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Fc receptors: Cell activators of antibody functions

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 21-33页

作者： carlos rosales Eileen Uribe-Querol División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Immunology Department Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico

At the onset of an infection early defense systems, such as complement, get into action. Specialized leukocytes (white blood cells) of the innate immune system, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils also participate as a first line of defense against infections. These early responses are rapid but not very specific and are usually not enough to clear completely many infections. The adaptive immune system is also needed to finish the job against many microorganisms. Antibody molecules, produced during the adaptive immune response, are crucial for preventing recurrent infections. Although, IgG antibodies are essential for controlling infections, these molecules do not directly damage the microorganisms they recognize. Today, it is established that leukocytes of the innate immune system are responsible for the protective effects of these antibodies. IgG molecules bind to their cognate antigens and are in turn recognized by specific receptors (Fcγ receptors) on the membrane of leukocytes. Crosslinking these receptors on the surface of leukocytes leads to activation of several effector cell functions. These effector functions are geared toward the destruction of microbial pathogens and the induction of an inflammatory state that is beneficial during infections. However, in autoimmune diseases, antibodies can direct these effector functions against normal tissues and cause severe tissue damage. In recent years, several factors that can modulate the IgG-FcγR interaction have been elucidated. In this review, we describe the main types of Fcγ receptors, and our current view of how antibody variants interact with these receptors to initiate different cell responses. In addition, new findings on the signaling role of individual Fcγ receptors are also discussed.

关键词： Immunoglobulin Antibody Immunoreceptor Neutrophil Macrophage

Immune therapy for human papillomaviruses-related cancers

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第5期5卷 1002-1019页

作者： Ricardo rosales carlos rosales Virolab S de RL de CV Cuernavaca Morelos 17007 Mexico Carlos Departamento de Inmunología Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City DF 04510 Mexico

Human papillomaviruses(HPVs) are a large family of double strand DNA viruses comprising more than 180 types. Infection with HPV is very common and it is associated with benign and malignant proliferation of skin and squamous mucosae. Many HPVs, considered lowrisk such as HPV 6 and 11, produce warts; while highrisk viruses, such as HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, and 58, induce tumors. About 5% of all cancers in men and women are associated with HPV infection. Because there are not antiviral drugs for HPV infection, current therapies for low-risk HPV infections involve physical removal of the lesion by cryotherapy, trichloracetic acid, laser, or surgical removal. Surgical procedures are effective in the treatment of precancerous lesions, however after these procedures, many recurrences appear due to new re-infections, or to failure of the procedure to eliminate the HPV. In addition, HPV can inhibit recognition of malignant cellsby the immune system, leading to the development of cancer lesions. When this occurs, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are then used. Unfortunately, about 50% of the HPV-cancer patients still die. In the past decade, a better knowledge of the natural history of the virushost interaction and of the immune response against this viral infection has brought new therapeutic strategies geared to modulate the immune system to generate an efficient virus-specific cytotoxic response. Novel HPV protein-expressing vaccines have shown some significant clinical efficacy and systemic HPV-specific cytotoxic T cell responses. This review will describe the current status of the several therapeutic strategies used to treat HPV-induced lesions, and discuss the various new therapies now being tested.

关键词： Human papillomavirus T cell Immunoglobulin Antibody Vaccinia virus

Fatty liver disease,an emerging etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Argentina

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 41-50页

作者： Federico Pinero Josefina Pages Sebastián Marciano Nora Fernández Jorge Silva Margarita Anders Alina Zerega Ezequiel Ridruejo Beatriz Ameigeiras Claudia D’Amico Luis Gaite Carla Bermúdez Manuel Cobos carlos rosales Gustavo Romero Lucas McCormack Virginia Reggiardo Luis Colombato Adrián Gadano Marcelo Silva Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit Hospital Universitario AustralBuenos Aires 1629Argentina Hepatology Section Liver Transplant ProgramDepartment of Academic ResearchHospital Italiano from Buenos AiresBuenos Aires 1424Argentina Sanatorio Trinidad San Isidro Buenos Aires 1642Argentina Clínica Privada San Fernando Buenos Aires 2013Argentina Hepatology and Gastroenterology Hospital BritánicoBuenos Aires 1280Argentina Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital G RawsonSan Juan 5400Argentina Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant Program Hospital AlemanBuenos Aires 1118Argentina Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Sanatorio AllendeCórdoba 5016Argentina Hepatology Section Department of MedicineCentro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Department of Hepatology Hospital Ramos MejíaBuenos Aires 1221Argentina Department of Hepatology Centro Especialidades Medicas Ambulatorias(CEMA)Mar del Plata 7600Argentina Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Clínica de Nefrología de Santa FeSanta Fe 3000Argentina Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Hospital C Bonorino UdaondoBuenos Aires 1264Argentina Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Hospital CentenarioSanta Fe 2002Argentina

