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Smarter in the city?Lizards from urban and semi-natural habitats do not differ in a cognitive task in two syntopic species

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 361-370页

作者： Isabel Damas-Moreira Birgit Szabo Georgios Drosopoulos carolin Stober Duje Lisičić Barbara A.Caspers Department of Behavioural Ecology Bielefeld University33615Germany Division of Behavioural Ecology University of Bern3032Switzerland Department of Biology University of Zagreb10000Croatia Joint Institute of Individualisation in a Changing Environment(JICE) University of Münster and Bielefeld University33615Germany

Urbanization occurs at a global scale,imposing dramatic and abrupt environmental changes that lead to biodiversity ***,some animal species can handle these changes,and thrive in such artifcial *** possible explanation is that urban individuals are equipped with better cognitive abilities,but most studies have focused on birds and mammals and yielded varied *** have received much less attention,despite some lizard species being common city *** Italian wall lizard,Podarcis siculus,and the common wall lizard,Podarcis muralis,are two successful lizards in anthropogenic habitats that thrive in urban *** test for differences in a cognitive skill between urban and semi-natural environments,we investigated inhibitory control through a detour task in syntopic populations of the two species,across 249 lizards that were tested in partially artifcial feld *** inhibitory control is considered essential for higher degrees of cognitive fexibility and other higher-level cognitive *** this task,we confronted lizards with a transparent barrier,separating them from a desired shelter area that they could only reach by controlling their impulse to go straight and instead detour the *** found no differences between lizards in urban and semi-natural environments,nor between species,but females overall performed better than ***,48%of the lizards in our study did not perform a correct trial in any of the 5 trials,hinting at the diffculty of the task for these *** study is among the frst to address lizard cognition,through their inhibitory control,as a potential explanation for success in cities and highlights one should be careful with assuming that urban animals generally have enhanced cognitive performance,as it might be taxa,task,or condition dependent.

关键词： Podarcis siculus Podarcis muralis Behavior Cognition Detour task Reptile.

Autonomous VR Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders Using Conversational AI—Ethical and Technical Implications and Preliminary Results

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第4期12卷 111-138页

作者： David Obremski carolin Wienrich Psychology of Intelligent Interactive Systems University of W&#252rzburg W&#252rzburg Germany

The need for psychotherapy is very high and the lack of care causes a lot of suffering and high costs. This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach to creating an AI-guided exposure therapy for fear of heights in virtual reality (VR). First, ethical principles for the use of conversational AI in psychotherapy were translated into technical requirements and made measurable. Based on this, an autonomous virtual reality exposure therapy was iteratively developed with a therapist. The feasibility and implementation of the ethical principles were tested with a patient. The patient was very satisfied with the VR setup. The AI therapist was also rated positively, although there is still room for improvement regarding conversational skills. Overall, the paper shows how AI can contribute responsibly to improving the psycho-therapeutic supply. It also provides guidelines that make ethical principles tangible and measurable for developers.

关键词： AI Therapy Psychotherapy Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Ca^(2+) binding to the C_(2)E domain of otoferlin is required for hair cell exocytosis and hearing

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Protein & Cell 2024年第4期15卷 305-312页

作者： Han Chen Mehar Monga Qinghua Fang Loujin Slitin Jakob Neef Shashank S.Chepurwar Regina Célia Mingroni Netto Karina Lezirovitz Alfredo Tabith,Jr. Fritz Benseler Nils Brose Kathrin Kusch carolin Wichmann Nicola Strenzke Barbara Vona Julia Preobraschenski Tobias Moser Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Collaborative Research Center 889 University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences Biophysics and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Biochemistry of Membrane Dynamics Group Institute for Auditory NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Auditory Systems Physiology Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-TroncoInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia/LIM32 Faculdade de MedicinaHospital das ClínicasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSP 05508-220Brazil DERDIC Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São PauloSão Paulo 05508-220Brazil Department of Molecular Neurobiology Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences37075 GöttingenGermany Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence(MBExC) University of Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Functional Auditory Genomics Group Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate Center37077 GöttingenGermany Hearing Genomics Group Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany Institute of Human Genetics University Medical Center Göttingen37075 GöttingenGermany

Dear Editor,Afferent synapses of cochlear inner hair cells(IHCs)employ a unique molecular machinery(see extended background in Supplementary Materials).Otoferlin is a key player in this machinery and its defects cause human auditory synaptopathy(Moser and Starr,2016).Otoferlin,a tail-anchored(Vogl et al.,2016)multi-C_(2)-domain protein(Fig.1Ai)specific to hair cells(Roux et al.,2006),is a member of the ferlin protein family involved in membrane trafficking and repair that are of major disease relevance(Pangršičet al.,2012),also see Supplementary *** is distributed broadly within IHCs(Fig.2Ai-Aiii;Pangrsic et al.,2010;Roux et al.,2006).

