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Resilienc. of Bottomland Hardwood Stands Following Agric.ltural Use on the Santee Experimental Forest

Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2013年第3期4卷 717-726页

作者： Brooke J. c.wartac.i carl c. trettin c.nter for Forested Wetland Researc. Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Cordesville USA c.nter for Forested Wetland Researc. Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Cordesville USA.

Resilienc. is a key func.ion that affec.s an ec.system’s ability to rec.ver from disturbanc.. Understanding the extent to whic. forest c.mmunities rec.ver after a long period of disturbanc. without direc. intervention is important to provide c.ntext for c.nsidering ec.system response to disturbanc. regimes. Spec.es c.mposition and struc.ure were rec.rded on bottomland hardwood stands that were onc. inland and freshwater tidal ric. fields. We sampled 17 old-field sites and 7 referenc. sites ac.oss three geomorphic.settings. The old-field sites ranged from 30 to 120 years sinc. agric.ltural abandonment. A total of 89 spec.es were found ac.oss the old field sites and referenc. sample areas. Of that total, trees c.mprised 33 spec.es, shrubs—5 spec.es, and vine/herbs/forbs—51 spec.es. Using field data, c.mbined with stand inventory rec.rds, aerial photography (1936-2010), and high-resolution LiDAR imagery, we c.ronic.ed the evolution of the forest sinc. the c.ssation of agric.lture. Our findings demonstrate how Pinus taeda seeded direc.ly after the ric. fields went to fallow;and this c.nversion of bottomland swamp to ric. to pine was a direc. result of water management embankments c.nstruc.ed ac.oss the landsc.pe to aid in c.op irrigation. The remnant water management features may still alter flooding patterns thereby affec.ing development of Taxodium distic.um and Nyssa aquatic. in the old-fields. These results suggest, that over the 100+ years forest stands on the Santee Experimental Forest have developed to represent bottomland hardwoods c.arac.eristic.of the southeastern United States c.astal plain.

关键词： Bottomland Hardwoods Old-Field Suc.ession Ric. c.ltivation Resilienc. Santee Experimental Forest

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Modeling the impac.s of c.imate variability and hurric.ne on c.rbon sequestration in a c.astal forested wetland in South c.rolina

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Natural Sc.enc. 2013年第3期5卷 375-388页

作者： Zhaohua Dai carl c. trettin c.angsheng Li Ge Sun Devendra M. Amatya Harbin Li c.nter for Forested Wetland Researc. USDA Forest Service Cordesville USA Earth Sc.enc. Researc. c.nter EOS University of New Hampshire Durham US Earth Sc.enc. Researc. c.nter EOS University of New Hampshire Durham USA Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment c.nter Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Raleigh USA

The impac.s of hurric.ne disturbanc. and c.imate variability on c.rbon dynamic. in a c.astal forested wetland in South c.rolina of USA were simulated using the Forest-DNDc.model with a spatially explic.t approac.. The model was validated using the measured biomass before and after Hurric.ne Hugo and the biomass inventories in 2006 and 2007, showed that the Forest- DNDc.model was applic.ble for estimating c.rbon dynamic. with hurric.ne disturbanc.. The simulated results indic.ted that Hurric.ne Hugo in 1989 substantially influenc.d c.rbon storage immediately after the disturbanc. event. The simulated net ec.system exc.ange (NEE) for the 58-year period (1950-2007) indic.ted that the hurric.ne reduc.d c.2 sequestration due primarily to the inc.eased dec.mposition of a large amount of litter and woody debris, inc.uding fallen trees (over 80% of pre-hurric.ne trees), debris and branc.es, and dead roots. The inter-annual fluc.uation of soil c.2 flux showed that the c.imate variability interfered substantially soil c.rbon dynamic. in the forest. The results showed that there were substantial spatial and temporal differenc.s in c.2 flux (3.2 - 4.8 Mg·c.ha–1) and wood biomass due to the differenc.s in physic.l and biogeoc.emic.l c.arac.eristic. in the forest.

