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清代文官的组织人口学研究(1830—1911)

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社会科学研究 2024年第1期 157-169,212页

作者：康文林高帅奇香港科技大学社会科学部中国香港999077 华中师范大学中国近代史研究所湖北武汉430079

中国历史官员量化数据库——(清)缙绅录(CGED-Q JSL)中文官的纵向关联记录揭示了19世纪清代文官整体的职业动态。定量分析的结果表明,清代官僚系统的总体情况就像一个当代的大型组织,文官离职率在任职的第一年内很高,然后下降,之后趋于... 详细信息

中国历史官员量化数据库——(清)缙绅录(CGED-Q JSL)中文官的纵向关联记录揭示了19世纪清代文官整体的职业动态。定量分析的结果表明,清代官僚系统的总体情况就像一个当代的大型组织,文官离职率在任职的第一年内很高,然后下降,之后趋于稳定。19世纪下半叶,官员的离职率整体下降,但于清末十年中上升。官员离职率下降导致拥有功名的候缺待补官员群体谋求仕途和进一步晋升的机会不断减少。同时,异途官员的人数不断增加,加剧了官场竞争。不同类别、品级官员的职业动态在不同历史时期的变化趋势差异较大,尤其是高品级官员的离职率对清代后期的官场平衡具有深刻影响。清代文官的职业动态一方面揭示了清代文官组织人口学的基本特征,另一方面也为解释清代特定官员群体或特定时期的官员个案研究提供了重要参考。

关键词：文官组织人口学《缙绅录》 CGED-Q JSL数据库

A desktop-computer simulation for exploring the fission barrier

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Natural Science（自然科学期刊） 2011年第4期

作者： b. cameron Reed

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在一家三级保健医院评估血小板输注指征

国际输血及血液学杂志 2007年第4期30卷 345-345页

作者： cameron b 卢文静（摘译）朱易萍（校）不详黄石市输血研究所

背景：拥有1100张床位的中心医院每年使用大约12000单位随机供体血小板和1900单位单供体的机采血小板，平均有23％的血小板过期。利用一分析模式来评估实践。研究设计与方法收集的数据来自于464例病人在9个多月的时间总输注共1682例次... 详细信息

背景：拥有1100张床位的中心医院每年使用大约12000单位随机供体血小板和1900单位单供体的机采血小板，平均有23％的血小板过期。利用一分析模式来评估实践。研究设计与方法收集的数据来自于464例病人在9个多月的时间总输注共1682例次。当输注前血小板计数超过10×10^9／L时，确定血小板输注的特殊适应证，例如出血。

关键词：血小板输注评估医院供体血小板指征保健机采血小板血小板计数

A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps physical fitness assessment

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Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 166-173页

作者： cameron SMackey Jason MDe Freitas Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory Oklahoma State University192 CRCStillwaterOK 74078USA

background:The *** Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their *** is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)cadets are affected by mandatory physical *** purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period,evaluate the results across class ranks,and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the ***:Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs(abdominal circumference,1-min pushups,1-min sit-ups,and a 1.5-mile run)in both the spring(n=26)and fall(n=22)*** were compiled over a four-year period(Spring 2014–Fall 2017)and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36–2905.A oneway repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variable across the 4 ***,a one-way between groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variable during the time point(fall 2015;n=46)with the most recorded cadets for each class ***:Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time(P=0.010)on abdominal circumference;cadets had a smaller abdominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year.A main effect of time(P=0.006)was also observed on sit-up quantity;cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman *** between class ranks during the same year(between-subjects ANOVA)revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity(P=0.003);the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores(P=0.018)and the juniors did(P=0.001).Conclusions:The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences between class *** findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not be sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish between class ranks regarding physical performance,even after years of *** limitation may b

关键词： Class ranks Fitness assessment Military Physical training ROTC

Vitamin D receptor expression in human bone tissue and dose-dependent activation in resorbing osteoclasts

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bone Research 2016年第3期4卷 164-173页

作者： Allahdad Zarei Alireza Morovat Kassim Javaid cameron P brown botnar Research Centre Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science University of Oxford Oxford UK Clinical biochemistry Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford UK