关键词： auditory hair

In vitro Response of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Titanium Coated Peek Films and Their Suitability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第5期31卷 427-436页

作者： Cindy Elschner carolin Noack carolin PreilBler Andreas Krause Ulrich Scheler Ute Hempel Leibniz-Institut fr Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Str.601069 DresdenGermany CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden Fetscherstr.10501307 DresdenGermany Institut fr Physiologische Chemie Technische Universitt DresdenFiedlerstr.4201307 DresdenGermany NaMlab gGmbH Nthnitzer Str.6401187 DresdenGermany

Medical imaging is an important tool for the post-operative checkup of an accurate position of an implant as well as for monitoring the integration in the adjacent tissue that may influence the success of a medical ***,the possibility to use imaging methods is associated with the implant material and all the established metallic materials for surgery do not show a proper 'imaging compatibility'.The present study is a combined investigation of the in vitro response to human mesenchymal stromal cells（hMSC） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） compatibility of the potential material combination polyetheretherketone/titanium（PEEK/Ti） for medical *** of the advantageous imaging properties and the mechanical and chemical stability,PEEK becomes more and more an alternative to common metallic implant materials like titanium or ***,PEEK is a bioinert material having a limited ability for direct bone *** to its excellent biocompatibility,Ti was chosen as coating material to enhance the cellular *** result is a combination with advantageous properties:the magnetic susceptibility and elastic modulus close to bone,corrosion resistance and mechanical flexibility of PEEK and the excellent biocompatibility of *** appearance of metal-related artifact was discussed in electrical resistivity and magnetic ***,two titanium coatings have been investigated:a complete coating and a structured surface avoiding surface *** determine the in vitro biocompatibility,the cell responses were assessed in terms of the overall morphology of the hMSC and their cell area distribution,proliferation,osteogenic differentiation and mineral *** cellular stress was evaluated by the prostaglandin *** bonded materials both produced no disturbing artifacts in magnetic resonance *** to the pure PEEK material,the titanium coated specimens showed an enhanced biocompatibilit

关键词： Polyetheretherketone Titanium coating Biocompatibi

Classical and non-classical MHC I molecule manipulation by human cytomegalovirus： so many targets--but how many arrows in the quiver？

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 139-153页

作者： Anne Halenius carolin Gerke Hartmut Hengel Institute of Virology University Medical Center Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Major mechanisms for the recognition of pathogens by immune cells have evolved to employ classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I （MHC I） molecules. Classical MHC I molecules present antigenic peptide ligands on infected cells to CD8＋ T cells, whereas a key function for non-classical MHC I molecules is to mediate inhibitory or activating stimuli in natural killer （NK） cells. The structural diversity of MHC I puts immense pressure on persisting viruses, including cytomegaloviruses. The very large coding capacity of the human cytomegalovirus allows it to express a whole arsenal of immunoevasive factors assigned to individual MHC class I targets. This review summarizes achievements from more than two decades of intense research on how human cytomegalovirus manipulates MHC I molecules and escapes elimination by the immune system.

关键词： antigen presentation CD8+ T cells NK cells human cytomegalovirus immune evasion KIR

Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第32期13卷 4287-4294页

作者： Rudolf E Stauber carolin Lackner Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of GrazGrazAustria Institute of Pathology Medical University of GrazGrazAustria

Assessment of hepatic fibrosis is important for determining prognosis,guiding management decisions,and monitoring disease. Histological evaluation of liver biopsy specimens is currently considered the reference test for staging hepatic fibrosis. Since liver biopsy carries a small but significant risk,noninvasive tests to assess hepatic fibrosis are desirable. This editorial gives an overview on noninvasive methods currently available to determine hepatic fibrosis and their diagnostic accuracy for predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. Based on available data,the performance of simple tests derived from routine laboratory parameters appears to be similar to that of more complex and expensive fibrosis panels. Transient elastography seems more accurate than blood tests for diagnosing cirrhosis.

