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Situation analytics—at the dawn of a new software engineering paradigm

Science China(Information Sciences) 2018年第5期61卷 5-18页

作者： carl k.chang Department of Computer Science Iowa State University

In this paper, I first review the seminal work by Thomas kuhn — The Structure of Scientific Revolutions — and elaborate my view on paradigm shifts in software engineering research and practice as it turns 50 years old in 2018. I then examine major undertakings of the computing profession since early days of modern computing, especially those done by the software engineering community as a whole. I also enumerate anomalies and crises that occurred at various stages, and the attempts to provide solutions by the software engineering professionals in the past five decades. After providing such a background, I direct readers’ attention toward emerging anomalies in software engineering, at a severity level that is causing another software engineering crisis, and suggest a set of criteria for feasible solutions. The main theme of this paper is to advocate that situation analytics, equipped with necessary definitions of essential concepts including situation and intention as parts of a new computational framework, can serve as the foundation for a new software engineering paradigm named the Situation-Centric Paradigm. In this framework, situation is considered a new abstraction for computing and is clearly differentiated from the widely accepted existing abstractions, namely function and object. I argue that the software engineering professionals will inevitably move into this new paradigm, willingly or unwillingly, to empower Human-Embedded Computing(HEC) and End-User Embedded Computing(EUEC), much more than what they have done with traditional humancentered or user-centric computing altogether. In the end, I speculate that an ultimate agile method may be on the rise, and challenge readers to contemplate "what if" hundreds of thousands "end-user developers"emerge into the scene where the boundaries between end users and developers become much more blurred.

关键词： ultimate agile method context intention Internet of things paradigm situation software engineering human-embedded computing

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Modeling Software Project Scheduling Based on Team Productivity And Its Simulations

Modeling Software Project Scheduling Based on Team Productiv...

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2006年国际电子、工程及科学领域的分布式计算和应用学...

作者： carl k.chang Hsin-yi Jiang Dept.of Computer Science Iowa State University AmesIA50011USA

＜正＞Experienced software project managers understand the difficulty intrinsic to managing a complex software project where a large team of engineers and developers work together in a dynamic environment.This paper proposes a model to support software project scheduling based on team capability,in which dynamic elements are included.The model and its simulation experiments are reported.The results show that this model provides useful decision support under realistic conditions.

关键词： Project Scheduling Genetic Algorithm Team Productivity Optimization Software Project Management

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Sampling errors of the global mean sea level derived from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第6期30卷 12-18页

作者： WAGNER carl National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Stellite Data and Information Service

Sampling errors of the global mean sea level derived from TOPEX/Poseidon （T/P） altimetry are explored using 31/ 4a of eddy-resolving numerical model outputs for sea level. By definition, the sampling errors would not exist if data were available everywhere at all times. Four problems with increasing and progressively added complexities are examined to understand the causes of the sampling errors. The first problem （P1） explores the error incurred because T/P with turning latitudes near 66° latitudes does not cover the entire globe. The second problem （P2） examines, in addition, the spatial sampling issue because samples are only available along T/P ground tracks. The third problem （P3） adds the additional complexity that sea level at any along track location is sampled only once every 10 d versus every 3 d for the model （i.e., the temporal sampling issue）. The fourth problem （P4） incorporates the full complexity with the addition of real T/P data outages. The numerical model （Los Alamos POP model Run 11） conserves the total water volume, thus generating no global mean sea level variation. Yet when the model sea level is sampled in the four problems （with P4 using the real T/P sampling）, variations occur as manifestations of the sampling errors. The results show root-mean-squares （rms） sampling errors for P1 of 0.67 （0.75） mm for 10 d （3 d） global mean sea level, 0.78 （0.86） mm for P2, 0.79 mm for P3, and 1.07 mm for P4, whereas the amplitudes of the sampling errors can be as large as 2.0 （2.7） mm for P1, 2.1 （2.7） mm for P2, 2.2 mm for P3, and 2.5 mm for P4. The results clearly show the largest source of the sampling errors to be the lack of global coverage （i.e., P1）, which the model has actually underestimated due to its own less-than-global coverage （between latitudes about 77° latitudes）. We have extrapolated that a truly global model would show the rms sampling error to be 1.14 （1.28） mm for P1, thus implying a substantially larger sampling error for P4.

关键词： sea level global warming remote sensing physical oceanography

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遗传算法在软件项目管理中的应用及研究

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计算机工程与设计 2006年第11期27卷 1989-1992页

作者：葛羽嘉 chang carl k 浙江工商大学计算机和信息工程学院浙江杭州310012 爱荷华州大学计算机科学系美国爱荷华州50010

遗传算法(genetic algorithms,GAs)因其能适应任意限制条件和目标问题,被普遍应用在各种调度优化问题中,但是针对于特定的软件项目管理问题和环境,没有系统的研究和分析。通过对传统调度问题中遗传算法的研究,结合软件项目管理的特点,... 详细信息

