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遵循严格评估的基本原则

英国医学杂志中文版 2006年第5期9卷 315-316页

作者： carl j heneghan clinical research fellow Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Department of Primary Health CareUniversity of OxfordOxford OX3 7LF carl

编辑：你好。在刘祖联等作者关于高压氧治疗的系统性综述中（见本刊2006，4期，212～215页），一些方法学问题需要强调。轮流分配病人到不同治疗组，或根据患者的出生日期、人院次序或者就诊时间等特点进行分组的方法并非可靠的随机方... 详细信息

编辑：你好。在刘祖联等作者关于高压氧治疗的系统性综述中（见本刊2006，4期，212～215页），一些方法学问题需要强调。轮流分配病人到不同治疗组，或根据患者的出生日期、人院次序或者就诊时间等特点进行分组的方法并非可靠的随机方式。这样得到的分配顺序是可预知的，不能保证没有因预先干涉而排除潜在的研究对象。。对这类研究以及方法部分未提到“随机”的研究都应再做敏感度分析。如果研究资料报告不充分，作者有责任解释清楚。

关键词：评估严格系统性综述高压氧治疗敏感度分析法学问题出生日期就诊时间

奥司他韦治疗成人和儿童流感：临床研究报告和药品监管评论概要系统性综述

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英国医学杂志中文版 2014年第4期17卷 209-209页

作者： Tom jefferson Mark jones Peter Doshi Elizabeth A Spencer Igho Onakpoya carl j heneghan 李辉曹彬 Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group Via Puglie 23 00187 Rome Italy School of Population Health University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院感染和临床微生物科

目的通过分析所有的临床随机对照试验（或者相似的研究）和药品监管评论，来描述奥司他韦治疗流感的潜在益处和风险。

关键词：系统监管临床儿童成人流感

miniSCIDOM: a scintillator-based tomograph for volumetric dose reconstruction of single laser-driven proton bunches

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 41-50页

作者： A.Corvino M.Reimold E.Beyreuther F.-E.Brack F.Kroll j.Pawelke j.D.Schilz M.Schneider U.Schramm M.E.P.Umlandt K.Zeil T.Ziegler j.Metzkes-Ng Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf DresdenGermany Technische Universität Dresden DresdenGermany OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTUD Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–RossendorfDresdenGermany Current affiliation:Institut Curie UniversitéPSLCNRS UMR3347OrsayFrance Current affiliation:Universitätsklinikum Freiburg FreiburgGermany

Laser plasma accelerators(LPAs)enable the generation of intense and short proton bunches on a micrometre scale,thus offering new experimental capabilities to research fields such as ultra-high dose rate radiobiology or material *** spectrally broadband,laser-accelerated proton bunches allow for tailored volumetric dose deposition in a sample via single bunches to excite or probe specific sample *** rising number of such experiments indicates a need for diagnostics providing spatially resolved characterization of dose distributions with volumes of approximately 1 cm^(3) for single proton bunches to allow for fast online *** we present the scintillator-based miniSCIDOM detector for online single-bunch tomographic reconstruction of dose distributions in volumes of up to approximately 1 cm^(3).The detector achieves a spatial resolution below 500μm and a sensitivity of 100 *** detector performance is tested at a proton therapy cyclotron and an LPA proton *** experiments’primary focus is the characterization of the scintillator’s ionization quenching behaviour.

关键词： beam monitoring detectors laser-driven proton beams scintillator-based diagnostics ultra-high dose rate

Supramolecular Self-assembly Formed from Cucurbit[8]uril and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2023年第6期39卷 1058-1063页

作者： WANG Chenghui YU Zhichao BAI Qinghong PAN Dingwu PRIOR Timothy j TAO Zhu REDSHAW carl XIAO Xin Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025P.R.China Chemistry School of Natural SciencesUniversity of HullHull HU67RXUK

The binding behavior of cucurbit[8]uril(Q[8])and p-hydroxybenzoic acid(p-HBA)has been investigated using ^(1)H NMR titration experiments,UV-Vis absorption,isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC),and X-ray *** revealed that the Q[8]can accommodate two p-HBA molecules to form a 1:2 host-guest inclusion complex in solution,namely(p-HBA)2@Q[8].From a poorly scattering crystal,we were able to identify two symmetry unique Q[8]rings,but with different p-HBA *** structure can be represented as Q[8]+1.5 p-HBA,which gives Q[8]@(p-HBA)2∙Q[8]@p-HBA as the structural *** supramolecular structure was screened for its ability to capture *** experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency of the supramolecular organic framework material for iodine capture was 43.8%,with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 223.3 mg/g.

