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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the w51 complex

Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, y.X. Bao, y.w. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, y.J. Bian, w. Bukevich, A.V. cao, Q. cao, w.y. cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, y. Cheng, N. Cheng, y.D. Cui, M.y. Cui, S.w. Cui, X.H. Cui, y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, y. Feng, y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, w. Gao, w.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, y.Q. Guo, y.y. Han, y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.y. He, y. Hor, y.K. Hou, B.w. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, w.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.y. Huang, y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.w. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, w.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, E.w. Liang, y.F. Lin, S.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.y. Liu, R.y. Liu, S.M. Liu, w. Liu, y. Liu, y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, w. Mu, H.J. Nan, y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, F.w. Song, H.C. Stenkin, yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the w51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) w51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, w51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of w51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the w51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the w51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the w51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within w51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the w51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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Effect of Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+ doping on luminescent property of GdNbO4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 66-75页

作者： S.w.wi y.S.Lee Department of Physics and Integrative Institute of Basic Sciences Soongsil University

we investigated the emission properties of Eu3+-doped GdNbO4-based oxide phosphors,aiming at improving the Eu3+emission by codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Eu3+singly doped,Eu3+and Bi3+doubly doped,and Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+triply doped GdNbO4were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction *** red-orange emissions from Eu3+in the singly doped samples are significantly improved by the codoping of Bi3+,mainly due to the energy transfer from Bi3+to Eu3+.The additional codoping of Li+is found to increase the Eu3+emission *** improvement might be attributed to the increase in the photoluminescent quantum yield originating from larger grain sizes and better crystallinity.A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern and the asymmetric ratio estimated from the photoluminescence spectra show that the local lattice environment around Eu3+in GdNbO4does not change significantly with the codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Our results indicate that Li+doping is a promising w.y.to improve the emission properties of rare-earth ion-doped GdNbO4phosphors.

关键词： Eu 3+ GdNbO 4 Codoping of Li + Photoluminescence Sensitizer Rare earths

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Controlling of coordination state of Ru_(x)N_(y) clusters for efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysis

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1035-1041页

作者： weiyang Fu yihuan yu Tongtong Liu yinliang cao Zhengping Zhang Feng wang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Zhejiang Tianneng Hydrogen Energy Technology Co. Ltd.Huzhou 313100China

Ruthenium(Ru)is an attractive potential alternative to platinum as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),in virtue of its high catalytic selectivity and relatively low *** this work,a series of well-dispersed nitrogen-coordinated Ru-clusters on carbon black(Ru_(x)N_(y)/C)were prepared by pyrolyzing different Ru-containing sandwich compounds as the Ru *** higher thermal stability of these complexed sandwich precursors(bis(1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Ru(II)monomer,dichloro(p-cymene)Ru(II)dimer,and chloro(1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Ru(II)tetramer)affords the control of coordinated state for the resulting Ru-clusters,in comparison of that derived from ruthenium *** the pyrolysis treatment,the Ru coordinated state in Ru_(x)N_(y)/C,with the Ru–N and Ru–Ru bonds,still showed the structural inheritance from the Ru(II)monomer,dimer,and tetramer,but using ruthenium chlorides as the Ru source resulted in the nanoscale Ru *** ORR testing exhibited that the Ru_(x)N_(y)/C sample derived from the Ru(II)tetramer(Ru_(x)N_(y)/C-T)presents the higher catalytic activity than the other obtained samples in either alkaline or acidic *** in the acidic electrolyte,Ru_(x)N_(y)/C-T shows the comparable ORR activity to that of Pt/C catalysts,and it shows the superior tolerance against methanol and *** X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that these tetra-nuclear Ru-clusters could be the most active site due to their broadened d-orbital bands and lower energy d-band center than those of other subnano species and nanocrystals,and their favorable yeager-type adsorption of O_(2)-molecules is also contributed to promoting O–O bond cleavage and accelerating the ORR process.