遗传算法(genetic algorithms,GAs)因其能适应任意限制条件和目标问题,被普遍应用在各种调度优化问题中,但是针对于特定的软件项目管理问题和环境,没有系统的研究和分析。通过对传统调度问题中遗传算法的研究,结合软件项目管理的特点,提出和比较了基于任务和基于时间轴的两种模型,以及GA编码和算子的设计。并通过与其他启发式算法上的性能比较实验,确认了GA在软件项目管理问题中的优势。

关键词：遗传算法软件项目管理调度优化启发式搜索

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Rare case of perforated giant gastric ulcer with concurrent thyroid storm:A case report

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World Journal of Surgical Procedures 2022年第1期12卷 8-12页

作者： Jasper Xiangwei Wang Lin Seong Soh Dinesh carl Junis Mahendran chang Yi Woon Clement Luck khng Chia Department of General Surgery Khoo Teck Puat HospitalSingapore 768828Singapore Department of Endocrinology Khoo Teck Puat HospitalSingapore 768828Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore

BACkGROUND Thyroid storm is an uncommon condition manifesting in severe thyrotoxicosis with a high mortality rate.The concurrence of peptic ulcer disease and hyperthyroidism is rare due to concurrent activation of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways.We present a case of perforated giant gastric ulcer with concurrent thyroid storm who underwent damage control surgery with emergency patch repair with falciform ligament and recovered well.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male chronic smoker,with no previous medical history,presented with severe generalized abdominal pain and vomiting for one day duration.Further history revealed weight loss,diarrhea,and anxiety over the past three months.On clinical examination,patient was febrile with temperature of 38.6 Degrees Celsius and tachycardic at 130-140 beats per minute,his blood pressure was low at 90/50mmHg.His abdomen was tender with generalized peritonism.In view of his clinical history,a thyroid screen was ordered which showed raised thyroxine(T4)levels of 90.3 pmol/L and low thyroxine stimulating hormone(TSH)levels of 0.005μU/mL.Chest X-ray showed no sub-diaphragmatic free air,but contrasted CT scan revealed pneumoperitoneum with large amount of intraabdominal free fluid.The working diagnosis was perforated peptic ulcer complicated by thyroid storm.An urgent endocrinologist consult was made,and patient was started on beta blocker and intravenous steroids pre-operatively.The patient underwent emergency laparotomy with washout and patch repair of the perforated gastric ulcer.Patient was monitored post-operatively in intensive care unit and required IV hydrocortisone and Lugol’s iodine.Histology of the ulcer edges showed no malignancy.On post-operative day seven,T4 decreased to 20.4 pmol/L,TSH was 0.005 mLU/L.His thyroid function test subsequently normalized 3 mo post-operatively with T418.1 pmol/L,TSH 1.91 mLU/L.Patient’s recovery was otherwise uneventful.Thyroid receptor antibody subsequently was positive,and patient was managed for Grave’s disease by the end

关键词： Peptic ulcer Perforated viscus Thyroid storm Multidisciplinary Grave’s disease Case report

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Can Provision of Health Information Lead to Healthier, Longer Lives?

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第5期2卷 538-543页

作者： carl E. Bartecchi Robert W. Schrier Christine Nevin-Woods Lin chang Anne Hill Cathy Dehn 不详

As health promoters, we seek ways to direct our patients and the public to those activities that will lead to a healthier and longer life. Many programs have been tried with relatively small groups of individuals, with limited or unsustained success. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of providing free, quality, unbiased, frequently updated, untainted, easily accessible information to an entire community (Pueblo, Colorado) of 60,000 households. The study showed that certain groups, namely the better educated, health care workers and females benefitted most from the health information provided them. Whether the population most in need of such information was effectively reached remained unanswered due to lack of feedback from this targeted group. This study provided some valuable insights into the various challenges that one faces in trying to develop a better health-informed, participating population. It also suggests the need to continue to search for an effective way to produce the desired changes in health outcomes.

关键词： Health

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Prediction and verification of heat capacities for pure ionic liquids

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第3期34卷 169-176页

作者： Zhengxing Dai Yifeng Chen chang Liu Xiaohua Lu Yanrong Liu Xiaoyan Ji State key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China Energy Engineering Division of Energy ScienceLuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleåSweden Swerim AB Box 812SE-97125 LuleåSweden

The heat capacity of ionic liquids is an important physical property,and experimental measuring is usually used as a common method to obtain them.Owing to the huge number of ionic liquids that can be potentially synthesized,it is desirable to acquire theoretical predictions.In this work,the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents(COSMO-RS)was used to predict the heat capacity of pure ionic liquids,and an intensive literature survey was conducted for providing a database to verify the prediction of COSMO-RS.The survey shows that the heat capacity is available for 117 ionic liquids at temperatures ranging 77.66-520 k since 2004,and the 4025 data points in total with the values from 76.37 to 1484 J·mol^(-1)·k^(-1) have been reported.The prediction of heat capacity with COSMO-RS can only be conducted at two temperatures(298 and 323 k).The comparison with the experimental data proves the prediction reliability of COSMO-RS,and the average relative deviation(ARD)is 8.54%.Based on the predictions at two temperatures,a linear equation was obtained for each ionic liquid,and the heat capacities at other temperatures were then estimated via interpolation and extrapolation.The acquired heat capacities at other temperatures were then compared with the experimental data,and the ARD is only 9.50%.This evidences that the heat capacity of a pure ionic liquid follows a linear equation within the temperature range of study,and COSMO-RS can be used to predict the heat capacity of ionic liquids reliably.

