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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest change

Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.Chapman carmen Galan-Acedo Jan F.Gogarten Rong Hou Michael J.lawes Patrick A.Omeja Dipto Sarkar Anna Sugiyama Urs Kalbitzer Department of Anthropology Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort PortalUganda Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Background:Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate ***,the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly *** is in large part due to the lack of long-term data on forest change and changes in ***:We quantify changes in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale National Park,*** tested five ***,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest ***,based on an evaluation of life history strategies,we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written ***,based on a 50-year climate record,we evaluate the possible influence of climate change on forest ***:More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness remained similar,but diversity declined as the number of dominant species *** increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this had not significant effect on forest changes measured *** average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 1.05℃ over 50 *** abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of *** the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were *** predicted,light-demanding species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from Kibale being disturbed prior to historical ***,while temperature increased over the 50 years,w

关键词： Climate change Elephants Succession Primates Disturbance Forest regeneration

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C-reactive protein is differentially modulated by co-existing infections,vitamin deficiencies and maternal factors in pregnant and lactating indigenous Panamanian women

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 819-832页

作者： Doris Gonzalez-Fernandez Emerita del carmen Pons Delfina Rueda Odalis Teresa Sinisterra Enrique Murillo Marilyn E.Scott Kristine G.Koski School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition Macdonald Campus of McGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X 3V9Canada Department of Nutritional Health Ministry of HealthAnconPanama CityPanama “Comarca Ngabe-Bugle”Health Region Ministry of HealthSan FelixChiriqui ProvincePanama “Panama Norte”Health Region Ministry of HealthLas Cumbres SquareTransithmian HighwayPanama CityPanama Department of Biochemistry University of PanamaSimon Bolivar Avenue(Transithmian Highway)Panama CityPanama Department of Biochemistry University of PanamaManuel Espinoza Batista and Jose De Fabrega AvenuesPanama CityPanama Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions Macdonald Campus of McGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X 3 V9Canada School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions Macdonald CampusMcGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X 3 V9Canada

Background:The usefulness of C-reactive protein(CRP)as a non-specific marker of inflammation during pregnancy and lactation is unclear in impoverished populations where co-existing infections and vitamin deficiencies are ***:This cross-sectional study in Panama recruited 120 pregnant and 99 lactating Ngäbe-Buglewomen from 14 communities in rural *** history,indoor wood smoke exposure,fieldwork,BMI,vitamins A,B_(12),D,and folic acid,and inflammation markers(CRP,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NlR),plateletcrit and cytokines)were *** regressions explored both associations of CRP with other inflammatory markers and associations of CRP and elevated CRP based on trimester-specific cut-offs with maternal factors,infections and vitamin ***:CRP was higher in pregnancy(51.4±4.7 nmol/l)than lactation(27.8±3.5 nmol/l)and was elevated above trimester specific cut-offs in 21%of pregnant and 30%of lactating *** deficiencies were common(vitamin A 29.6%;vitamin D 68.5%;vitamin B1268%;folic acid 25.5%)and over 50%of women had two or more concurrent deficiencies as well as multiple *** regression models highlighted differences in variables associated with CRP between pregnancy and *** pregnancy,CRP was positively associated with greater indoor wood smoke exposure,caries and hookworm and negatively associated with Ascaris and vaginal lactobacillus and Bacteroides/Gardnerella *** with this,greater wood smoke exposure,caries as well as higher diplococcal infection score increased the odds of trimester-elevated CRP concentrations whereas longer gestational age lowered the likelihood of a trimester-elevated *** lactation,folic acid deficiency was associated with higher CRP whereas parity,number of eosinophils and Mobiluncus score were associated with lower ***,a higher BMI and Trichomonas vaginalis score increased the likelihood of an elevated CRP whereas higher parity and numbe

关键词： CRP Intestinal parasites Caries Vaginal infections Folic acid deficiency Wood smoke Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio Plateletcrit Pregnancy lactation

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Aggregation properties of a therapeutic peptide for rheumatoid arthritis:A spectroscopic and molecular dynamics study

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ChemPhysMater 2022年第1期1卷 62-70页

作者： Rita Cimino Marco Savioli Noemi Ferrante Carrante Ernesto Placidi Hilda Garay-Perez Matilde lópez-Abad Alexis Musacchio lasa Maria Del carmen Domínguez-Horta Emanuela Gatto Francesca Cavalieri Gianfranco Bocchinfuso Mariano Venanzi PEPSA-lAB Department of Chemical Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Rome Tor VergataVia della Ricerca Scientifica 100133RomeItaly Department of Physics University of Rome‘Sapienza’P.le A.Moro 500185 RomeItaly Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology PO Box 616210600HavanaCuba School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3001Australia

