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Multi-parametric MRI of the prostate:Factors predicting extracapsular extension at the time of radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第1期4卷 31-36页

作者： Geoffrey S.Gaunay Vinay Patel Paras Shah Daniel Moreira Ardeshir R.Rastinehad Eran Ben-Levi Robert villani Manish A.Vira The Smith Institute for Urology Hofstra Northwell School of MedicineNew Hyde ParkNYUSA Department of Urology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Urology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Department of Radiology Hofstra Northwell School of MedicineNew Hyde ParkNYUSA

Objective:Extracapsular extension(ECE)of prostate cancer is a poor prognostic factor associated with progression,recurrence after treatment,and increased prostate cancer-related *** staging prior to radical prostatectomy is crucial in avoidance of positive margins and when planning nerve-sparing ***-parametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)of the prostate has shown promise in this regard,but is hampered by poor *** sought to identify additional clinical variables associated with pathologic ECE and determine our institutional accuracy in the detection of ECE amongst patients who went on to radical ***:mpMRI studies performed between the years 2012 and 2014 were cross-referenced with radical prostatectomy *** properties of ECE as well as additional clinical and biochemical variables to identify pathology-proven prostate cancer ECE were ***:The prevalence of ECE was 32.4%,and the overall accuracy of mpMRI for ECE was 84.1%.Overall mpMRI sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value for detection of ECE were 58.3%,97.8%,93.3%,and 81.5%,*** mpMRI characteristics predictive of pathologic ECE included primary lesion size((20.73±9.09)mm,mean±SD,p<0.001),T2 PIRADS score(p=0.009),overall primary lesion score(p<0.001),overall study suspicion score(p=0.003),and MRI evidence of seminal vesicle invasion(SVI)(p=0.001).

关键词： Prostate cancer Magnetic resonance imaging Staging Prostatectomy Extracapsular extension

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Predicting disruptions to drug pharmacokinetics and the risk of adverse drug reactions in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Solène Marie Kayla L.Frost Raymond K.Hau Lucy Martinez-Guerrero Jailyn M.Izu cassandra M.Myers Stephen H.Wright Nathan J.Cherrington College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology&ToxicologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA College of Medicine Department of PhysiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

The liver plays a central role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs through drug metabolizing enzymes and ***-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)causes disease-specific alterations to the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)processes,including a decrease in protein expression of basolateral uptake transporters,an increase in efflux transporters,and modifications to enzyme *** can result in increased drug exposure and adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Our goal was to predict drugs that pose increased risks for ADRs in NASH *** research identified 71 drugs with reported ADRs in patients with liver disease,mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),54 of which are known substrates of transporters and/or metabolizing *** NASH is the progressive form of NAFLD but is most frequently undiagnosed,we identified other drugs at risk based on NASH-specific alterations to ADME ***,we present another list of 71 drugs at risk of pharmacokinetic disruption in NASH,based on their transport and/or metabolism *** encompasses drugs from various pharmacological classes for which ADRs may occur when used in NASH patients,especially when eliminated through multiple pathways altered by the ***,these results may inform clinicians regarding the selection of drugs for use in NASH patients.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatic elimination Transporter Enzyme Pharmacokinetics Drug-drug interaction Liver Adverse drug reaction

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Whitlockite has a characteristic distribution in mammary microcalcifications and it is not associated with breast cancer

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Cancer Communications 2023年第10期43卷 1169-1173页

作者： Carlo Morasso Renzo Vanna Francesca Piccotti Lidia Frizzi Marta Truffi Sara Albasini Camelia Borca Thomas Huthwelker Laura villani Oliver Bunk Cinzia Giannini Fabio Corsi Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS PaviaItaly National Research Council (IFN-CNR) Institute for Photonics and NanotechnologiesMilanItaly Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSISwitzerland National Research Council Institute of CrystallographyBariItaly Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of MilanMilanItaly

Dear Editor,Microcalcifications(MCs)are common findings in mammography and can be indicative of different degrees of malignancy,thus requiring multiple stereotaxis vacuumassisted biopsies under mammography to identify and characterize breast cancer[1,2].In many cases,however,the presence of MCs is not associated with the presence of a ***,a better understanding of the physical-chemical properties of MCs is needed to assess the relationship between their presence and breast cancer.