关键词： ruthenium clusters coordination environment sandwich compounds electrocatalysis oxygen reduction reaction

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Synergistic enhancement on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg-Zn-y alloy via V-microalloying

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 530-545页

作者： Jiaxin Zhang Xin Ding Ruirun Chen wenchao cao Jinshan Zhang Rui Zhao National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals Harbin Institute of TechnologyNo.92West Dazhi StreetHarbinHeilongjiang 150001China College of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyNo.79West Yingze StreetTaiyuanShanxi 030024China

For the sake of improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg alloy synergistically,various content of element V(0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20 wt.%)are introduced into an Mg-Zn-y alloy with long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)structure,and the effects of V on its microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are investigated *** results indicate that the grains are effectively refined by V addition,and the primaryα-Mg in Mg-Zn-y-V0.1 alloy is most significantly refined,with grain size being decreased by 62%.The amount of 18R LPSO structure is increased owing to the V *** growth mode of the second phase(w-phase and 18R LPSO structure)is transformed to divorced growth pattern,which ascribes to the thermodynamic drive force of V to promote the nucleation of LPSO ***,18R LPSO structure presents a continuous *** to grains refinement and modification of second phase,the tensile strength and strain of alloys are both enhanced ***,the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of V0.1 alloy are 254 MPa and 15.26%,which are 41%and 61%higher than those of V-free alloy,*** to the continuously distributed 18R LPSO structure with refined grains and stable product film,the weight loss and hydrogen evolution corrosion rates of V0.1 alloy are 7.1 and 6.2 mmy^(-1),respectively,which are 42.6%and 45.4%lower than those of V-free alloy.

关键词： Corrosion Mechanical property V-microalloying LPSO SKPFM

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Interfacial stress engineering toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO2 thin films

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CHINESE PHySICS B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： Chen, S. X. Chen, M. M. Liu, y. cao, D. w. Chen, G. J. Jiangsu Univ Dept Microelect Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Dept Phys Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Foshan Univ Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Intelligent Mi Foshan 528225 Peoples R China

Ferroelectric HfO2 has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. However, the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase (o-phase) HfO2 is less competitive, which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO2 thin films. Fortunately, the crystallization of o-phase HfO2 can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress engineering. In this paper, the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO2 (HfO2:Al) thin films on (111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported. Structural analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO2:Al grown on (111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain, which promoted the crystallization of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2 in the as-grown HfO2:Al thin films. In addition, the in-plane lattice of (111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2, which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO2. Accordingly, an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 26.7 mu C/cm(2) has been obtained. The results shown in this work provide a simple w.y.toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO2 thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering compressive strain HfO2 THERMAL-EXPANSION

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Knowledge-Driven Possibilistic Clustering with Automatic Cluster Elimination

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4917-4945页

作者： Hu X. Tang y. Pedrycz w. Jiang J. Jiang y. The School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China The School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton T6R 2V4 AB Canada The Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw 00-901 Poland The School of Information Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing 210023 China

Traditional Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Possibilistic C-Means (PCM) clustering algorithms are data-driven, and their objective function minimization process is based on the available numeric data. Recently, knowledge hints have been introduced to form knowledge-driven clustering algorithms, which reveal a data structure that considers not only the relationships between data but also the compatibility with knowledge hints. However, these algorithms cannot produce the optimal number of clusters by the clustering algorithm itself; they require the assistance of evaluation indices. Moreover, knowledge hints are usually used as part of the data structure (directly replacing some clustering centers), which severely limits the flexibility of the algorithm and can lead to knowledge misguidance. To solve this problem, this study designs a new knowledge-driven clustering algorithm called the PCM clustering with High-density Points (HP-PCM), in which domain knowledge is represented in the form of so-called high-density points. First, a new data density calculation function is proposed. The Density Knowledge Points Extraction (DKPE) method is established to filter out high-density points from the dataset to form knowledge hints. Then, these hints are incorporated into the PCM objective function so that the clustering algorithm is guided by high-density points to discover the natural data structure. Finally, the initial number of clusters is set to be greater than the true one based on the number of knowledge hints. Then, the HP-PCM algorithm automatically determines the final number of clusters during the clustering process by considering the cluster elimination mechanism. Through experimental studies, including some comparative analyses, the results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, such as the increased success rate in clustering, the ability to determine the optimal cluster number, and the faster convergence speed. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by

关键词： Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) fuzzy logic knowledge-driven machine learning optimal number of clusters possibilistic clustering

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Advanced Design of Soft Robots with Artificial Intelligence

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 474-521页

作者： ying cao Bingang Xu Bin Li Hong Fu Nanotechnology Center School of Fashion and TextilesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077People's Republic of China Department of Mathematics and Information Technology The Education University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077People's Republic of China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049People's Republic of China

In recent years,breakthrough has been made in the field of artificial intelligence(AI),which has also revolutionized the industry of *** robots featured with high-level safety,less weight,lower power consumption have alw.y. been one of the research ***,multifunctional sensors for perception of soft robotics have been rapidly developed,while more algorithms and models of machine learning with high accuracy have been optimized and *** of soft robots with AI have also been advanced ranging from multimodal sensing,human-machine interaction to effective actuation in robotic ***-less,comprehensive reviews concerning the new developments and strategies for the ingenious design of the soft robotic systems equipped with AI are ***,the new development is systematically reviewed in the field of soft robots with ***,background and mechanisms of soft robotic systems are briefed,after which development focused on how to endow the soft robots with AI,including the aspects of feeling,thought and reaction,is ***,applications of soft robots with AI are systematically summarized and discussed together with advanced strategies proposed for performance *** thoughts for future intelligent soft robotics are pointed ***,some perspectives are put forward.

