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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy—A Case Report in an Immunocompetent Patient

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2018年第1期8卷 10-16页

作者： Ana Faceira Daniela Magalhaes Filipa Ceia Joao Nuak carina reis Susana Ferreira Internal Medicine Department Hospital de Sao JoaoPortoPortugal Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto PortoPortugal Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism DepartmentHospital de Sao JoaoPortoPortugal Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal Infectious Diseases Department Hospital de Sao JoaoPortoPortugal Neuroradiology Department Hospital de Sao JoaoPortoPortugal

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system due to the reactivation of the JC virus, which usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and is a major opportunistic infection associated with HIV infection. We report a case of a previously healthy patient who was diagnosed with PML.

关键词： Immunosuppression Immunocompetent JC Virus Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Diabetic neuropathic pain:Physiopathology and treatment

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第3期6卷 432-444页

作者： Anne K Schreiber carina FM Nones Renata C reis Juliana G Chichorro Joice M Cunha Department of Pharmacology Biological Sciences SectorFederal University of Parana

Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes,which affects over 90% of the diabetic *** pain is one of the main symptoms of diabetic neuropathy,its pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet fully *** is widely accepted that the toxic effects of hyperglycemia play an important role in the development of this complication,but several other hypotheses have been *** management of diabetic neuropathic pain consists basically in excluding other causes of painful peripheral neuropathy,improving glycemic control as a prophylactic therapy and using medications to alleviate *** line drugs for pain relief include anticonvulsants,such as pregabalin and gabapentin and antidepressants,especial y those that act to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and *** addition,there is experimental and clinical evidence that opioids can be helpful in pain control,mainly if associated with first line *** agents,including for topical application,such as capsaicin cream and lidocaine patches,have also been proposed to be useful as adjuvants in the control of diabetic neuropathic pain,but the clinical evidence is insufficient to support their *** conclusion,a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathic pain will contribute to the search of new therapies,but also to the improvement of the guidelines to optimize pain control with the drugs currently available.

关键词： Diabetes Neuropathic pain Hyperglycemia Anticonvulsants Antidepressants

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