关键词： breast cancer cancer.

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Impact of obesity treatment on gastroesophageal refluxdisease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1627-1638页

作者： Abraham Khan Aram Kim cassandra Sanossian Fritz Francois Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States Department of Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States New York University School of Medicine New YorkNY 10016United States

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a frequently encountered disorder. Obesity is an important risk factor for GERD, and there are several pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the two conditions. For obese patients with GERD, much of the treatment effort is focused on weight loss and its consistent benefit to symptoms, while there is a relative lack of evidence regarding outcomes after novel or even standard medical therapy is offered to this population. Physicians are hesitant to recommend operative anti-reflux therapy to obese patients due to the potentially higher risks and decreased efficacy, and these patients instead are often considered for bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgical approaches are broadening, and each technique has emerging evidence regarding its effect on both the risk and outcome of GERD. Furthermore, combined antireflux and bariatric options are now being offered to obese patients with GERD. However, currently Rouxen-Y gastric bypass remains the most effective surgical treatment option in this population, due to its consistent benefits in both weight loss and GERD itself. This article aims to review the impact of both conservative and aggressive approaches of obesity treatment on GERD.

关键词： Obesity Gastroesophageal reflux disease Fundoplication Sleeve gastrectomy Gastric banding Gastric bypass

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Behavioral evidence for contextual olfactory-mediated avoidance of the ubiquitous phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea by Drosophila suzukii

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 771-779页

作者： Dong H.Cha Stephen P.Hesler Gabrielle Brind'Amour Karen S.Wentworth Sara villani Kerik D.Cox Matthew T.Boucher Anna Wallingford Shinyoung K.Park Jan Nyrop Gregory M.Loeb USDA-ARS US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterHiloHawaiiUSA Department of Entomology Cornell AgriTechCornell UniversityGenevaNew YorkUSA Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section Cornell AgriTechCornell UniversityGenevaNew YorkUSA

Herbivorous insects may benefit from avoiding the smell produced by phytopathogens infecting plant host tissue if the infected tissue reduces insect ***,in many cases the same species of phytopathogen can also infect host plant tissues that do not directly affect herbivore ***,insects may benefit from differentiating between pathogen odors emanating from food and nonfood *** is based on the hypothesis that unecessarily staying attentive to pathogen odor from nonfood tissue may incur opportunity costs associated with not responding to other important survival *** this study adults of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura,an invasive larval frugivore,showed reduced attraction to the odor of raspberry fruit,a food tissue,when infected with Botrytis cinerea Pers.,a ubiquitous phytopathogen,in favor of odors of uninfected raspberry ***,*** oviposited fewer eggs on infected raspberry fruit relative to uninfected raspberry *** survival and adult size after eclosion were significantly reduced when reared on ***-infected raspberry relative to uninfected ***,when the behavioral choice experiment was repeated using Botrytis-infected vsuninfected strawberry leaves,a nonfood tissue,in combination with fresh raspberry fruit,odor from ***-infected leaves did not reduce *** attraction to raspberries rel-ative to raspberries with uninfected *** behavioral results illustrate the important role context can play in odor-mediated interactions between insects,plants and *** discuss implications of our findings for developing a repellent that can be useful for the management of ***.