关键词： Noninvasive fibrosis tests Significant fibrosis Cirrhosis Biomarkers Transient elastography

Colorectal cancer screening by non-invasive metabolic biomarker fecal tumor M2-PK

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第43期12卷 7007-7011页

作者： carolin Tonus Gero Neupert Markus Sellinger Herz-Jesu-Hospital Surgical Clinic Buttlarstr. 74 Fulda 36039 Germany Offenbach Municipal Hospital Surgical Clinic Starkenburgring 66 Offenbach 63069 Germany Medical Practice for Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rheing?nheimer Str. 121 Ludwigshafen 67065 Germany

AIM: To evaluate the utility of the innovative fecal tumor M2-Pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) test in our daily clinical routine, as a marker for the pre-selection of patients who should subsequently undergo colonoscopy for the diagnosis or exclusion of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Fecal tumor M2-PK was measured in stool samples of 96 study participants (33 patients with colorectal cancer, 21 patients with rectal carcinoma and 42 controls) who all underwent total colonoscopy. RESULTS: In 39 of 42 individuals in the control group, fecal tumor M2-PK was below 4.0 kU/L (93% specificity). Colorectal tumors were accompanied by a highly significant increase (P < 0.001) in fecal tumor M2- PK levels (median: colon carcinoma, 23.1 kU/L; rectal carcinoma, 6.9 kU/L; colorectal carcinoma, 14.7 kU/L), which correlated with Duke’s staging and T-classification. The overall sensitivity was 78% for colorectal cancer, increasing from 60% for stage T1 to 100% for stage T4 and from 60% for Duke’s A to 90% for Duke’s D tumors. CONCLUSION: Fecal tumor M2-PK is an appropriately sensitive tool to pre-select those patients requiring colonoscopy for the further diagnostic confirmation or exclusion of colorectal cancer.

关键词： Tumor M2-Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate kinasetype M2 Colon cancer Rectal cancer Adenoma Feces Cancer screening

Faecal pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 for colorectal cancer screening:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第30期18卷 4004-4011页

作者： carolin Tonus Markus Sellinger Konrad Koss Gero Neupert Asklepios Hospital North General and Visceral Surgery22417 HamburgGermany Medical Practice for Gastroenterology Lusanum 67061 LudwigshafenGermany Department of Gastroenterology Macclesfield District General HospitalMacclesfieldCheshire SK10 3BLUnited Kingdom

AIM:To present a critical discussion of the efficacy of the faecal pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2(faecal M2-PK) test for colorectal cancer(CRC) screening based on the currently available ***:A literature search in PubMed and Embase was conducted using the following search terms:fecal Tumor M2-PK,faecal Tumour M2-PK,fecal M2-PK,faecal M2-PK,fecal pyruvate kinase,faecal pyruvate kinase,pyruvate kinase stool and M2-PK ***:Stool samples from 704 patients with CRC and from 11 412 healthy subjects have been investigated for faecal M2-PK concentrations in seventeen independent *** mean faecal M2-PK sensitivity was 80.3%;the specificity was 95.2%.Four studies compared faecal M2-PK head-to-head with guaiacbased faecal occult blood test(gFOBT).Faecal M2PK demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.1%,whereas the gFOBT detected only 36.9% of the *** independent studies investigated the sensitivity of faecal M2-PK for adenoma(n = 554),with the following sensitivities:adenoma 1 cm:44%;adenoma of unspecified diameter:51%.In a direct comparison with gFOBT of adenoma > 1 cm in diameter,47% tested positive with the faecal M2-PK test,whereas the gFOBT detected only 27%.CONCLUSION:We recommend faecal M2-PK as a routine test for CRC *** M2-PK closes a gap in clinical practice because it detects bleeding and nonbleeding tumors and adenoma with high sensitivity and specificity.

关键词： Faecal pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 Colorectal cancer screening Colorectal cancer Stool Faecal occult blood Adenoma Polyps

Updating digital elevation models via change detection and fusion of human and remote sensor data in urban environments

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第2期8卷 153-171页

作者： carolin Klonner Christopher Barron Pascal Neis Bernhard Hofle Department of Geography University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

OpenStreetMap(OSM)currently represents the most popular project of Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI):geodata are collected by common people and made available for public *** Laser Scanning(ALS)enables the acquisition of high-resolution digital elevation models that are used for many *** study combines the advantages of both ALS and OSM,offering a promising new approach that enhances data quality and allows change detection:the mainly up-to-date 2D data of OSM can be combined with the high-resolution–but rarely updated–elevation information provided by *** case study investigates building objects of OSM and ALS data of the city of Bregenz,*** quality of OSM is discerned by the comparison of building footprints using different true positive definitions(*** area).High quality of OSM data is revealed,yet also limitations of each method with respect to heterogeneous regions and building outlines are *** the first time,an up-to-date Digital Surface Model(DSM)combining 2D OSM and ALS data is achieved.A multitude of applications such as flood simulations and solar potential assessments can directly benefit from this data combination,since their value and reliability strongly depend on an up-to-date DSM.

关键词： OpenStreetMap airborne laser scanning change detection 3D modelling up-to-date digital surface models