevent NAFLD.

关键词： Limosilactobacillus mucosae Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Probiotic Lipid metabolism Gut microbiota

Does a large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long needle distance from the probe to the lesion reduce magnetic resonance imaging–targeted cancer detection?

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 144-147页

作者： Mark D.Bevill justin N.Drobish Kevin j.Flynn Maheen Rajput catherine Metz Chad R.Tracy Paul T.Gellhaus Department of Urology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Department of Radiology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Background:We aimed to evaluate whether large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long lesion distance from the ultrasound probe tip would decrease cancer detection in transrectal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)–targeted *** and methods:Patients who underwent MRI-targeted biopsy at our institution between May 2017 and August 2019 were enrolled in a prospective *** to 5 cores were obtained from≥2 prostate imaging reporting and data system v2 lesions.A multivariable model was created that included needle distance to the lesion,prostate specific antigen,prostate imaging reporting and data system,lesion volume,and prostate ***:A total of 377 patients with 533 lesions underwent a biopsy during the study period.A total of 233(44%)lesions were positive for prostate cancer,and 173(32%)lesions had clinically significant prostate *** mean needle distance to the lesion was 11.7mm(interquartile range,7.6–15.5mm).The likelihood of obtaining a positive core on biopsy decreased as the distance fromthe ultrasound probe increased for all prostate cancers and clinically significant prostate cancer(p=0.018 and p=0.004,respectively).Every 10mmfrom the rectum,there was an 8%–10%decrease in the rate of cancer ***,as the prostate volume increased,the odds of obtaining a positive core also decreased(p=0.039).There was no significant association between the lesion size and amount of cancer obtained on ***:Our data showed that transrectal MRI-targeted biopsy cancer detection modestly decreased the lesion from the ultrasound probe and with a large prostate volume but could not prove that lesion volume was a significant predictor of the amount of cancer detected.

关键词： Prostate cancer Biopsy Magnetic resonance imaging

TOWARDS FFT-BASED DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF TURBULENT FLOWS ON A GPU

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International journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2014年第1期5卷 35-47页

作者： catherine RUCKI ABHILASH j.CHANDY Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Akron AkronOH 44325-3903

The accurate simulation of turbulence and the implementation of corresponding turbulence models are both critical to the understanding of the complex physics behind turbulent flows in a variety of science and engineering *** the tremendous increase in the computing power of central processing units(CPUs),direct numerical simulation of highly turbulent flows is still not feasible due to the need for resolving the smallest length scale,and today’s CPUs cannot keep pace with *** recent development of graphics processing units(GPU)has led to the general improvement in the performance of various *** study investigates the applicability of GPU technology in the context of fast-Fourier transform(FFT)-based pseudo-spectral methods for DNS of turbulent flows for the Taylor–Green vortex *** are implemented on a single GPU and a speedup of unto 31x is obtained in comparison to a single CPU.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics spectral methods turbulence modeling Taylor-Green vortex GPU programming

The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 195-204页

作者： Megan R Ruth catherine j Field Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science 4-126A Li Ka Shing Health Research Innovation Centre University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2E1 Canada

The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue（GALT） are essential components of whole body immune defense,protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens,while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary *** requirement for protein to support the immune system is well *** is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids,particularly on the *** oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake,but the availability of specific dietary amino acids（in particular glutamine,glutamate,and arginine,and perhaps methionine,cysteine and threonine） are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune *** amino acids each have unique properties that include,maintaining the integrity,growth and function of the intestine,as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers,specific T cell functions,and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria *** understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune *** studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states.

关键词： Amino acids Arginine Epithelium Glutamate Glutamine Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Intestine Mucosa

Dryland agriculture and rangeland restoration priorities in Afghanistan

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journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Michael j jACOBS catherine A SCHLOEDER Philip D TANIMOTO Texas Agri Life Research Department of Ecosystem Science & Management2138TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Oikos Services LLCFortineMT 59918USA Conservation Imaging Inc.AuburndaleMassachusetts 02466USA

Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland *** data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland *** this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture *** limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock *** extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation *** total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native *** was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,Badghis,Faryab,jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and Badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in *** MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the *** this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration *** projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming *** consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming *** of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing area