The effects of vitamin D on osteoblast mineralization are well documented. Reports of the effects of vitamin D on osteoclasts, however, are conflicting, showing both inhibition and stimulation. Finding that resorbing osteoclasts in human bone express vitamin D receptor （VDR）, we examined their response to different concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25（OH）D3] （100 or 500 nmol·L^-1） and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25（OH）2D3] （0.1 or 0.5 nmol·L^-1） metabolites in cell cultures. Specifically, CD14＋ monocytes were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand （RANKL） and macrophage colony-stimulating factor （M-CSF）. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） histochemical staining assays and dentine resorption analysis were used to identify the size and number of osteoclast cells, number of nuclei per cell and resorption activity. The expression of VDR was detected in human bone tissue （ex vivo） by immunohistochemistry and in vitro cell cultures by western blotting. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR （qRT-PCR） was used to determine the level of expression of vitamin D-related genes in response to vitamin D metabolites. VDR-related genes during osteoclastogenesis, shown by qRT-PCR, was stimulated in response to 500 nmol·L^-1 of 25（OH）D3 and 0.1-0.5 nmol·L^-1 of 1,25（OH）2D3, upregulating cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily b member I （CYP27b1） and cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member I （CYP24A1）. Osteoclast fusion transcripts transmembrane 7 subfamily member 4 （tm7sf4） and nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 （nfatcl） where downregulated in response to vitamin D metabolites. Osteoclast number and resorption activity were also increased. both 25（OH）D3 and 1,25（OH）2D3 reduced osteoclast size and number when co-treated with RANKL and M-CSF. The evidence for VDR expression in resorbing osteoclasts in vivo and low-dose effects of 1,25（OH）2D3 on osteoclasts in vitro may therefore provide

关键词： Vitamin D receptor expression in human bone tissue and dose-dependent activation in resorbing osteoclasts bone

Atomically dispersed dual-metal-site PGM-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction:Opportunities and challenges

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SusMat 2022年第5期2卷 569-590页

作者： Xiaoxuan Yang cameron Priest Yang Hou Gang Wu College of Chemical and biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Chemical and biological Engineering University at BuffaloThe State University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou QuzhouChina School of biological and Chemical Engineering NingboTech UniversityNingboChina

Atomically dispersed and nitrogen coordinated single metal site(MNx,M=Fe,Co,or Mn)moieties embedded in partially graphitized carbon(denoted as M–N–C)are recognized as the most promising platinum group metal-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton exchange membrane fuel ***,simply regulating their coordination environments and local structures of single metal sites cannot fundamentally change active site structure,which leads to insufficient activity and stability.A second transition metal can be incorporated to design dual-metal sites,offering a new opportunity to modulate the electronic and geometric structures of M–N–C ***,exploring optimal atomically dispersed dual-metal-site is essential to designing new active sites with enhanced ORR activity,and stability,especially breaking the activity-stability *** review provides a comprehensive analysis of the advances in developing atomically dispersed dual-metal site catalysts for the ORR,including innovative synthesis methods,primary structural configurations,and the mechanisms to promote catalytic *** aim to elucidate the crucial structure–property correlation,emphasizing the inherent electronic and geometric effects of dual metal ***,we discuss the current challenges of dual-metal site catalysts concerning rational design,precise synthesis,and high-fidelity structural characterization.

关键词： dual metal sites electrocatalysis fuel cells oxygen reduction PGM-free catalyst

In vitro angiogenesis in response to biomaterial properties for bone tissue engineering:a review of the state of the art

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Regenerative biomaterials 2023年第1期10卷 744-783页

