Urinary bladder cancer(UBC)is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical outcomes and responses to *** some advances in the molecular understanding of UBC,this knowledge still has not been translated to the...
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Urinary bladder cancer(UBC)is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical outcomes and responses to *** some advances in the molecular understanding of UBC,this knowledge still has not been translated to the clinic in terms of improvements in the prognosis and treatment of *** urinary bladder tumor models representative of the human disease in terms of histology and behavior are needed to study factors involved in tumor initiation,progression and ***,accurate model systems would facilitate identification of new therapeutic targets and predictive markers that could lead to optimization of existing therapies and development of new *** established cancer cell lines derived from human urinary bladder tumors representing different grades and stages have been used as experimental models for UBC *** cell lines reflect some of the genetic and morphologic alterations observed in human urothelial carcinoma and serve as simplified models to study the behavior of cancer cells in ***,their translational potential is limited due to the artificial conditions,in which the cells are maintained,grown and *** models offer a more complex and realistic model for the establishment,development,and progression of tumors as well as to evaluate new therapeutic *** the years,the authors'group has worked with several UBC cell lines,established and characterized chemically induced UBC models,and patient-derived xenografts *** this study,the authors will provide a summary of the UBC models developed by their group,analyze their translational potential and weaknesses,and define areas that remain to be explored.
Many carnivores require large ranges to meet their ecological and energetic needs;however,anthropogenic changes threaten species and their *** traps have been used to effectively collect data on carnivores in a vari...
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Many carnivores require large ranges to meet their ecological and energetic needs;however,anthropogenic changes threaten species and their *** traps have been used to effectively collect data on carnivores in a variety of habitat types;however,a single survey effort is typically limited to species that have similar body size,habitat use and movement patterns,and individual identification of animals is not always pos*** evaluated whether scat detection dogs could effectively survey for 4 wide-ranging felids that vary in these characteristics:jaguars(Panthera onca),pumas(Puma concolor),ocelots(Leopardus pardalis)and oncillas(Leopardus tigrinus).From June to October 2009 and May to August 2011,a detection dog-handler team detected 588 scats,from which 176 unique genotypes were *** assigned sex to 84.7%of the genotyped scats and identified 55 individuals multiple *** effectiveness of these noninvasive techniques(detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat)not only opens the door for additional studies in areas that were previously difficult or impossible with standard survey techniques,but also provides conservationists with a set of tools that overcome some of the limitations associated with the use of camera traps alone.
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