关键词： degradation climatic trends extensive livestock production dryland agriculture rangeland restoration

Intraperitoneal administration of butyrate prevents the severity of acetic acid colitis in rats

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2015年第3期16卷 224-234页

作者： joshua j.MALAGO catherine L.SANGU Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSokoine University of Agriculture c/o Walter Oseko

Intrarectal infusion of butyrate improves colorectal disorders including ulcerative colitis （UC）. However, it is not established whether systemically administered butyrate benefits such patients. The current study aimed at ex- ploring and comparing the potential of intraperitoneally, intrarectally, and orally administered butyrate against acetic acid （AA）-induced UC in rats. Intrarectal administration of 2 ml of 50% AA was done after or without prior treatment of rats for 7 consecutive days with 100 mg/kg sodium butyrate （SB） intraperitoneally, intrarectally, or orally. Rats were sacrificed after 48 h of hA-treatment. Subsequently, colon sections were processed routinely for histopathological examination. We clinically observed diarrhea, loose stools, and hemoccult-positive stools, and histologically, epithelial loss and ulceration, crypt damage, goblet cell depletion, hemorrhage, and mucosal infiltration of inflammatory cells. The changes were significantly reduced by intraperitoneal, intrarectal, or oral butyrate, with intraperitoneal butyrate exhibiting the highest potency. It is concluded that intraperitoneal administration of butyrate abrogates the lesions of hA-induced UC and its potency surpasses that of intrarectal or oral butyrate.

关键词： Butyrate Oral administration Intraperitoneal administration Intrarectal administration Acetic acid,Ulcerative colitis

Implementation of rotational resistance models＇ A critical appraisal

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 14-23页

作者： Xin Huang Kevin j. Hanley catherine O'Sullivan Chung-Yee Kwok a Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JL United Kingdom Skempton Building Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London London SW72AZ United Kingdom Haking Wong Building Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University ofHong Kong Hong Kong China

Contact models that simulate rotational resistance at particle contacts have been proposed as a means to capture the effect of shape in DEM simulations. This contribution critically explores some key issues related to the implementation of rotational resistance models; these include the need for physically meaningful model parameters, the impact of the model on the overall numerical stability/critical time increment for the DEM model, model validation, and the assessment of model performance relative to real physical materials. The discussion is centred around a rotational resistance model that captures the resistance provided by interlocking asperities on the particle surface. An expression for the maximum permissible integration time step to ensure numerical stability is derived for DEM simulations when rotational resistance is incorporated. Analytical solutions for some single-contact scenarios are derived for model validation. The ability of this type of model to provide additional fundamental insight into granular material behaviour is demonstrated using particle-scale analysis of triaxial compression simulations to examine the roles that contact rollin~ and slidin~ have on the stability of stron：~ force chains.

关键词： Granular mediaParticle shapeDiscrete element methodRollingTwistingRotational resistance

Parental involvement and gender differences in the psychological profile of freshmen collegiate athletes

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第3期2卷 160-167页

作者： j.Gualberto Cremades catherine j.Donlon Artur Poczwardowski Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Barry University Cognoscenti Health Institute Graduate School of Professional Psychology University of Denver

Background： The parent-to-child influences can be adaptive and contribute to the optimal psychological well-being and positive perception of the athlete. Contrary to the healthy parental involvement, a family can also have negative effects on an athlete development. The purpose of this study was to determine gender, father involvement, and mother involvement differences in the psychological profiles of collegiate freshmen athletes as measured by perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Methods： Eighty-two male and 73 female collegiate freshmen responded to self-reported measures of family involvement, perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Three separate 2 x 2 x 2 （gender x mother involvement x father involvement） factorial multivariate analysis of variance （MANOVAs） were carried out on the respective subscales from the reported measures. Results： There were significant differences for gender as well as father involvement in perfectionism （p 〈 0.01）. Freshmen females had lower concern over mistakes, and greater levels of organization as well as planfulness than males. Furthermore, freshmen athletes with high involved fathers showed greater levels of high standards for others as well as organization. Conclusion： Father involvement and mother involvement impact perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. perspective. extends through the freshmen year in college as shown in the athletes＇ Future research should develop better measures and utilize a family systems Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

关键词： Development Father involvement Mother involvement Perfectionism Physical self-concept Psychological well-being