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Simulation of catalytic upgrading in cAPRI,an add-on process to novel in-situ combustion,THAI

Petroleum Research 2022年第3期7卷 297-307页

作者： Muhammad Rabiu ado Malcolm Greaves Sean PRigby Department of chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityP.o.Box:380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of chemical Engineering University of BathClaverton DownBathBA27AYUK

Based on the analysis of recent projections by the International Energy Agency(IEA),to meet the growing and subsequently declining demands of oil from now to 2040,we need up to around 770 billion barrels of *** the worldwide total proved reserves of easy-and-cheaper-to-produce conventional oils is roughly only 520.2 billion barrels,the remaining 249.8 billion barrels must be obtained from unconventional petroleum resources(*** oils and bitumen).These resources are however very difficult and costly to upgrade and produce due to their inherently high asphaltene contents which are reflected in their very high viscosities and large ***,still they should prove attractive development prospects if,as much as practicably possible,their upgrading can be performed in conjunction with in situ or downhole catalytic upgrading *** projects will contribute significantly towards smoother and greener transition to full *** technologies,such as the toe-to-heel air injection coupled to its add-on in situ catalytic process(***-cAPRI processes),have the potential to develop these reserves,but require further developmental understanding to realise their full *** this work,a new detailed procedure for numerically simulating the THAI-cAPRI processes is *** numerical model is made-up of Athabasca-type bitumen and it has a horizontal producer(HP)well that is surrounded by an annular layer of alumina-supported cobalt-oxide-molybdenum-oxide(coMo/γ-Al2O3)*** simulation is performed using the computer modelling group(cMG)reservoir simulator,*** new work has shown that the choice of the frequency factor of the catalytic reactions allowed model validation based on the degree of catalytic upgrading in form of API ***,the work herein identifies the important parameters,such as API gravity,peak temperature,oil production rate,cumulative oil production,produced oxygen concentration,temperatur

关键词： Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) In situ combustion(ISc) Reservoir simulation Heavy oil/tar sand/bitumen In situ catalytic upgrading process(cAPRI)

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Numerical simulation investigations of the applicability of THAI in situ combustion process in heavy oil reservoirs underlain by bottom water

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Petroleum Research 2023年第1期8卷 36-43页

作者： Muhammad Rabiu ado Malcolm Greaves Sean P.Rigby Department of chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityP.O.Box:380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of chemical Engineering University of BathClaverton DownBathBA27AYUK

The presence of a bottom water(BW)layer in heavy oil reservoirs can present substantial problems for efficient oil recovery for all recovery ***,it is necessary to know how particular production processes are affected by different BW layer thicknesses,and how standard production procedures can be adapted to handle such ***-to-heel air injection(THAI)is a thermally efficient process,generating in situ energy in the reservoir by burning a fraction of the oil-in-place as coke and has the potential to economically and environmentally friendly work in reservoirs with BW ***,to ascertain that,studies are needed *** are conducted via numerical simulations using commercial reservoir thermal simulator,cMG *** work has shown that the shape of the combustion zone in THAI remains forward-leaning even in the presence of a BW layer,indicating that the process is stable,and that there is no oxygen bypassing of the combustion ***,the oil recovery rate is highly negatively affected by how large the thickness of the BWzone is,and the severity of such effect is determined to be proportional to the thickness of the BW *** study also shows that there is a period of low oil production rate which corresponds to mobilised oil displacement into the BW zone which in turn causes a surge in water production *** practical implication of this is that prolonged period of low oil production rates will expose companies and/or investors to higher risk due to the oil market *** this study,it is also revealed that the height of the mobilised oil that is displaced into the BW zone equates to that of the displaced and replaced water thereby implying that when the BW layer thickness is 50%that of the oil layer(Ol),less than 50%of the mobilised oil will be recovered when the entire reservoir is swept by the combustion ***,conclusively,applying the THAI process in its conventional form in reservoirs containing bott

关键词： In situ combustion(ISc) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Tar sand/heavy oil/bitumen Reservoir simulation Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)

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correlations among large igneous provinces related to the West Gondwana breakup:A geochemical database reappraisal of Early cretaceous plumbing systems