AIM To investigate any changing trends in the etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Argentina during the last years. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study was conducted by 14 regional hospitals starting in 2009 through 2016. All adult patients with newly diagnosed HCC either with pathology or imaging criteria were included. Patients were classified as presenting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) either by histology or clinically, provided that all other etiologies of liver disease were ruled out, fatty liver was present on abdominal ultrasound and alcohol consumption was excluded. Complete follow-up was assessed in all included subjects since the date of HCC diagnosis until death or last medical *** A total of 708 consecutive adults with HCC were included. Six out of 14 hospitals were liver transplant centers(n = 484). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 27.7%. Overall, HCV was the main cause of liver disease related with HCC(37%) including cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients, followed by alcoholic liver disease 20.8%, NAFLD 11.4%, cryptogenic 9.6%, HBV 5.4% infection, cholestatic disease and autoimmune hepatitis 2.2%, and other causes 9.9%. A 6-fold increase in the percentage corresponding to NAFLDHCC was detected when the starting year, i.e., 2009 was compared to the last one, i.e., 2015(4.3% vs 25.6%; P < 0.0001). Accordingly, a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was present in NAFLD-HCC group 61.7% when compared to other than NAFLD-HCC 23.3%(P < 0.0001). Lower median AFP values at HCC diagnosis were observed between NAFLD-HCC and non-NAFLD groups(6.6 ng/m L vs 26 ng/m L; P = 0.02). Neither NAFLD nor other HCC etiologies were associated with higher *** The growing incidence of NAFLD-HCC documented in the United States and Europe is also observed in Argentina, a confirmation with important Public Health implications.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Etiology Fatty liver South America

Molecular Dynamics of Free and Graphite-Supported Pt-Pd Nanoparticles

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2013年第4期2卷 323-328页

作者： carlos Fernández-Navarro Sergio Mejía-rosales Center for Innovation Research and Development in Engineering and Technology and CICFIM-School of Physical-Matemathical Sciences Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon San Nicolás de los Garza México Preparatoria No. 25 Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon Escobedo México

The thermal characteristics of bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoparticles, both free and graphite-supported, were investigated through molecular dynamics simulations using quantum Sutton-Chen many-body potentials for the metal-metal interactions. The graphite substrate was represented as layers of fixed carbons sites and modeled with the Lennard-Jones potential model. The melting temperatures for bimetallic nanoparticles were estimated based on variations in thermodynamic properties such as potential energy and heat capacity. Melting temperatures of the nanoparticles were found to be considerably lower than those of bulk Pt and Pd. The Pt-Pd clusters exhibited a two-stage melting, where surface melting of the external atoms is followed by homogeneous melting of the internal atoms. The melting transition temperature was found to increase when the particle is on the graphite support, with an increase at least 180 K higher than that of the same-sized free nanoparticle. The results of the density distributions perpendicular to the surface indicate that the Pd atoms have a tendency to remain at the surface, and the Pd atoms wet the graphite surface more than the Pt atoms, while root mean squares suggest that surface melting starts from the cluster surface, and surface melting was seen in both free and graphite-supported nanoparticles. Structural changes accompanying the thermal evolution were studied by the bond-orientational order parameter method.

关键词： Molecular Dynamics Nanoparticles Palladium Platinum Graphite

N<sub>2</sub>O Formation in Selective Non-catalytic NO<sub>x</sub>Reduction Processes

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第8期2卷 1095-1100页

作者： Crisanto Mendoza-Covarrubias carlos E. Romero Fernando Hernandez-rosales Hans Agarwal 不详

Nitrous oxide is not an environmentally regulated species in the U.S., but it does participate in the stratospheric ozone chemistry and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Nitrous oxide has been found to be a by-product of the selective non-catalytic reduction process. Chemical kinetic calculations demonstrated that the formation of nitrous oxide in the urea-based selective non-catalytic reduction process is linked to the conversion of NO by cyano species released from the process parent compounds. This conversion occurs within in temperature window between 850 and 1050℃. With urea injection, nitrous oxide emissions represent up to 20 percent conversion of the NOx reduced. The amount of nitrous oxide formed depends primarily on the process temperature, the amount of chemical injected, the initial NOx level, and the carbon monoxide level in the gas stream. These observations, which were based on the chemical kinetics of the process, should be considered in designing selective non-catalytic reduction systems to minimize nitrous oxide by- product formation.

