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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Postpartum Depression: A Study Conducted in Health Centres in Dakar (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 45-66页

作者： Sokhna Seck Momar camara Racky Wade Kane Djeynaba Bassine Baldé El Hadj Makhtar Bâ Adama Koundoul idrissa Bâ Ibrahima Ndiaye Papa Lamine Faye Aida Sylla Service de psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire de Fann Dakar Sénégal

Introduction: Postpartum depression is the most common psychiatric disorder affecting women in the perinatal period. According to the WHO, it affects 10% - 15% of women who have just given birth. In Africa, and particularly in Senegal, epidemiological studies focusing exclusively on postpartum depression are rare or non-existent. For this reason, we conducted this screening study on postpartum depression to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors. Methods: This was a prospective cross- sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims. It was carried out in the twelve Dakar referral health centres during the period August 2021 to June 2022. Results: At the end of our survey we had recruited one hundred and twenty-two (122) participants with a PPD prevalence rate of 25.41%. The most common age group was 24 - 29 years. 40% of the participants were of Fulani ethnicity, followed by Wolof. Married women made up 93% of the sample. The school enrolment rate was 89%. Most participants were not in paid employment. Domestic violence was present in 14% of couples. 28% of mothers reported experiencing a stressful life event during their pregnancy. 22% of the women had a chronic medical condition, of which 55% had high blood pressure. 1% of the women reported a personal psychiatric history and 5% a family psychiatric history. Most women had between two and four healthy living children. The pregnancy was unwanted in 17% of cases and 12% of participants had a complication. 6% were dissatisfied with the quality of their antenatal care. The caesarean section rate was 18%. In terms of associated factors, eight factors were identified in a bivariate analysis: single marital status, lack of support from partner, domestic violence, conflict with in-laws, and the occurrence of a stressful life event during pregnancy, the presence of a personal medical history, lack of satisfaction with pregnancy follow-up, and mode of delivery by caesarean section. Conclusion: Our study showed the high prevalence of PPD

关键词： Postpartum Depression Prevalence Associated Factors Senegal

Quantitative Study on Individual Representations in Senegalese Patients Living with HIV (PLHIV)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第1期12卷 23-36页

作者： Racky Wade-Kane Momar camara El Hadji Makhtar Ba idrissa Ba Sokhna Seck Abou Sy Ibrahima Ndiaye Oumar Mamadou Samba Ndéye Dialé Ndiaye Ndongo Papa Lamine Faye Aida Sylla Mamadou Habib Thiam Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal Center for the Integrated Support of Addictions in Dakar (CEPIAD) National University Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Senegal

Context: HIV infection is an infectious, viral, chronic disease described as a public health problem. It has an impact on bio-psycho-social well-being. Thus, the objective of our study is to decrypt the representations of HIV infection in our patients. Methodology: 31 consecutively recruited HIV-infected patients participated in our study. The completed questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, association membership, psycho-social aspects of HIV infection, mode of transmission and adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Secondly, we proceeded to an assessment of the psychological state of the patient. Results: Almost 77% of HIV patients do not date peers in an association. At the time of the study, more than half of patients or 19/31 with HIV had a positive image of the disease. Before the diagnosis of the disease, more than 2/3 of patients with HIV, i.e. 25/31, have a negative image of the disease. The 31 PLHIV have been aware of their positive HIV status for an average of 11 years with extremes of 2 years and 21 years. Almost 21/31 of PLHIV have shared their positive serological status. The main barrier in patient communication was the risk of disclosure of HIV status. Most of the patients (45.2%) thought of death when they announced their positive HIV status, and 19.4% thought of their children. In 80.6% of cases, relationships with family, friends and neighbors were normal and remained unchanged for 74% of patients. The patients thought they had been infected through sexual intercourse in 84% of cases. Our study showed that 6 of the 31 PLHIV experienced stigma. Among these 6 patients, 3 had psychological repercussions and a voluntary interruption of treatment. Conclusion: The representations are dynamic. In Senegal, the eradication of discrimination among people living with HIV must imperatively involve a reconstruction of individual, collective and social representations.

关键词： HIV Representations Stigma Senegal

Damage to the External Genitalia by Traction Following Assault and Battery at the C.H.U Gabriel Touré: About a Case

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Surgical Science 2023年第2期14卷 55-60页

作者： Karembé Boubacar Traoré Boureima Tounkara idrissa Diarra Issaka Coulibaly Mamadou Tidiani Soumaré Modibo Dianguina Coulibaly Abdoulaye camara Aboubacar Touré Aboubacar Sanogo Seydou Fall Ibrahim Diakité Mané Diarra Mouminy Traoré Abdoulaye Diarra Drissa Diakité Mamadou Lamine Départment of Surgery CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Trauma to the external genitalia by tearing is rare. We report the case of a 30-year-old patient, admitted to the emergency room for trauma of the external genitalia by traction following a blow and intentional injury. The authors highlight the lesions that can occur during this type of trauma and insist on the systematic search for urethral and cavernous lesions. Conclusion: Trauma to the external genitalia by intentional assault and battery is rare in our context. They occur most often in a young person and are frequently associated with damage to the corpora cavernosa and urethra.