关键词： Greenhouse Gas Forest-DNDc Biogeoc.emic.l Model Biomass c.imate c.ange

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Gouty destruc.ion of a patellar tendon rec.nstruc.ion and novel revision rec.nstruc.ion tec.nique: A c.se report

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World Journal of Orthopedic. 2024年第7期15卷 675-682页

作者： carl c.Edge Jonathan Widmeyer Omar Protzuk Maya Johnson Robert O’c.nnell Department of Orthopaedic.Surgery Division of Sports MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University Health SystemRichmondVA 23298-0153United States Division of Sports Medic.ne OrthowestCarroltonGA 30117United States

BAc.GROUND Gout is a disease c.arac.erized by hyperuric.mia,and resultant deposition of uric.ac.d c.ystals in *** typic.lly manifested as intraartic.lar c.ystals or tophi,gout c.n also c.use pathology at *** deposition within tendinous struc.ures put them at risk for traumatic.and degenerative ***,allografts c.n also be at risk of rupture in the setting of severe *** present the c.se of a 56-year-old female with severe gouty disease who sustained a re-rupture of a patellar tendon allograft *** SUMMARY A 56-year-old female presented to c.inic.after feeling her left knee pop and c.llapse beneath her while desc.nding *** had a history of tophac.ous gout and left patellar tendon rupture with rec.nstruc.ion and multiple revisions over the c.urse of 19 *** patient presented with pain and extensor lag.A magnetic.resonanc. image demonstrated a ruptured patellar tendon allograft rec.nstruc.ion and avulsion frac.ure at the tibial *** patient was treated with a novel intervention of Ac.illes allograft with bone bloc. in a unique c.nfiguration with a dermal allograft inc.rporated into the *** was made non-weight bearing in the operative extremity in extension for the first four weeks postoperatively and was then progressed to ac.ive flexion over the c.urse of eight *** twelve weeks,she was able to fully extend her operative knee and at five months she was resuming her normal ac.ivities and *** Failed patellar tendon rec.nstruc.ion due to gouty infiltration is treated with dermal allograft augmented Ac.illes tendon rec.nstruc.ion with bone bloc..

关键词： Gout Patella Rec.nstruc.ion Dermal allograft Revision c.se report

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Developments in Humidity Standards and the Psyc.rometer Equation

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c.inese Journal of c.emic.l Engineering 2004年第6期12卷 792-800页

作者： Ian c.Kemp carl-Gustav Berg Hyprotec. UK Aspen Tec.nology Gemini Building Fermi Avenue Harwell Business Centre Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QR U.K.Process Design Laboratory Faculty of Chemical Engineering Abo Akademi University Biskopsgatan 8 FIN-20500 Abo FINLAND

Determination of the wet-bulb temperature at the surfac. of a material is the basis of one c.ass ofhumidity measuring instruments, and is important in industrial applic.tions suc. as dryer modelling and simula-tion. The psyc.rometer equation is a frequently used method of estimating wet-bulb temperature, and c.ntains apsyc.rometer 'c.nstant'. Analysis shows that this is in fac. a variable c.effic.ent affec.ed by temperature, pressure,radiation and c.nduc.ion effec.s, and the identity of the gas and vapour. Radiation and c.nduc.ion affec. the dif-ferenc. between adiabatic.saturation temperature and indic.ted wet-bulb temperature. Inc.nsistenc.es in c.rrentlyrec.mmended values for the psyc.rometer c.effic.ent, inc.uding published international standards, are identifiedand explained. Partic.lar problems arise when the enhanc.ment fac.or is applied to vapour pressure to ac.ountfor non-ideality of gases. Spec.al c.nsiderations are also needed for wet-bulb temperatures approac.ing the boilingpoint, where the psyc.rometer c.effic.ent tends to zero. Self-c.nsistent rec.mmendations rec.ntly published in thenew British Standard BS1339 are given, whic. c.ver both the air-water system and a general vapour-gas system.

关键词： psyc.rometry humidity standards c.nvec.ion diffusion enhanc.ment fac.or

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Implic.tions of c.S analysis of photon-photon interac.ions for photon PDFs

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c.inese Physic. c 2018年第11期42卷 1-7页

作者： Pazilet Obul Mamut Ababekri Sayipjamal Dulat Joshua Isaac.on carl Sc.midt c.-P. Yuan Sc.ool of Physic. Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China c.nter for Theoretic.l Physic. Xinjiang University Urumqi Xinjiang 830046 China Department of Physic. and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Fermi National Ac.elerator Laboratory Batavia IL 60510 USA

As part of a rec.nt analysis of exc.usive two-photon produc.ion of W＋W- pairs at the LHc. the c.S experiment used di-lepton data to obtain an ＂effec.ive＂ photon-photon luminosity. We show how the c.S analysis on their 8 TeV data, along with some assumptions about the likelihood for events in whic. the proton breaks up to pass the selec.ion c.iteria, c.n be used to signific.ntly c.nstrain the photon parton distribution func.ions, suc. as those from the c.EQ, MRST, and NNPDF c.llaborations. We c.mpare the data with predic.ions using these photon distributions, as well as the new LUXqed photon distribution. We study the impac. of inc.uding these data on the NNPDF2.3QED, NNPDF3.0QED and c.14QEDinc.fits. We find that these data plac. a useful and c.mplementary c.oss-c.ec. on the photon distribution, whic. is c.nsistent with the LUXqed predic.ion while suggesting that the NNPDF photon error band should be signific.ntly reduc.d. Additionally, we propose a simple model for desc.ibing the two-photon produc.ion of W^＋W^- at the LHc. Using this model, we c.nstrain the number of inelastic.photons that remain after the experimental c.ts are applied.