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 181-206页

作者： Antomat A.macêdo Filho Maria Helena B.M.Hollanda Stephen Fraser Alisson l.Oliveira Alanny c.c.Melo Alana R.Dantas Instituto de Geociências Universidade de São Paulo05508-080São PauloBrazil W.H.Bryan Mining&Geology Research centre Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of QueenslandSt Lucia CampusQLD 4072Australia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geodinamica e Geofisica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteCampus Universitário S/NLagoa Nova59078-970 NatalRNBrazil

The opening and spreading of the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and South America evolved during the Early cretaceous and were preceded by dramatic tholeiitic(mafic)magmatism and minor silicic and alkaline *** features are presently recognized from the equatorial regions of Brazil and Africa to the Falklands and South *** southeastern South America,continental flood basalts and related plumbing systems constitute the ParanáMagmatic Province(PMP),whose African counterpart is the Etendeka Magmatic Province(EMP).In northeastern Brazil,dike swarms and sill complexes compose the Equatorial Atlantic Magmatic Province(EQUAMP).As a common feature,these provinces are chemically represented by two prevalent magma types:(1)tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites with lowTi(TiO_(2)lso including transitional Ti tholeiites with TiO_(2)~2.7-1.7 wt.%,and low incompatible element *** type is predominantly found in the southern PMP and EMP,with minor occurrences in the EQUAMP.(2)Tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites with high Ti(TiO_(2)>~2 wt.%)and incompatible element *** Ti tholeiites are relevant in the northern PMP and EMP,and dominant in *** rocks(SiO_(2)=57-65 wt.%)interpreted as byproducts of assimilation and/or fractional crystallization(AFc)processes from high Ti tholeiitic magmas,are scarce(but present)in all three *** accurate analysis of multivariable databases collected from the literature for dikes and sills,including major and trace element and radiogenic isotope data,reveals close similarities in their geochemical *** a paleogeographic reconstruction of West Gondwana,the intrusive remnants of the PMP,EMP and EQUAMP are spread over an area of nearly 10×10^(6)km^(2).forming perhaps the most extensive set of plumbing systems on Earth,with a relatively consistent chronology based on a vast collection of K-Ar and^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar data available in the *** work provides the first c

关键词： lIP-related plumbing systems continental tholeiites Paraná-Etendeka EQUAMP Self-organizing maps

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Effect of operating pressure on the performance of THAI-cAPRI in situ combustion and in situ catalytic process for simultaneous thermal and catalytic upgrading of heavy oils and bitumen

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Petroleum Research 2022年第2期7卷 155-164页

According to the analysis of the 2020 estimates of the International Energy Agency(2020),the world will require up to 770 billion barrels of oil from now to ***,based on the British Petroleum(BP)statistical review of world energy 2020,the world-wide total reserve of the conventional light oil is only 520.2 billion barrels as at the end of *** implies that the remaining 249.8 billion barrels of oil urgently needed to ensure a smooth transition to a decarbonised global energy and economic systems is provided must come from unconventional oils(*** oils and bitumen)*** heavy oils and bitumen are very difficult to produce and the current commercial production technologies have poor efficiency and release large quantities of greenhouse ***,these resources should ideally be upgraded and produced using technologies that have greener *** is where the energy-efficient,environmentally friendly,and self-sustaining THAI-cAPRI coupled in situ combustion and in situ catalytic upgrading process comes ***,the novel THAI-cAPRI process is trialled only once at field and it has not gained wide recognition due to poor understanding of the optimal design parameters and ***,this work reports the first ever results of investigations of the effect of operating pressure on the performance of the THAI-cAPRI *** experimental scale numerical models of the process based on Athabasca tar sand properties were run at pressures of 8000 kPa and 500 kPa respectively using cMG *** study has shown that the higher the operating pressure,the larger the API gravity and the higher the cumulative volume of high-quality oil is produced(i.e.a 2300 cm3 of z24 oAPI oil produced at 8000 kPa versus the 2050 cm3 of z17.5 oAPI oil produced at 500 kPa).The study has further shown that despite presence of annular catalyst layer,the THAI-cAPRI process operates ***,it is found that a more stable and safer operation of th

关键词： Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Reservoir simulation In situ combustion(ISc) Heavy oil/Bitumen/Tar sand In situ catalytic upgrading

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Development of a portable reference aerosol generator （PRAG） for calibration of particle mass concentration measurements

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Particuology 2018年第2期16卷 134-142页

