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Insights into myelin dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 264-285页

作者： Marcela Valdés-Tovar Alejandra Monserrat Rodríguez-ramírez Leslye Rodríguez-Cárdenas carlo e sotelo-ramírez Beatriz Camarena Marco Antonio Sanabrais-Jiménez Héctor Solís-Chagoyán Jesús Argueta Germán Octavio López-Riquelme Departamento de Farmacogenética Subdirección de Investigaciones ClínicasInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico City 14370Mexico Departamento de Farmacogenética Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico City 14370Mexico Doctorado en Biología experimental Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaMexico City 09340Mexico Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico City 14370Mexico Laboratorio de Socioneurobiología Centro de Investigación en Ciencias CognitivasUniversidad del Estado de MorelosCuernavaca 62209MorelosMexico

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are disabling psychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1%.Both disorders present chronic and deteriorating prognoses that impose a large burden,not only on patients but also on society and health *** mental illnesses share several clinical and neurobiological traits;of these traits,oligodendroglial dysfunction and alterations to white matter(WM)tracts could underlie the disconnection between brain regions related to their symptomatic *** is mainly composed of heavily myelinated axons and glial *** internodes are discrete axon-wrapping membrane sheaths formed by oligodendrocyte *** ensheathment allows fast and efficient conduction of nerve impulses through the nodes of Ranvier,improving the overall function of neuronal *** and precisely synchronized nerve impulse conduction through fibers that connect distant brain structures is crucial for higher-level functions,such as cognition,memory,mood,and *** cellular and subcellular anomalies related to myelin and oligodendrocytes have been found in postmortem samples from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder,and neuroimaging techniques have revealed consistent alterations at the macroscale connectomic level in both *** this work,evidence regarding these multilevel alterations in oligodendrocytes and myelinated tracts is discussed,and the involvement of proteins in key functions of the oligodendroglial lineage,such as oligodendrogenesis and myelination,is *** molecular components of the axo-myelin unit could be important targets for novel therapeutic approaches to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

关键词： Myelin sheath Oligodendroglia Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder White matter

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Gravitational and elastic energies stored in crustal volumes activate normal versus strike-slip and thrust seismogenic faults

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第6期15卷 194-206页

作者： carlo Doglioni Dipartimento Scienze della Terra Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia RomeItaly

Shallow crustal faults are passive features mobilized by the dissipation of the potential energy and the shear stress accumulated in the brittle volume surrounding ***,the stored energy in the volume differs from the tectonic setting,i.e.,it is mainly gravitational in extensional tectonic settings,whereas it is elastic in strike-slip and contractional tectonic *** extensional settings,below about 1 km,the horizontal tensile stress is overwhelmed by the confining pressure of the lithostatic load,and it becomes positive,***,there is no horizontal tension in extensional tectonic settings and the pro-gravity motion of the crustal volume is provided by the lithostatic load,which is the vertical maximum principal *** elastic energy is rather accumulated by the maximum horizontal principal stresses,i.e.,iso-gravity in transcurrent settings and counter-gravity in contractional tectonic *** different relation with the gravitational force in the different tectonic settings generates several relevant differences in the three main tectonic *** extensional tectonic settings,both in continental and oceanic rift zones generate normal fault-related earthquakes,i.e.,pro-gravity movements,or *** differ from the other tectonic setting because are marked by(i)lower energy and lower differential stress to activate faults with respect to strike-slip and contractional tectonics;(ii)lower maximum earthquake magnitude;(iii)a larger number of low magnitude earthquakes in extensional settings because the crust moves downward as soon as it can move,whereas contractional settings require larger accumulation of energy to move counter-gravity;(iv)consequently,the b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter is higher than 1 and the aftershocks are more numerous and last longer in extensional settings;(v)the downward motion of the hangingwall determines more diffuse cataclastic deformation with respect to the other tectonic s

关键词： Pro-gravity tectonics Iso-gravity tectonics Counter-gravity tectonics Graviquake elastoquake

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Biomimetics of Campaniform Sensilla:Measuring Strain from the Deformation of Holes

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2007年第2期4卷 63-76页

作者： Julian F. V. Vincent Sally e. Clift carlo Menon Department of Mechanical engineering The University of BathBath BA2 7AYUK Advanced Concepts Team European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkThe Netherlands