作者： Else Ellermann Nima Meyer Ruth E.cameron Serena M.best Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK

bone tissue engineering(bTE)aims to improve the healing of bone fractures using scaffolds that mimic the native extracellular *** successful bone regeneration,scaffolds should promote simultaneous bone tissue formation and blood vessel growth for nutrient and waste ***,a significant challenge in regenerative medicine remains the development of grafts that can be vascularized *** other things,optimization of physicochemical conditions of scaffolds is key to achieving appropriate angiogenesis in the period immediately following *** phosphates and collagen scaffolds are two of the most widely studied biomaterials for bTE,due to their close resemblance to inorganic and organic components of bone,respectively,and their bioactivity,tunable biodegradability and the ability to produce tailored *** various strategies exist to enhance vascularization of these scaffolds in vivo,further in vitro assessment is crucial to understand the relation between physicochemical properties of a biomaterial and its ability to induce *** mono-culture studies can provide evidence regarding cell-material interaction of a single cell type,a co-culture procedure is crucial for assessing the complex mechanisms involved in angiogenesis.A co-culture more closely resembles the natural tissue both physically and biologically by stimulating natural intercellular interactions and mimicking the organization of the in vivo ***,a co-culture is a complex system requiring optimization of various parameters including cell types,cell ratio,culture medium and seeding *** fundamental knowledge of the mechanism behind the bioactivity of biomaterials and understanding the contribution of surface and architectural features to the vascularization of scaffolds,and the biological response in general,can provide an invaluable basis for future optimization *** review gives an overview of the

关键词： angiogenesis collagen scaffolds hydroxyapatite co-culture architectural features physicochemical properties

Induction of bone Matrix Protein Expression by Native bone Matrix Proteins in C2C12 Culture

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biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第2期22卷 164-169页

作者： ZHEN-MING HU SEAN A. F. PEEL STEPHEN K. C. HO GEORGE K. b. SANDOR AND cameron M. L. CLOKIE Department of Orthopedic Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China Orthobiologics Laboratory Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto ON M5G 1G6 Canada

Objective To study the expression of bone matrix protein （bMP） induced by bovine bone morphogenetic proteins （bMPs） in vitro. Methods Type 1 collagen, osteopontin （OPN）, osteonectin （ON）, osteocalcin （OC）, and bone sialoprotein （bSP） were detected by immunohistochemistry in C2C12 cultured from day 1 to day 28. Results The signaling of bone matrix protein expression became weaker except for type I collagen, OC and bSP after 5 days. Fourteen days after culture, the positive signaling of type I collagen, OPN, ON, OC, and bSP was gradually declined, and could be detected significantly as compared with that of the negative control on day 28. bMP assay showed that the lkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity was higher in C2C12 culture than in the control during the 14-day culture. Also, total protein and DNA significantly increased during the 14-day culture. High levels of ALP were seen in preosteoblasts and osteoblsts in vivo and in differentiating osteoblasts in vitro. ALP was well recognized as a marker reflecting osteoblastic activity. Conclusion Native bovine bMP induces conversion of myoblasts into osteoblasts, produces type I collagen, and plays significantly role in osteoinduction and bone matrix mineralization of C2C 12 in vitro.

关键词： bone matrix proteins bone morphogenetic proteins Immunohistochemistry C2C12

Adjusting the physico-chemical properties of collagen scaffolds to accommodate primary osteoblasts and endothelial cells

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Regenerative biomaterials 2023年第1期10卷 590-602页

作者： Nima Meyer Daniel V.bax Jochen beck Ruth E.cameron Serena M.best Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK Geistlich Pharma AG Product DevelopmentWolhusenSwitzerland

Collagen-based biomaterials are used widely as tissue engineering scaffolds because of their excellent bioactivity and their similarity to the natural *** regeneration of healthy bone tissue requires simultaneous support for both osteoblasts and,where angiogenesis is intended,endothelial *** it is important to tailor carefully the biochemical and structural characteristics of the scaffold to suit the needs of each cell *** work describes for the first time a systematic study to gain insight into the cell type-specific response of primary human osteoblast(hObs)and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells(HDMECs)to insoluble collagen-based *** behaviour was evaluated on both 2D films and 3D scaffolds,produced using *** collagen was cross-linked at various EDC/NHS concentrations and mono-cultured with hObs and HDMECs to assess the effect of architectural features and scaffold stabilization on cell *** was observed that 3D scaffolds cross-linked at 30%of the standard conditions in literature offered an optimal combination of mechanical stiffness and cellular response for both cell types,although endothelial cells were more sensitive to the degree of cross-linking than *** features have a time-dependent impact on the cell migration profile,with alignment being the most influential parameter overall.

关键词： angiogenesis collagen scaffolds cell migration EDC/NHS cross-linking