作者： Francois Gaie-levrel Soleiman Bourrous Tatiana macé laboratoire national de metrologie et d'essais (lNE) Chemistry and Biology Division Gas and Aerosol Metrology Department I Rue Caston Boissier 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France Institut de Radioprotection et de SUreté Nucleaire (lRSN) PSNRES SCA Gif-sur-Yvette 91192 France

The tapered element oscillating microbalance with filter dynamics measurement system （TEOM-FDMS） is an instrument commonly employed by the French air quality monitoring network. This instrument is currently calibrated with calibration weights traceable to SI but having value and mass differences between each of them that are not representative of real atmospheric particle mass measurements. Moreover, these calibration weights do not allow detection of any technical problems associated with either the TEOM-FDMS sampling system upstream of the mass measurement or the intrinsic TEOM-FDMS filtration system. Therefore, a calibration method was developed using a portable reference aerosol generator （PRAG） that produces known and stable particle mass concentrations over time. Here, we present the characterization of the PRAG system in terms of a reference range of particle masses between 30 - 10 and 3456 ± 83 μg at three sampling times. Its coupling with the TEOM-FDMS and a global comparison between the defined reference range of particle masses and the measured masses obtained with each TEOM-FDMS implicated in this study are also presented.

关键词： Aerosol Generator Mass concentration Particulate mass calibration TEOM-FDMS

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Parametric study of turbine NGV blade lean and vortex design

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chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第1期29卷 104-116页

作者： Zhang Shaowen David G.mac Manus luo Jianqiao Department of Turbine Design China Aviation Powerplant Research Institute AVIC School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University

The effects of blade lean and vortex design on the aerodynamics of a turbine entry nozzle guide vane （NGV） are considered using computational fluid dynamics. The aim of the work is to address some of the uncertainties which have arisen from previous studies where conflicting results have been reported for the effect on the NGV. The configuration was initially based on the energy efficient engine turbine which also served as the validation case for the computational method. A total of 17 NGV configurations were evaluated to study the effects of lean and vortex design on row efficiency and secondary kinetic energy. The distribution of mass flow ratio is introduced as an additional factor in the assessment of blade lean effects. The results show that in the turbine entry NGV, the secondary flow strength is not a dominant factor that determines NGV losses and therefore the changes of loading distribution due to blade lean and the associated loss mecha- nisms should be regarded as a key factor. Radial mass flow redistribution under different NGV lean and twist is demonstrated as an addition key factor influencin~ row efficiency.

关键词： Blade lean losses Mass flow radial distribu-tion Parametric study Secondary kinetic energy Turbine Vortex design

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Phytochemistry, anti-asthmatic and antioxidant activities of Anchomanes difformis(Blume) Engl. leaf extract

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第3期6卷 225-231页

作者： Ovuakporie-Uvo Oghale mac Donald Idu Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology University of Benin

Objective: To study the phytochemistry, anti-asthmatic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Anchomanes difformis(Blume) Engl.(A. difformis) and to verify claims of use in folk ***: For anti-asthmatic activity, male and female guinea pigs with average body weight of(451.4 ± 118.1) g were divided into six groups of six animals each. Group 1served as control(distilled water); Group 2 was administered with salbutamol(reference drug) only; Group 3 served as ovalbumin sensitized group, Group 4, 5 and 6 were treated with A. difformis extract at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Described methods were used to test fluid viscosity, fluid volume and quantitative phytochemistry analysis. Absorbance was read using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer and results computed in percentage. Total antioxidant assays [2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and lipid peroxidation assay], were carried out using reported ***: The anti-asthmatic evaluation showed that protection from asthma of the animals in Group 6(400 mg/kg, 32.7%) were similar to that in Group 2(salbutamol, 33.0%).Excised trachea was free of mucus secretion in Group 5(200 mg/kg) as was observed in the control group. Fluid volume increase in Groups 3 and 6 indicated mucus *** radical scavenging activity of extract was effective as ascorbic acid which served as standard at 20 mg/m l. But, the extract elicited low lipid peroxidation activity compared with the reference(tocopherol) at concentrations ***: A. difformis aqueous leaf extract is safe and possesses positive antiasthmatic and antioxidant activities as claimed by traditional herbal practitioners in Delta State.