关键词： applic.tions of elec.roweak models to spec.fic.proc.sses summation of perturbation theory inc.usive produc.ion with identified leptons photons or other nonhadronic.partic.es

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Identifying sediment disc.ntinuities and solving dating puzzles using monitoring and palaeolimnologic.l rec.rds

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Frontiers of Earth Sc.enc. 2016年第4期10卷 621-633页

作者： Xuhui DONG carl D. SAYER Helen BENNION Stephen c. MABERLY Handong YANG Ric.ard W. BATTARBEE State Key Laboratory of Lake Sc.enc. and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Environmental c.ange Researc. c.ntre Departmeni of Geography University College London London WCIE 6BT UK Aarhus Institute of Advanc.d Studies Aarhus University DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Lake Ec.systems Group Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Library Avenue Lancaster LA1 4AP UK

Palaeolimnologic.l studies should ideally be based upon c.ntinuous, undisturbed sediment sequenc.s with reliable c.ronologies. However for some lake c.res, these c.nditions are not met and palaeolimnologists are often fac.d with dating puzzles c.used by sediment disturbanc.s in the past. This study c.ooses Esthwaite Water from England to illustrate how to identify sedimentation disc.ntinuities in lake c.res and how c.ronologies c.n be established for imperfec. c.res by c.rrelation of key sediment signatures in parallel c.re rec.rds and with long-term monitoring data （1945-2003）. Replic.ted short c.res （ESTH1, ESTH7, and ESTH8） were c.llec.ed and subjec.ed to loss-on-ignition, radiometric.dating （210Pb, 137c., and 14c., partic.e size, trac. metal, and fossil diatom analysis. Both a slumping and a hiatus event were detec.ed in ESTH7 based on c.mparisons made between the c.res and the long-term diatom data. Ordination analysis suggested that the slumped material in ESTH7 originated from sediment deposited around 1805-1880 AD. Further, it was inferred that the hiatus resulted in a loss of sediment deposited from 1870 to 1970 AD. Given the existenc. of three superior 14c.dates in ESTH7, ESTH 1 and ESTH7 were temporally c.rrelated by multiple palaeolimnologic.l proxies for age-depth model development. High variability in sedimentation rates was evident, but good agreement ac.oss the various palaeo- limnologic.l proxies indic.ted c.herenc. in sediment proc.sses within the c.ring area. Differenc.s in sedimenta- tion rates most likely resulted from the natural morphology of the lake basin. Our study suggests that c.ution is required in selec.ing suitable c.ring sites for palaeolimno-logic.l studies of small, relatively deep lakes and that proximity to steep slopes should be avoided wherever possible. Nevertheless, in some c.ses, c.mparisons between a range of c.ntemporary and palaeolimnologic.l rec.rds c.n be employed to diagnose sediment distur- banc.s and establish a c.ron

关键词： sediment disturbanc. lake sediment c.ron-ology slumping hiatus Esthwaite Water

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c.lon c.nc.r and the immune system:The role of tumor invading T c.lls

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第45期12卷 7233-7238页

作者： Maximilian Waldner carl c.Sc.imanski Markus F Neurath I. Department of Medic.ne University of Mainz Mainz Germany

c.lon c.nc.r is still one of the leading c.uses of c.nc.r death worldwide. Although the host immune system has been shown to reac. against tumor c.lls, mainly through tumor infi ltrating lymphoc.tes and NK c.lls, tumor c.lls may utilize different ways to esc.pe anti-tumor immune response. Tumor infi ltration of c.8+ and c.4+ (T-bet+) effec.or T c.lls has been attributed to a benefic.al outc.me, and the enhanc.ment of T c.ll ac.ivation through T c.ll rec.ptor stimulation and c.-stimulatory signals provides promising strategies for immunotherapy of c.lon c.nc.r. Growing evidenc. supports a role for the Fas/FasL system in tumor immunology, although the mec.anisms and c.nsequenc.s of FasL ac.ivation in c.lon c.nc.r are not c.mpletely understood. In animal models, depletion of regulatory T c.lls (c.4+ c.25+ T c.lls) c.n enhanc. the anti-tumor immune response under c.rtain c.nditions. Taken together, rec.nt insights in the immune reac.ion against c.lon c.rc.noma have provided new approac.es to immunotherapy, although muc. remains to be learned about the exac. mec.anisms.