关键词： Soft robotic systems Artificial intelligence Design tactics Review and perspective

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Low-rank matrix recovery with total generalized variation for defending adversarial examples

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第3期25卷 432-445页

作者： wen LI Hengyou wANG Lianzhi HUO Qiang HE Linlin CHEN Zhiquan HE wing w.y.Ng School of Science Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen 518060China Institute of Big Data Modeling and Technology Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

Low-rank matrix decomposition with first-order total variation(TV)regularization exhibits excellent performance in exploration of image *** advantage of its excellent performance in image denoising,we apply it to improve the robustness of deep neural ***,although TV regularization can improve the robustness of the model,it reduces the accuracy of normal samples due to its *** our work,we develop a new low-rank matrix recovery model,called LRTGV,which incorporates total generalized variation(TGV)regularization into the reweighted low-rank matrix recovery *** the proposed model,TGV is used to better reconstruct texture information without *** reweighted nuclear norm and Li-norm can enhance the global structure ***,the proposed LRTGV can destroy the structure of adversarial noise while re-enhancing the global structure and local texture of the *** solve the challenging optimal model issue,we propose an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of *** results show that the proposed algorithm has a certain defense capability against black-box attacks,and outperforms state-of-the-art low-rank matrix recovery methods in image restoration.

关键词： Total generalized variation Low-rank matrix Alternating direction method of multipliers Adversarial example

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weakly Supervised Object Localization with Background Suppression Erasing for Art Authentication and Copyright Protection

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 89-103页

作者： Chaojie wu Mingyang Li ying Gao Xinyan Xie wing w.y.Ng Ahmad Musyafa School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 511442China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangzhou 510180China

The problem of art forgery and infringement is becoming increasingly prominent,since diverse self-media contents with all kinds of art pieces are released on the Internet every *** art paintings,object detection and localization provide an efficient and ef-fective means of art authentication and copyright ***,the acquisition of a precise detector requires large amounts of ex-pensive pixel-level *** alleviate this,we propose a novel weakly supervised object localization(wSOL)with background su-perposition erasing(BSE),which recognizes objects with inexpensive image-level ***,integrated adversarial erasing(IAE)for vanilla convolutional neural network(CNN)dropouts the most discriminative region by leveraging high-level semantic ***,a background suppression module(BSM)limits the activation area of the IAE to the object region through a self-guidance ***,in the inference phase,we utilize the refined importance map(RIM)of middle features to obtain class-agnostic loc-alization *** experiments are conducted on paintings,CUB-200-2011 and ILSVRC to validate the effectiveness of our BSE.

关键词： weakly supervised object localization erasing method deep learning computer vision art authentication and copyright protection

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Screening and identification of salt tolerance soybean varieties and germplasms

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 204-210页

作者： Chen L. Peng L. Ouyang w. yao H. ye y. Shan Z. cao D. Chen S. yang Z. Huang y. Han B. Sha A. Zhou X. Chen H. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430062 China College of Agriculture Yangtze University Jingzhou 434000 China

Soil salinization is a globally prevalent abiotic environmental stress. The imbalance of ions caused by high concentrations of sodium chloride results in a 40% reduction in soybean yield. Soybean, as an important crop for soil quality improvement, necessitates the identification of salt-tolerant varieties and germplasms to effectively utilize and enhance saline-alkali land. In this study, we assessed the salt tolerance of 435 soybean varieties and germplasms during the seedling stage. Among them, Qihuang34, you2104, Hongzhudou, Pamanheidou, and Osage exhibited grade 1 salt tolerance rates surpassing other tested materials. Furthermore, Hongzhudou and Qihuang34 demonstrated higher salt tolerance during germination and emergence stages based on their elevated rates of emergence, salt tolerance index, chlorophyll content, and shoot fresh weights. Overall findings provide valuable resources for molecular breeding efforts aimed at developing salt-tolerant soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in saline-alkali soils. © 2024 the Oil Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences

关键词： Germination and emergence stage Germplasms Salt tolerance Seedling stage Soybean Varieties

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