关键词： chemical ecology host finding behavior insect-microbe interactions pest management repellent semiochemicals

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Microbial Carbon, Mineral-N and Soil Nutrients in Indigenous Agroforestry Systems and Other Land Use in the upper Solimões Region, Western Amazonas State, Brazil

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第7期8卷 657-674页

作者： Fernanda Tunes villani Gyovanni Augusto Aguiar Ribeiro Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque villani Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira Robert Miller Sonia Sena Alfaia Departamento de Química e Meio Ambiente Instituto Federal de Educa&#231 o Ciência e Tecnologia Manaus Brazil Universidade Federal de Viç osa Vi&#231 osa Brazil Departamento de Solos Embrapa Solos Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Departamento de Ciência do Solo Universidade Federal de Lavras Lavras Brazil United Nations Development Program Brasília Brazil Coordenaç o de Tecnologia e Inovaç o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz&#212 nia Manaus Brazil

Slash and burn cultivation systems carried out by many farmers in the Amazon region lead to changes in biogeochemical cycles of nutrients. To assess the extent of the impact of shifting cultivation on the soil in a floodplain portion of this region, samples of an Inceptisol surface layer (0 - 5 cm) under primary forest (FP), secondary forest at an advanced stage of recovery (FS), secondary forest at an initial stage of recovery (CAP), agroforestry (SAF), plantations (R?) in indigenous communities and small farmers, and pasture (PAS) in the Upper Solim?es region, Amazonas, were subjected to analysis of chemical composition during the wet (May) and dry (October) seasons, 2007. Soils were fertile with levels of P, K, Ca and Mg above those generally found in Amazon soils. Microbial content did not vary significantly in the systems studied in the wet season, but there was a reduction of around 60% with the change of season, except for soils with SAF. Ammonium nitrogen was predominant in all systems and seasons studied. Nitrate content was higher in R? soil, in two seasons, and lower in PAS. The type of management adopted by farmers in the region’s indigenous agroforestry systems resulted in small changes in P, K, Mg, MBC and mineral-N levels, independent of soil moisture.

关键词： Traditional Agriculture Soil Management Primary and Secondary Forests Pasture Inceptisol

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Inhibiting WNT secretion reduces high bone mass caused by Sost loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in Lrp5

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骨研究:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 595-606页

作者： cassandra R.Diegel Ina Kramer Charles Moes Gabrielle E.Foxa Mitchell J.McDonald Zachary B.Madaj Sabine Guth Jun Liu Jennifer L.Harris Michaela Kneissel Bart O.Williams Department of Cell Biology Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Oncology Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchSan DiegoCA 92121USA

Proper regulation of Wnt signaling is critical for normal bone development and *** in several Wnt signaling components,which increase the activity of the pathway in the skeleton,cause high bone mass in human subjects and mouse *** bone mass is often accompanied by severe headaches from increased intracranial pressure,which can lead to fatality and loss of vision or hearing due to the entrapment of cranial *** addition,progressive forehead bossing and mandibular overgrowth occur in almost all *** that would provide symptomatic relief in these subjects are ***-mediated palmitoylation is necessary for Wnt secretion and binding to the frizzled *** inhibition of porcupine is a highly selective method of Wnt signaling *** treated three different mouse models of high bone mass caused by aberrant Wnt signaling,including homozygosity for loss-of-function in Sost,which models sclerosteosis,and two strains of mice carrying different point mutations in Lrp5(equivalent to human G171V and A214V),at 3 months of age with porcupine inhibitors for 5–6 *** significantly reduced both trabecular and cortical bone mass in all three *** demonstrates that porcupine inhibition is potentially therapeutic for symptomatic relief in subjects who suffer from these disorders and further establishes that the continued production of Wnts is necessary for sustaining high bone mass in these models.

关键词： homeostasis function mass

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Postpartum intrauterine device contraception: A review

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第1期5卷 134-139页

作者： Shadi Rezai Pameela Bisram Hasan Nezam Ray Mercado cassandra E Henderson Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center St.George’s University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toledo Medical Center