We present a bio-inspired strategy for designing embedded strain sensors in space structures. In insects, the campaniform sensillum is a hole extending through the cuticle arranged such that its shape changes in response to loads. The shape change is rotated through 90° by the suspension of a bell-shaped cap whose deflection is detected by a cell beneath the cuticle. It can be sensitive to displacements of the order of 1 nm. The essential morphology, a hole formed in a plate of fibrous composite mate- rial, was modelled by Skordos et al. who showed that global deformation of the plate （which can be flat, curved or a tube） induces higher local deformation of the hole due to its locally higher compliance. Further developments reported here show that this approach can be applied to groups of holes relative to their orientation. , The morphology of the sensillum in insects suggests that greater sensitivity can be achieved by arranging several holes in a regular pattern; that if the hole is oval it can be ＂aimed＂ to sense specific strain directions; and that either by controlling the shape of the hole or its relationship with other holes it can have a tuned response to dynamic strains. We investigate space applications in which novel bio-inspired strain sensors could successfully be used.

关键词： campaniform sensillum strain displacement compliance hole remote sensing fibrous composite

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Late-onset hypogonadism： beyond testosterone

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 236-238,I0008页

作者： carlo Foresta Aldo e Calogero Francesco Lombardo Andrea Lenzi Alberto Ferlin Department of Medicine and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology University of Padova Padova 35128 Italy Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences Section of Endocrinology Andrology and Internal Medicine University of Catania Catania 95123 Italy Department of experimental Medicine Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology Sapienza University of Rome Rome 00185 Italy

Late-onset hypogonadism is defined as a combination of low testosterone （T） levels and typical symptoms and signs. A major area of uncertainty is whether T concentrations are always really sufficient to fully reflect Leydig cell （dys）function. Mild testicular alteration could be diagnosed only by additional biochemical markers, such as luteinizing hormone （LH） and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. These markers help in identifying the so-called ＂subclinical＂ hypogonadism （normal T, high LH levels）. Patients with hypogonadism have frequently low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D due to impairment of the hydroxylating enzyme CYP2R1 in the testis. However, no data have been published dealing with the best treatment option （cholecalciferol - the Vitamin D precursor, or calcidiol - 25-hydroxylated form of Vitamin D） in these patients. We studied 66 patients with classic hypogonadism （total T [TT] 〈12 nmol I-~, LH 〉 8 IU 1-1）（n = 26） and subclinical hypogonadism （TT 〉 12 nmol I-＊, LH 〉 8 IU I-~）（n = 40） and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D （〈50 nmol I-1）. Subjects received cholecalciferol （5000 IU per week）（n = 20） or calcidiol （4000 IU per week）（n -- 46）, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone （PTH） were evaluated after 3 months of therapy. Supplementation with calcidiol significantly increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and significantly decreased PI＂H levels in both groups of men with hypogonadism （primary, n = 16 and subclinical, n = 30）, whereas supplementation with cholecalciferol did not modify their levels. This study shows for the first time that the administration of the 25-hydroxylated form of Vitamin D （calcidiol）, and not the administration of the precursor cholecalciferol, restores 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with hypogonadism.

关键词： insulin-like factor 3 late-onset hypogonadism male hypogonadism testosterone Vitamin D

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Message in a bottle from the tumor microenvironment:tumor-educated DCs instruct B cells to participate in immunosuppression

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第9期14卷 730-732页

作者： Francesca Mion Silvia Tonon Viviana Valeri carlo e Pucillo Department of Medicine University of UdineUdineItaly

Once tumour cells have overcome the molecular mechanisms that prevent their uncontrolled proliferation,the only enemy they need to deal with is the immune system,which is able to recognize and destroy transformed ***,one of the evasion mechanisms put in place by the tumour is made by the suppressive arm of the immune system itself.