The biological properties of therapeutic peptides,such as their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,are correlated with their structure and aggregation ***,we studied the aggregation properties of a therapeutic peptide(CIGB-814),currently in phase 2 clinical trial,for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis over a wide range of concentrations(μM-mM).We applied spectroscopic techniques(fluorescence,circular dichro-ism,resonance,and dynamic light scattering),atomic force microscopy,and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the aggregation mechanism of *** found that the hierarchical aggregation of CIGB-814 at micromolar concentrations was initiated by the formation of peptide ***,the peptide oligomers trigger the nucleation and growth of peptide nanostructures(cac=123μM),ultimately leading to the fibrillization of CIGB-814(cac’=508μM).These results pave the way for a deeper understanding of the CIGB-814 therapeutic activity and may give important insights on its pharmacokinetics.

关键词： Molecular dynamics of peptide oligomers Peptide aggregation Peptide fibrils Peptide nanostructures Therapeutic peptides Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

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Complexation of Eugenol(EG),as Main Component of Clove Oil and as Pure Compound,withβ-and HP-β-CDs

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 716-723页

作者： Pilar Hernández-Sánchez Santiago lópez-Miranda carmen lucas-Abellán Estrella Núnez-Delicado Departament of Food Technology and Nutrition Catholic University of San AntonioMurciaSpain.

Eugenol, both in its pure form (EG) and included in essential clove oil (CO) was successfully solubilized in aqueous solution by forming inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) and its modified hydroxy-propyl-β-CDs (HP-β-CDs). To investigate the molecular association between β-CDs/HP-β-CDs with pure EG and essential CO, phase solubility studies were undertaken. Essential CO formed insoluble complexes with β-CDs, but not with HP-β-CDs. The work clearly demonstrates complexes formation follow an order higher than 1:1 when high essential CO and β-CDs concentrations were used, however it was 1:1 in the case of essential CO-HP-β-CDs complexes. When pure EG was studied the results indicated that EG could form 1:1 inclusion complexes with β-CDs and HP-β-CDs. Based on the studies, the Kc values for pure EG were 4555 ± 225 M-1 and 10,633 ± 614 M-1 for β-CDs and HP-β-CDs, respectively, and 2005 ± 199 M-1 for essential CO-HP-β-CDs. These finding indicate that CDs are suitable for encapsulating EG.

关键词： Eugenol Essential Clove Oil β-CDs HP-β-CDs

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Growth of Four Varieties of Barley(Hordeum vulgare l.)in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Their Effects on Some Physiological Traits

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 1799-1810页

作者： Agueda González M.carmen lobo Instituto Madrileno de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y AlimentaciónMadridSpain

To evaluate the effect of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) on growth and selected physiological traits in barley, a greenhouse trial was performed using four barley varieties that were exposed to different concentration of these metals. The parameters quantified were growth, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence during three phenological stages: flag leaf, anthesis, and grain filling. The metal concentrations in both the plant and soil were also quantified. We determined that the varieties studied were more tolerant to Zn and Cd than to Cr. Treatment with Zn did not negatively affect growth, and only high concentrations of Cd decreased growth by approximately 4% to 8%. Plants treated with the highest Cr concentration stopped growing at the flag leaf stage. The amount of metal that accumulated in the plant increased with increasing metal concentration, and the highest amount of accumulated metal was recorded in the root and shoot. Both the plant height and dry weight were higher in the CB502 variety plants, followed by the Reinette, Pedrezuela, and Plaisant varieties. The same trend was observed for the chlorophyll content and fluorescence, with a significant correlation between the growth parameters and chlorophyll content (p ley has variability in the studied traits.