关键词： Ionic liquids Heat capacity COSMO-RS

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3D Printing of Cell-Container-Like Scaffolds for Multicell Tissue Engineering

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Engineering 2020年第11期6卷 1276-1284页

作者： Xiaoya Wang Meng Zhang Jingge Ma Mengchi Xu Jiang chang Michael Gelinsky Chengtie Wu State key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Translational Bone Joint and Soft Tissue Research.University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus&Faculty of MedicineTechnische Universitat DresdenDresden 01307Germany

The development of an engineered non-contact multicellular coculture model that can mimic the in v iv o cell microenvironment of human tissues remains challenging.In this study,we successfully fabricated a cell-container-like scaffold composed of p-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite(p-TCP/HA)bioceramic that contains four different pore structures,including triangles,squares,parallelograms,and rectangles,by means of three-dimensional(3D)printing technology.These scaffolds can be used to simultaneously culture four types of cells in a non-contact way.An engineered 3D coculture model composed of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(HBMSCs),human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells(HUVSMCs),and human dermal fibroblasts(HDFs)with a spatially controlled distribution was constructed to investigate the individual or synergistic effects of these cells in osteogenesis and angiogenesis.The results showed that three or four kinds of cells cocultured in 3D cell containers exhibited a higher cell proliferation rate in comparison with that of a single cell type.Detailed studies into the cell-cell interactions between HBMSCs and HUVECs revealed that the 3D cell containers with four separate spatial structures enhanced the angiogenesis and osteogenesis of cells by amplifying the paracrine effect of the cocultured cells.Furthermore,the establishment of multicellular non-contact systems including three types of cells and four types of cells,respectively,cocultured in 3D cell containers demonstrated obvious advantages in enhancing osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation in comparison with monoculture modes and two-cell coculture modes.This study offers a new direction for developing a scaffold-based multicellular non-contact coculture system for tissue regeneration.

关键词： 3D cell containers Non-contact multicellular coculture Interactions Angiogenesis Osteogenesis

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A Risk Score System for Myopia Symptom Warning

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Current Medical Science 2019年第3期39卷 455-462页

作者： Dan-dan DU Wen-long XU Li-hua YANG He-xin WANG chang-mei GU Jia TANG Fang LI Ting XU Shi-qing WU Mei-xia LU Department of Epidemiology and Statistics and the Ministry of Education (MOE) key Lab of Environment and Health School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China Wuhan Center for Adolescent Poor Vision Prevention & Control Wuhan 430015 China Wuhan Commission of Experts for the Prevention &. Control of Adolescent Poor Vision Wuhan 430015 China China Innovation and Research and Development Center Carl Zeiss (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. ZEISS Group Shanghai 200131 China Wuhan Academy of Educational Science Wuhan 430030China Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control Wuhan 430015 China

Myopia is the leading cause of visual impairments worldwide. Some studies revealed that visual experience in early life affected the final myopia, indicating that environmental factors play an impellent role in the development of myopia. However, risk factors of myopia are still not identified among adolescents in China. A total of 4104 cases of myopia symptom and 3306 emmetropia controls were selected from students in primary and middle schools in Wuhan in 2008. We identified the risk factors associated with myopia symptom by multivariate logistic regression in this cross-sectional study and constructed a risk score system for myopia symptom. The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.735. Furthermore, we followed up 93 students aged 7-9 years for one year and calculated the total points using the score system. We found no significant difference between the final myopia symptom and the results predicted by the total points by pair chi-square test (P>0.05). The score system had a modest ability to estimate the risk factors of myopia symptom. Using this score system, we could identify the students who are at risk of myopia symptom in the future according to their behaviors and environmental factors, and take measures to slow the progress of myopia symptom.

关键词： myopia symptom adolescents risk score system

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大同新图书馆

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中国建筑装饰装修 2011年第12期 46-49页

作者： Preston Scott Cohen Matthew Allen carl D' Apolito-Dworkin Collin Gardner Michelle chang Juan Jofre Mary Stuckert Janna kauss

作为一个中央图书馆,大同新图书馆需要解决其扮演的两个不同角色之间的冲突：一是作为社会文化活动中心,同时它还是一个藏书馆和安静的研究中心。整个建筑的造型缓解了这两种功能之间的紧张关系,以两个极具张力的折射空间为中心。社会... 详细信息

作为一个中央图书馆,大同新图书馆需要解决其扮演的两个不同角色之间的冲突：一是作为社会文化活动中心,同时它还是一个藏书馆和安静的研究中心。整个建筑的造型缓解了这两种功能之间的紧张关系,以两个极具张力的折射空间为中心。社会活动公共区的主体是一个花园式庭院,周围设置有教室、展览厅、阅览室以及一个礼堂。对称的庭院形成了一个开阔的螺旋式中庭,将四层的藏书区域连成一体。

关键词：图书馆大同文化活动中心社会活动花园式公共区展览厅阅览室

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