关键词： Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction Process Nitrous Oxide Emissions Chemical Kinetics

A Review on Cr(Ⅵ) Adsorption Using Inorganic Materials

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第7期4卷 8-16页

作者： Claudia rosales-Landeros carlos Eduardo Barrera-Díaz Bryan Bilyeu Víctor Varela Guerrero Fernando Urena Núnez Unidad El Rosedal Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química SustentableUAEM-UNAMTolucaMéxico Department of Chemistry Xavier University of LouisianaNew OrleansUSA Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares OcoyoacacMéxico

Chromium compounds are widely used in electroplating, metal finishing, magnetic tapes, pigments, leather tanning, wood protection and electronic and electrical equipment. Hexavalent chromium is a highly toxic metal and produces health damages. The most soluble, mobile and toxic forms of hexavalent chromium in soils are chromate and dichromate and the chromium distribution is also controlled by redox processes, its adsorption decreases with increasing pH and when competing dissolved anions are present. Several techniques have been developed to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater but these techniques have disadvantages such as high cost, non-selective, pH dependence, etc. The use of low cost sorbents has been investigated as a replacement for current costly methods;natural materials with a high adsorption capacity for heavy metals can be obtained. Modification of the sorbents can improve adsorption capacity. This paper includes some techniques for remove Cr(VI) with clays, silica and zeolites from aqueous solutions, some of the treated adsorbents show good adsorption capacities.

关键词： Sorption Hexavalent Chromium Clay Silica Zeolites

Determination of the antidepressant effect of mirtazapine augmented with caffeine using Swiss-albino mice

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 239-240页

作者： Alexis Danielle Y.Co carlos Miguel Calderon ANDrea Tracy G.Cunanan Kristin Almira B.De Guzman Rosvielentine V.rosales Melchin Edreen O.Tapan Deric S.Vengua Gavino Ivan Tanodra Faculty of Pharmacy University of Santo Tomas

Depression is a serious health condition affecting an estimate of 350 million people *** with antidepressants as first line treatment however is found to have limited benefits as compared to augmentation *** agents such as caffeine,when added to the antidepressants are found to have positive effects with depression by acting as an antagonist to adenosine *** Swiss albino mice were grouped into six,first three groups with arbitrary doses of the combination of mirtazapine and caffeine and last three control groups being the untreated,mirtazapine-treated and caffeine-treated groups.

关键词： Mirtazapine Caffeine Tail Suspension Test Forced Swim Test Immobility time Depression

Values and Educative Aspirations

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Chinese Business Review 2011年第3期10卷 226-232页

作者： Hector Gabriel Zazueta Beltran Jose carlos Pardini Moss Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacan Rosales Mexico

Empirical research was done interviewing face to face a sample of 2,447, 10-12 grade students in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, from the main public university high school in town. Education is seen as a tool to develop better citizens first, and better workers later. The objective of this research was to detect different perceptions related to values and education. Using a 13 items questionnaire, we measured： Students＇ perceptions about him/herself as part of their education role, responsibility that students show toward activities m school, perceptions about education as a tool to grow in the social ladder and as a way of social recognition, social perception about effort as an important value to self-improve and get social recognition, and to finish, perceptions about their teacher＇s performance.

关键词： values meaning of education education reference models

Simulation of Biogas Production from Solid Organic Wastes

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 107-112页

作者： Ignacio Contreras-Andrade Jonathan Parra-Santiago carlos Alberto Guerrero-Fajardo Doctor Chemical Engineering Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacan Rosales 80040 Mexico Chemical Engineering(C) National University of Colombia Bogota 11001 Colombia Chemical Engineering and Mechanical National University of Colombia Bogota 11001 Colombia

The design and building of new alternative fuel plants is an increasing necessity to replace old technology and non-renewable fossil fuels. To optimize the performance of these plants and to obtain an economically feasible production of these types of fuels, it is necessary to have a total control of each variable involved in the process of production and how these factors affect the yield of fuel production. In this paper it is proposed a model of a digester to generate gas using a Vensim software designed to generate simulations in dynamic state. This simulation was developed using differential equations to model the behavior at each stage of the process and auxiliary conditions to complement the mathematical description of the model. The main factors in the biogas production are the retention time and the methanogen mortality ratio. For retention time lower than 10 h the process loses effectiveness due to bacterial growth is not completed efficiently, but a high retention time involves a bigger reactor and the yield of production decreases considerably for retention time higher than 40 h. The best yields were obtained for a mortality ratio in methanogen and acidogenic bacteria lower than 0.2 and a retention time of 30 h with a final production of 3.33 L by each kilogram of biomass.

关键词： Bio-digester bio-digestion gas synthesis renewable energy.