关键词： Growth Heavy Metal Barley Chlorophyll Content

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Human CD4 ＋ effector T lymphocytes generated upon TCR engagement with self-peptides respond defectively to Il-7 in their transition to memory cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第3期10卷 261-274页

作者： Gabriela Gonzalez-Perez Norma C Segovia Amaranta Rivas-Carvalho Diana P Reyes Honorio Torres-Aguilar Sergio R Aguilar-Ruiz Claudine Irles Gloria Soldevila carmen Sainchez-Torres 1Department of Molecular Biomedicine Centre de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (CINVESTAV-IPN) Mexico City Mexico Department of Physiology Facultad de Medicina Mexico City Mexico Department of Immunology Institute de Investigaciones Biomedicas Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) Mexico City Mexico

The peripheral repertoire of CD4＋ T lymphocytes contains autoreactive cells that remain tolerant through several mechanisms. However, nonspecific CD4＋ T cells can be activated in physiological conditions as in the course of an ongoing immune response, and their outcome is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigate the fate of human naive CD4＋ lymphocytes activated by dendritic cells （DCs） presenting endogenous self-peptides in comparison with lymphocytes involved in alloresponses. We generated memory cells （Tmem） from primary effectors activated with mature autologous DCs plus interleukin （Il）-2 （Tmauto）, simulating the circumstances of an active immune response, or allogeneic DCs （Tmallo）. Tmem were generated from effector cells that were rested in the absence of antigenic stimuli, with or without Il-7. Tmem were less activated than effectors （demonstrated by CD25 downregulation） particularly with Il-7, suggesting that this cytokine may favour the transition to quiescence. Tmauto and TmaHo showed an effector memory phenotype, and responded similarly to polyclonal and antigen-specific stimuli. Biochemically, Il-7-treated Tma^o were closely related to conventional memory lymphocytes based on Erk-l/2 activation, whereas Tmauto were more similar to effectors. Autologous effectors exhibited lower responses to Il-7 than allogeneic cells, which were reflected in their reduced proliferation and higher cell death. This was not related to Il-7 receptor expression but rather to signalling deficiencies, according to STAT5 activation These results suggest that ineffective responses to Il-7 could impair the transition to memory cells of naive CD4＋ T lymphocytes recognizing self-peptides in the setting of strong costimulation.

关键词： human CD4+ T cells Il-7 memory self-peptides

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Silent diabetic nephropathy

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World Journal of Nephrology 2014年第1期3卷 6-15页

作者： Katia lópez-Revuelta Patricia Pea Galdo Ramona Stanescu leticia Parejo carmen Guerrero Elia Pérez-Fernández Unidad de Nefrología Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón 28922 Madrid Spain Unidad de AnatomíaPatológica Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón 28922 Madrid Spain Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón 28922 Madrid Spain

AIM： To examine the risk of renal events in patients with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy （DN） and its possible associated ***： Clinical and histological data of 60 pa-tients diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy were retro-spectively collected. Patients with evidence or suspicion of other nephropathies were excluded from the study. The fnal event was defned as renal replacement ther-apy （RRT） initiation or progression of chronic kidney disease （CKD）, according to the KDIGO 2012 defnition of a decrease in CKD category and a decrease in GFR of 25% or more. RESUlTS： A total of 45 patients with a follow-up of at least 3 mo were included. Most of the patients presented type 2 DM, with a mean age of 58.3 years old. The time of evolution of DM was 9.6 ± 7.8 years, al-though in 13 patients, it was less than 5 years. A total of 62% of patients reached the fnal event in a mean period of 3.4 years （95%CI： 2.1-4.7）, with 21 of them requiring dialysis. The factors that were indepen-dently associated with renal survival were estimated glomerular fltration rate （eGFR） at the time of biopsy, cardiovascular disease （CVD） history and HbA1c less than 7%. Therefore, for each 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 reduction in eGFR, we obtained a DN progression risk of HR = 2 （1.3-3.0）（P = 0.001）; patients with CVD were at greater risk for DN progression （HR = 2.8, 1.1-7.1, P = 0.032）, and CKD patients with HbA1c 〈 7% demonstrated greater renal risk than patients with HbA1c ≥ 7%, with an HR of 2.9 （1.0-8.4）（P = 0.054）.CONClUSION： A past history of CVD is a risk fac-tor for DN progression. levels of HbA1c less than 7% could favor an eGFR decrease in these patients.

关键词： Diabetic nephropathy Predictors of progression Histopathological diagnosis Cardiovascular disease Silent disease

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Vigorous,but differential mononuclear cell response of cirrhotic patients to bacterial ligands

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第10期17卷 1317-1325页

作者： Varenka J Barbero-Becerra María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz carmen Maldonado-Bernal Félix I Téllez-Avila Roberto Alfaro-lara Florencia Vargas-Vorácková Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicasy Nutrición Salvador Zubirán laboratorio de Fisiología Celular División de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosasy Parasitarias Hospital de Pediatría Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez

AIM： To study the role of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the pathogenesis of liver injury, specifically the activation of inflammatory mediators. METHODS： Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 20 out-patients were studied, 10 of them with cirrhosis,Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and exposed to lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid. CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression was determined by flow cytometry, and tumor necrosis factor （TNF） α, interleukin （1l）-1β, Il-6, Il-12 and Il-10 secretion in su- pernatants was determined by ElISA. RESUlTS： Higher CD14, Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression was observed in peripheral blood mononudear cells from cirrhotic patients, （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.006, P 〈 0.111） respectively. lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid induced a further increase in CD14 expression （P 〈 0.111 lipopolysaccharide, P 〈 0.013 lipoteichoic acid）, and a decrease in Toll-like receptor 2 （P 〈 0.008 lipopolysaccharide, P 〈 0.008 lipoteichoic acid） and Toll-like receptor 4 （P 〈 0.008 lipopolysaccharide, P 〈 0.028 li- poteichoic acid） expression. With the exception of TNFα, absolute cytokine secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was lower in cirrhotic patients under nonexposure conditions （P 〈 0.070 Il-6, P 〈 0.009 Il-1]5, P 〈 0.022 Il-12）. Once exposed to lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid, absolute cytokine secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was similar in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients, determining a more vigorous response in the former （P 〈 0.005 TNFα, Il-1β, Il-6, Il-2 and Il-10 lipopolysaccharide; P 〈 0.037 TNFα; P 〈 0.006 Il-113; P 〈 0.005 Il-6; P 〈 0.007 Il-12; P 〈 0.014 Il-10 lipoteichoic acid）. Response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was more intense after lipopolysaccharide than after lipoteichoic acid exposure. CONClUSION： Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cirrhotic patients are able to respond to a sudden bacterial ligand exposure, particularly lipopolysaccharide, sugg

关键词： liver cirrhosis Toll-like receptors Cytokines lipopolysaccharide lipoteichoic acid

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Influence of Follicular Fluid on <i>in Vitro</i>Maturation and Fertilization of Bovine Oocytes

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2022年第1期12卷 118-128页

作者： Ignacio Covelo Marcos Alejandro Puente carmen Mabel Tartaglione laboratory of Animal Reproduction National University of Lomas de Zamora Buenos Aires Argentina

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and of the addition of follicular fluid on meiotic progression. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from 3 to 6 mm follicles were obtained from ovaries of slaughtered female animals. The medium of maturation was supplemented or not with 20 μL follicular fluid (FF);661 oocytes were matured in vitro (extrusion of the first polar corpuscle) for 22 hours with added follicular fluid (AFF) (72.01%) or without follicular fluid (WFF) (67.53%) and 679 oocytes were matured in vitro for 26 hours (extrusion of the first polar corpuscle) with AFF (92.1%) and WFF (77.15%). The results of extrusion of the second polar corpuscle as an event related to the fertilization percentages showed that the increase in the fertilization rate is maintained at 26 hours with AFF (79.45%), but the percentage decreases WFF (65.08%). After 22 hours, the fertilization rate was 62.38% AFF and 53.40% WFF. The developmental competence of bovine oocytes is affected by the duration of maturation in vitrole="font-family:Verdana;"> and the inclusion in the FF culture medium.

关键词： Oocyte In Vitro Maturation In Vitro Fertilization Follicular Fluid Bovine

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Quality of public space and sustainable development goals:analysis of nine urban projects in Spanish cities

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第3期12卷 477-495页

作者： Raimundo BambóNaya Pablo de la Cal Nicolás carmen Díez Medina Isabel Ezquerra Sergio García-Pérez Javier Monclús Departamento de Arquitectura Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Patrimonio y Humanidades(IPH) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain

The starting point of this research is the urban model promoted by the United Nations through the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).The importance of public spaces is especially highlighted in Goal 11.7:“provide universal access to safe,inclusive,and accessible,green,and public spaces.”The quality of public spaces can be properly assessed by reconsidering the quality indicators and investigating their development potential,which is the main focus of our *** study is based on a theoretical and methodological reflection on the quality of public space,considering the contributions of some contemporary urban traditions and a few recent *** this perspective,a variety of public space projects developed in the European sphere have been selected and *** quality parameters identified in this initial analysis were then applied to the analysis of nine representative case studies in three Spanish cities(Madrid,Barcelona,and Zaragoza).The main goal is to propose a methodology that helps to evaluate the quality of those public spaces and determine its relationship with the safety,accessibility,and inclusiveness conditions they offer.

关键词： Safety Inclusiveness Accessibility Design strategy Urban project

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