关键词： tumour instru overcome

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Asymmetric Atlantic continental margins

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 298-308页

作者： Adriano Vangone carlo Doglioni Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia RomeItaly

We analyze the gross crustal structure of the Atlantic Ocean passive continental margins from north to the south,comparing eleven sections of the conjugate *** a general result,the western margins show a sharper continental-ocean transition with respect to the eastern margins that rather show a wider stretched and thinner *** Moho is in average about 5.7±1dipping toward the interior of the continent on the western side,whereas it is about 2.7±1in the eastern ***,the stretched continental crust is on average 244 km wide on the western side,whereas it is up to about 439 km on the eastern side of the *** systematic asymmetry reflects the early stages of the diachronous Mesozoic to Cenozoic continental rifting,which is inferred as the result of a polarized westward motion of both western and eastern plates,being Greenland,Northern and Southern Americas plates moving westward faster with respect to Scandinavia,europe and Africa,relative to the underlying mantle.

关键词： Passive continental margin Asymmetric rift Moho dip Continental-ocean transition Westward drift of the lithosphere

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Closing the THz gap with Dirac semimetals

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1011-1012页

作者： carlo Rizza Alessandro Molle University of L'Aquila Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences1-67100 L'AquilaItaly Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR) Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi(IMM)unit of Agrate Brianzavia C.Olivetti 220864 Agrate BrianzaItaly

High-performance THz photodetection is unprecedentedly accessed by integrating a topological Dirac(Weyl)semimetal in a carefully designed antenna at deep-subwavelength scales.

关键词： Dirac semi integrating

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Asymptotic Formulae for Multivariate Kantorovich Type Generalized Sampling Series

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,english Series 2011年第7期27卷 1247-1258页

作者： carlo BARDARO Ilaria MANTeLLINI Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Universitd di Perugia Via Vanvitelli 1 06123 Perugia Italy

In this paper an asymptotic formula of Voronovskaja type for a multivariate extension of the Kantorovich generalized sampling series is given. Moreover a quantitative version in terms of some moduli of smoothness is established. Finally some particular examples of kernels are discussed, as the Bochner-Riesz kernel and the multivariate splines.

关键词： Voronovskaja-type formula moments multivariate Kantorovich generalized sampling series Peetre K-functional

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engineering epitaxial Silicene on Functional Substrates for Nanotechnology

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 584-591页

作者： carlo Grazianetti Alessandro Molle CNR-IMM Unit of Agrate Brianza Via C.Olivetti 2Agrate Brianza I-20864Italy

Two-dimensional materials are today a solid reality in condensed matter physics due to the disruptive discoveries about *** class of the X-enes,namely,graphene-like single element artificial crystals,is quickly emerging driven by the high-momentum generated by ***,in addition to the graphene properties,shows up incidentally at the end of Moore’s law debate in the electronic ***,silicene occurs as the crafted shrunk version of silicon long yearned by device manufacturers to improve the performances of their *** the periodic table kinship with graphene,silicene and the X-enes must deal with the twofold problem of their metastable nature,i.e.,the stabilization on a substrate and out of vacuum *** on different substrates and deep characterization through electronic and optical techniques of silicene in the early days have been now following by the tentative steps towards reliable integration of silicene into ***,we review three paradigmatic cases of silicene grown by molecular beam epitaxy showing three different possible applications,aiming at extending the exploitation of silicene out of the nanoelectronics field and thus keeping silicon a key player in nanotechnology,just in a thinner fashion.

关键词： steps stabilization metastable

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An Integrated Approach for Optimal Design of Micro Gas Turbine Combustors

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Journal of Thermal Science 2009年第2期18卷 173-184页

作者： Luca Fuligno Diego Micheli carlo Poloni enginSoft s.p.a. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica Universita degli Studi di Trieste Dipartimento

The present work presents an approach for the optimized design of small gas turbine combustors, that integrates a0-D code, CFD analyses and an advanced game theory multi-objective optimization algorithm. The output of the0-D code is a baseline design of the combustor, given the required fuel characteristics, the basic geometry (tubularor annular) and the combustion concept (i.e. lean premixed primary zone or diffusive processes). For the optimizationof the baseline design a simplified parametric CAD/mesher model is then defined and submitted to a CFDcode. Free parameters of the optimization process are position and size of the liner hole arrays, their total area andthe shape of the exit duct, while different objectives are the minimization of NOx emissions, pressure losses andcombustor exit Pattern Factor. A 3D simulation of the optimized geometry completes the design procedure. As afirst demonstrative example, the integrated design process was applied to a tubular combustion chamber with alean premixed primary zone for a recuperative methane-fuelled small gas turbine of the 100 kW class.

关键词： micro gas turbine combustor optimized design

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