关键词： Supramolecular self-assembly Cucurbituril p-Hydroxybenzoic acid

Evidence for Cerebral Microvascular Injury in Head Trauma Involving Infants and Young Children

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journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2022年第2期8卷 41-45页

作者： Rudolph j.Castellani Ashley Rose Scholl carl j.Schmidt Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA Department of Pathology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Pathology Wayne County Medical Examiner's OfficeDetroitMichiganUSA Department of Pathology University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Background:The pathophysiology of lethal head trauma in infants and young children involves repetitive rotational forces of sufficient magnitude to produce subdural hemorrhage and brain swelling,which leads to considerable morbidity and *** precise mechanism for brain swelling is *** and Methods:We examined cerebral tissue from ten pediatric deaths due to blunt force trauma,along with seven control infants who asphyxiated in unsafe sleep *** assess the competence of the blood-brain barrier,we performed immunohistochemical stains for albumin and immunoglobulin G(IgG).Results:IgG and albumin were increased in subpial and superficial perivascular tissue in those cases due to blunt force trauma,and in particular,the blunt force trauma associated with subdural *** included two deaths at the scene without hospital survival ***:Our findings suggest disruption of the blood-brain barrier with vasogenic edema as an early event in head trauma involving young children upstream of global ischemic brain *** hypothesize that mechanical injury to the cortical vasculature results in vasogenic edema by oncotic(increased plasma proteins in the cortical interstitium)and hydrostatic(increased capillary pressure)mechanisms,with subsequent cortical *** may explain why ischemic sequelae appear to occur in head trauma involving young children,regardless of whether anoxia,hypotension,or cardiac arrest complicate the disease course and may in part underlie the high morbidity and mortality of head trauma in early childhood.

关键词： Edema pediatric head trauma subdural hematoma traumatic brain injury

Hierarchically Structured Nanocomposites via a“Systems Materials Science”Approach

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第12期3卷 1248-1259页

作者： Rebecca L.Li carl j.Thrasher Theodore Hueckel Robert j.Macfarlane Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139United States

CONSPECTUS:Nanocomposite materials can achieve desirable characteristics otherwise unavailable to single component systems,making them attractive platforms to precisely modulate a material’s mechanical,electromagnetic,thermal,and optical *** these properties are often dependent on the organization of constituent materials just as much as their relative composition,intentionally programming composite properties requires hierarchical structural control across many length ***,the fundamental forces governing the atomic,molecular,nanoscale,microscale,and macroscale composition and structure of a material are all interlinked,and thus must be manipulated simultaneously to properly create ideal designer materials.

关键词： properties composite composites

Out-of-core clustering of volumetric datasets

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第7期7卷 1134-1140页

作者： GRANBERG carl j. Department of Computing Curtin University of Technology Perth Australia

In this paper we present a novel method for dividing and clustering large volumetric scalar out-of-core datasets. This work is based on the Ordered Cluster Binary Tree (OCBT) structure created using a top-down or divisive clustering method. The OCBT structure allows fast and efficient sub volume queries to be made in combination with level of detail (LOD) queries of the tree. The initial partitioning of the large out-of-core dataset is done by using non-axis aligned planes calculated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A hybrid OCBT structure is also proposed where an in-core cluster binary tree is combined with a large out-of-core file.

关键词： Out-of-core clustering Hybrid rendering Scientific visualization

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偏倚一览:选择性报告结果偏倚

英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第6期25卷 350-352页

作者： Elizabeth T Thomas carl heneghan 孟玲慧(译) Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine NuffieldDepartment of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK 首都儿科研究所循证医学中心

背景临床试验能够降低干预措施利弊的不确定性。目标结果在试验前就应(预先)确定,并充分考虑临床相关的患者照护问题。

关键词：干预措施临床试验不确定性偏倚照护临床相关选择性报告

Impact of comorbidity on waiting list and post-transplant outcomes in patients undergoing liver retransplantation

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World journal of Hepatology 2017年第20期9卷 884-895页

作者： Mohammad A B Al-Freah carl Moran Matthew R Foxton Kosh Agarwal julia A Wendon Nigel D Heaton Michael A heneghan Institute of Liver Studies King’s College HospitalLondon SE5 9RSUnited Kingdom

AIM To determine the impact of Charlson comorbidity index(CCI) on waiting list(WL) and post liver retransplantation(LRT) *** Comparative study of all adult patients assessed for primary liver transplant(PLT)(n = 1090) and patients assessed for LRT(n = 150), 2000-2007 at our centre. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were recorded. RESULTS Median age for all patients was 53 years and 66% were men. Median model for end stage liver disease(MELD) score was 15. Median follow-up was 7- years. For retransplant patients, 84(56%) had ≥ 1 comorbidity. The most common comorbidity was renal impairment in 66(44.3%). WL mortality was higher in patients with ≥ 1 comorbidity(76% vs 53%, P = 0.044). CCI(OR = 2.688, 95%CI: 1.222-5.912, P = 0.014) was independently associated with WL mortality. Patients with MELD score ≥ 18 had inferior WL survival(LogRank 6.469, P = 0.011). On multivariate analysis,CCI(OR = 2.823, 95%CI: 1.563-5101, P = 0.001), MELD score ≥ 18(OR 2.506, 95%CI: 1.044-6.018, P = 0.04), and requirement for organ support prior to LRT(P < 0.05) were associated with reduced post-LRT survival. Donor/graft parameters were not associated with survival(P = NS). Post-LRT mortality progressively increased according to the number of transplanted grafts(Log-Rank 18.455, P < 0.001). Post-LRT patient survival at 1-, 3- and 5-years were significantly inferior to those of PLT at 88% vs 73%, P < 0.001, 81% vs 71%, P = 0.018 and 69% vs 55%, P = 0.006, respectively. CONCLUSION Comorbidity increases WL and post-LRT mortality. Patients with MELD ≥ 18 have increased WL mortality. Patients with comorbidity or MELD ≥ 18 may benefit from earlier LRT. LRT for ≥ 3 grafts may not represent appropriate use of donated grafts.

关键词： Hepatic Organ Outcome Diabetes Renal