AIM： To review the safety （infection, perforation） and efficacy （expulsion, continuation rates, pregnancy） of intrauterine device （IUD） insertion in the postpartum period. METHODS： MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies of IUD insertions at different times during the postpartum period. Time of insertion during the postpartum period was documented speci-fically, immediate post placenta period （within 10 min）, early post placenta period （10 min to 72 h）, and de-layed/interval period （greater than 6 wk）. Other study variables included mode of delivery, vaginal vs cesarean, manual vs use of ring forceps to insert the IUD. RESULTS： IUD insertion in the immediate postpartum （within 10 min of placental delivery）, early postpartum （10 min up to 72 h） and Interval/Delayed （6 wk onward） were found to be safe and effcacious. Expulsion rates were found to be highest in the immediate postpartum groups ranging from 14% to 27%. Immediate post placental insertion found to have expulsion rates that ranged from 3.6% to 16.2%. Expulsion rate was significantly higher after insertion following vaginal vs cesarean delivery. The rates of infection, perforation and unplanned pregnancy following postpartum IUD insertion are low. Method of insertion such as with ring forceps, by hand, or another placement method unique to the type of IUD did not show any signifcant difference in expulsion rates. Uterine perforations are highest in the delayed/interval IUD insertion *** duration and infant development are not affected by delayed/interval insertion of the non-hormonal （copper） IUD or the Levonorgestrel IUD. Timing of the Levonorgestrel IUD insertion may affect breastfeeding. CONCLUSION： IUD insertion is safe and efficacious during the immediate postpartum, early postpartum and delayed postpartum periods. Expulsion rates are highest after vaginal delivery and when inserted during the immediate post

关键词： Access to intrauterine devices Contra-ception Expulsion Intrauterine device Long acting reversible contraception Postpartum contraception Postpartum intrauterine device Postpartum intrauterine device placement Post-placental insertion

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Vaginal Cellular Angiofibroma with Heavy Bleeding: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第11期10卷 1609-1615页

作者： Anh Q. Nguyen cassandra L. Presti Graham Nelsen Francine McLeod Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Inova Fairfax Hospital Falls Church VA USA Department Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of Virginia Inova Campus Falls Church VA USA

Cellular angiofibroma is a rare mesenchymal tumor that most commonly presents as an asymptomatic well-circumscribed mass in the vulva. Very few cases have been found in the vagina and even fewer presented with vaginal bleeding. A 54-year-old female presented to the emergency department with five months of vaginal bleeding and symptomatic anemia requiring blood transfusion. Upon physical examination, she was found to have a firm 4 cm posterior vaginal mass, distinctly distal to the cervix. The mass was resected and diagnosed as a vaginal cellular angiofibroma on pathologic evaluation. The patient did well post-operatively with recommended follow-up every six months. The common differential diagnosis for a bleeding vaginal mass includes leiomyoma, angiofibroblastoma, aggressive angiomyxoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. In this case, cellular angiofibroma presented as a vaginal mass with heavy bleeding leading to severe anemia. Early involvement of gynecologic oncology can help to optimize patients’ evaluation and management.

关键词： Vaginal Cellular Angiofibroma Vaginal Tumor Vaginal Bleeding

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Expression of Six Chloroplast Genes in <i>Jatropha curcas</i>Callus under Light and Dark Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第5期2卷 650-656页

作者： Wilson Thau Lym Yong cassandra Sze Yii Chew Kenneth Francis Rodrigues 不详

The induction of genes encoded in the open reading frames (ORFs) of chloroplast genomes have been posited to be influenced by ambient light condition. The current study focused on determining which of the six ORFs, encoding the genes ycf 1, ycf 2, psbD (photosystem II), rbcl (Rubisco), matK (Maturase K) and rpoC1 (RNA polymerase) were influenced by light. Characterization of gene expression at the whole plant level and callus stage facilitates the identification of transcripts which are differentially regulated under these environmental conditions. Specificity of these primers was tested against genomic DNA and total RNA. Transcripts of six targeted genes were detected in all three replicates of the green and white callus under light and dark conditions, except for ycf 2 gene in green callus under light. The result showed that a partial transcript of the gene ycf 2 located on the J. curcas chloroplast genome was not detectable using reverse transcription PCR. This finding was then validated using quantitative real-time PCR. The gene was suspected to be post-transcriptionally modified. The transcripts of the remaining five ORFs could be detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Specific transcripts can be identified for application as biomarkers for selection of callus for plantlet regeneration.

关键词： Chloroplast DNA Gene Expression Jatropha curcas Post-Transcriptional Modification

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