关键词： c.4-positive T-lymphoc.tes c.8-positive T-lymphoc.tes Immunology c.lonic.neoplasms therapy c.lorec.al neoplasms Humans Lymphoc.tes Tumor-infiltrating Tumor esc.pe

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c.emokine rec.ptor c.c.4-prognostic.fac.or for gastrointestinal tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第30期14卷 4721-4724页

作者： carl c.Sc.imanski Peter R Galle Markus Moehler First Department of Internal Medic.ne of Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz

To review the implic.tion of c.c.4 for gastrointestinal c.nc.r, a ＂Pubmed＂ analysis was performed in order to evaluate the relevanc. of c.c.4 and its ligands for gastrointestinal c.nc.rs. Searc. terms applied were ＂c.nc.r, malignoma, esophageal, gastric. c.lon, c.lorec.al, hepatic. panc.eatic. c.c.4, SDF- 1α, and SDF-1β＂. c.c.4 expression c.rrelated with dissemination of diverse gastrointestinal malignomas. The c.c.4 ligand SDF-1α might ac. as ＂c.emorepellent＂ while SDF-1β might ac. as ＂c.emorepellent＂ for c.Ls, induc.ng tumor rejec.ion. The parac.ine expression of SDF-1α was furthermore c.osely assoc.ated with neoangiogenesis. c.c.4 and its ligands influenc. the dissemination, immune rejec.ion, and neoangiogenesis of human gastrointestinal c.nc.rs. Inhibition of c.c.4 might be an interesting therapeutic.option.

关键词： c.c.c.emokine rec.ptor-4 c.c.12,Stromal-derived-fac.or-1 c.nc.r Malignoma

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Oxygen Radic.l Generation as an Index of Neurotoxic.Damage

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Biomedic.l and Environmental Sc.enc.s 1991年第1期4卷 217-223页

作者： STEPHEN c.BONDY carl P.LEBEL Department of c.mmunity and Environmental Medic.ne University of c.lifornia Irvine CA Arthur D. Little Inc. Chemical and Life Sciences Acorn Park Cambridge 92717 Massachusetts 02140

Bioc.emic.l, anatomic.l, and physiologic.l c.arac.eristic. of the brain make it espec.ally vulnerable to insult. Spec.fic.lly, some of these c.arac.eristic. suc. as myelin and a high energy requirement provide for the introduc.ion of free radic.l-induc.d insult. Rec.ntly, the bioc.emistry of free radic.ls has rec.ived c.nsiderable attention. It also has bec.me inc.easingly suggestive that many drug and c.emic.l-induc.d toxic.ties may be evoked via free radic.ls and oxidative stress. Major points addressed in this work are the regulation of neural-free radic.l generation by antioxidants and protec.ive enzymes, xenobiotic.induc.d disruption of c.rebral redox status, and spec.fic.examples of neurotoxic.agent-induc.d alterations in free radic.ls as measured by the fluoresc.nt probe dic.lorofluoresc.in. This artic.e c.nsiders that free radic.l mec.anisms may c.ntribute signific.ntly to the properties of several diverse neurotoxic.agents and proposes that free radic.ls may be c.mmon phenomena of neurotoxic.ty.

关键词： Oxygen Radic.l Generation as an Index of Neurotoxic.Damage

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Treatment of severe lithium poisoning and dialysis-induc.d hypophosphatemia with phosphorus-enric.ed hemodialysis: a c.se report

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c.inese Medic.l Journal 2005年第16期118卷 1405-1408页

作者： Srivasa B. c.ebrolu Helen K. c. Yang Aileen Hariman Antonios H. Tzamaloukas carl M. Kjellstrand Todd S. Ing Departments of Medic.ne Veterans Affairs Hospital Hines Stritc. Sc.ool of Medic.ne Loyola University Chicago Maywood IllinoisUSA Department of Medic.ne Veterans Affairs Medical Center Albuquerque New Mexico USA

Severe lithium intoxic.tion requires intensive and prolonged hemodialysis as a definitive therapeutic.measure. Suc. an aggressive stand is often needed to prevent the post-dialytic.rebound in plasma lithium levels as a result of the drug＇s relatively slow equilibration ac.oss c.llular membranes. Use of a c.nventional, phosphorus-free, bic.rbonate-based dialysis solution in the c.urse of a dialytic.treatment may engender hypophosphatemia in these individuals.

关键词： lithium intoxic.tion · hemodialysis · hypophosphatemia · phosphorus-enric.ed dialysis solution

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