关键词： Anti-asthmatic Anti-oxidant Phytochemistry Anchomanes difformis

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A comprehensive approach for assessing the economic contribution of forage and livestock improvement options to smallholder farming enterprises

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1573-1580页

作者： Neil mac leod Scott Waldron WEN Shi-lin Agriculture Flagship Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) University of Queensland Red Soils Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The importance of livestock production activities to improving the livelihoods of smallholder farming households and the efficiency of their underlying farming systems is increasingly recognized.A rapid increase in livestock numbers, especially beef cattle, and special purpose forages is being promoted for smallholder farms which have traditionally undertaken subsistence cropping activities or simple livestock rearing activities using low quality *** limited plantings of specialized forages combined with a poor knowledge of animal nutrition are a challenge to establishing sustainable livestock enterprises, much public policy and research is now being focused on the use of new forages and improved feeding practices.A number of economic studies have suggested that specialized forage growing and livestock feeding activities can make a positive contribution to smallholder *** studies have typically compared the total level of farm or household income with and without livestock *** attention is given to how much the new forage or livestock activities actually contribute to or draw resources from other farm activities to assess their real economic contribution to the enterprise, and the availability of simple tools to assist in making such assessments are *** paper describes a simple modelling approach that was developed for an Australian centre for International Agricultural Research（AcIAR）-supported project to explore the real as opposed to apparent economic impact of integrating improved forages and livestock within smallholder farming systems in the Red Soils region of south-central *** of the model is demonstrated using a simple case study of a smallholder enterprise that plans to introduce a new beef cattle rearing activity to its existing farm activity *** case study highlights the importance of explicitly valuing transfers of resources between different farm activities to gauge the real contribution o

关键词： smallholder farming systems economics resource transfers opportunity costs economic profit

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Raman scattering study of the phonon dispersion in twisted bilayer graphene

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Nano Research 2013年第4期6卷 269-274页

作者： Jessica campos-Delgado luiz G. cangado carlos A. Achete ado Jorio Jean-Pierre Raskin Institute of Information and communication Technologies Electronics andApplied Mathematics (ICTEAM) Universite catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve 1348 Belgium Departamento de Fisica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Hofizonte MG 30123-970 Brazil Divisao de Metrologia de Materiais Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qua/Made e Tecnologia (INMETRO) Xerem RJ 25250-020 Brazil

Bilayer graphene with a twist angle O between the layers generates a superlattice structure known as a Moir6 pattern. This superlattice provides a O-dependent q wavevector that activates phonons in the interior of the Brillouin zone. Here we show that this superlattice-induced Raman scattering can be used to probe the phonon dispersion in twisted bilayer graphene （tBlG）. The effect reported here is different from the widely studied double-resonance in graphene-related materials in many aspects, and despite the absence of stacking order in tBlG, layer breathing vibrations （namely ZO＇ phonons） are observed.

关键词： twisted bilayer graphene Raman spectroscopy phonon branches

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Genetics of carotenoids for provitamin A biofortification in tropical-adapted maize

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The crop Journal 2016年第4期4卷 313-322页

作者： Alhassan D.Halilu Shehu G.ado Daniel A.Aba Inuwa S.Usman Department of Plant Science Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University

Yellow maize contains high levels of β-carotene(βc), making it an important crop for combating vitamin A deficiency through biofortification. In this study, nine maize inbred lines were selected at random from 31 provitamin A(PVA) maize inbred lines and crossed in a partial diallel mating design to develop 36 crosses. The crosses were evaluated in the field in two locations(Samaru and Kerawa) and their seed carotenoid content were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The modes of gene action, heritability, and correlations between agronomic traits and carotenoid content were estimated. Additive genetic variances(σ~2a) were lower than non-additive genetic variances(σ~2d) for all the carotenoids, plant height(PH), and grain yield(GY), suggesting a preponderance of non-additive gene action. Broad-sense heritability(H^2) was high(H^2> 60%) for zeaxanthin,days to anthesis, and PH, moderate(30% lutein and GY, and low(H^2lpha carotene, beta cryptoxanthin, βc, and PVA. Genetic advance as a percentage of mean, considered with H^2, also suggests a preponderance of non-additive gene action for PVA carotenoids. Hybrid variety development is thus an appropriate approach to improving grain yield and PVA. GY showed no significant genotypic correlations with carotenoid content, suggesting that these traits can be improved concurrently. Thus, there is ample scope for improvement of PVA and GY in the sample of tropical-adapted maize.

关键词： Biofortification Tropical-adapted maize Provitamin A carotenoids Gene actions correlations

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