关键词： Trauma External Genitalia Traction

Appendicular Abscess: Epidemio-Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects in the General Surgery Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune III (C.s.ref CIII) of the District of Bamako

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Surgical Science 2023年第2期14卷 77-83页

作者： Karembé Boubacar Tounkara idrissa Diarra Issaka Soumaré Modibo Dianguina Traoré Boureima Sanogo Seydou Diallo Moctar camara Aboubacar Touré Aboubacar Coulibaly Abdoulaye Fall Ibrahim Diakité Mané Diarra Mouminy Diarra Drissa Traoré Abdoulaye Coulibaly Yacaria Kanté Lassana Dembélé Bakary Tientigui Togo Adégné Départment of Surgery CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Objectives: The main goal of this study is to determine the hospital frequency of appendicular abscess, to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and to analyze the postoperative follow-up. Methodology: This was a descriptive and analytical prospective study from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021 including patients admitted to our department for appendicular abscess diagnosed pre- and or intraoperatively and confirmed to histology. Results: We collected 30 appendicular abscesses that accounted for 18.75% of emergency interventions. The 16 - 25 age group was the most represented at 53%. The average age was 24 years with extremes of 10 and 58 years. The male sex was mostly represented (60%) with a sex ratio of 1.5. The majority of our patients were students (53.3%). The main clinical signs found were abdominal pain and vomiting (100%). The pain was localized in the Right Iliac Fossa (RIF) in 80% of cases. Fever was present in all our patients with a temperature between 38˚C and 38.5˚C. The physical examination found pain with defense of the right iliac fossa in 93.3% of cases. A painful mass was present in 27 patients (90%). Treatment consisted of appendectomy with abscess drainage in all patients. Postoperative follow-up was simple in 83.3% of cases;we recorded three cases (10%) of parietal suppuration, one case of fistula (3.3%) and one death. Conclusion: Appendicular abscess is a medical-surgical emergency frequent surgery in our context because of the delay in diagnosis. It is a condition with low morbidity and mortality subject to early diagnosis and prompt and appropriate treatment.

关键词： Abscess Appendix Surgery

Epidemiological-Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Acute Appendicitis at the Reference Health Center of Commune III (C.S.Ref CIII) of the District of Bamako

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Surgical Science 2023年第1期14卷 30-37页

作者： Karembé Boubacar Tounkara idrissa Soumaré Modibo Dianguina Diarra Issaka Diarra Mouminy Touré Aboubacar Traoré Boureima camara Aboubacar Sanogo Seydou Fall Ibrahim Coulibaly Abdoulaye Traoré Abdoulaye Diarra Drissa Diakité Mané Coulibaly Yacaria Kanté Lassana Dembélé Bakary Tientigui Togo Adégné Départment of Surgery CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Objectives: It was to determine the epidemiological-clinical and therapeutic aspects of acute appendicitis at the Reference Health Center of Commune III of the district of Bamako. Methodology: This was a prospective study from January 1 to December 31, 2020 including patients operated for acute appendicitis and confirmed at histology and cases of abscess and appendicular plastron. Results: We collected 60 cases of acute appendicitis. They accounted for 17.29% of surgical indications. The average age of our patients was 25.5 years. The male sex was the most represented at 63% with a sex ratio of 1.72. The Pain in the right iliac fossa was the most represented reason for consultation with 76.7%. It was at the type of bite 70% of the cases. On physical examination the defense of the right iliac fossa was present in 96.7%. Digestive signs were marked by nausea 28.4% (17 patients) and vomiting 25% (15 patients). The digital rectal exam was painful to the right of the Douglas fir in 76.7% of our patients. In biology a complete blood count (CBC) performed in all our patients has objectified hyper leukocytosis in 80% of cases. The reactive protein (CRP) performed in 36 patients was elevated with values between 18 and 46 mg/ml. The imaging performed was an abdominal ultrasound that found a roundel image of the appendix with increased size in 65%. Surgical treatment consisted of classical Mac Burney appendectomy in 54 patients (90%). The gesture performed was an appendectomy in all our patients. All our appendectomy parts were sent for pathological examination. This examination classified the parts as non-specific appendicitis in 60%, phlegmonous appendicitis in 22% and catarrhal appendicitis in 18% of cases. Surgical follow-up was simple in 98.4% (59 patients) and morbidity was marked by digestive fistula in one patient. We recorded one case of death (1.6%). Conclusion: Acute appendicitis remains the most common surgical emergency in commune III of the district of Bamako. It is a pathology that can be found at all ages of

关键词： Appendicitis Surgery Anatomical Pathology

Composition, Structure and Functional Feeding of Aquatic Entomofauna in KodjobouéLake: Water Quality Assessment

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第4期10卷 160-176页

作者： idrissa Adama camara Mathieu Kobenan Kra Norbert Kouakou Kouadio Mexmin Koffi Konan Edia Oi Edia Lassina Doumbia Allassane Ouattara Dramane Diomande Laboratoire d’Environnement et de Biologie Aquatique (LEBA) UFR-Sciences et Gestion de l’Environnement (SGE) Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA) Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

The composition, structure and Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs) of aquatic insects were investigated in Kodjoboué lake (South-East of Côte d’Ivoire) to assess water quality. Four sites (K1 - K4) were sampled during eight campaigns. At each site aquatic insects were collected using a kick-net (25 × 20 cm, 500 μm mesh size). Environmental variables were also recorded during this period. Water was collected from each sampling site for nutrient (phosphorus, nitrate) analysis in laboratory. A total of 68 aquatic insect taxa belonging to six orders and 32 families were recorded during the study. Site K4, subject to intense agricultural activity, had the lower diversity and least balanced stand with the lowest values of Shannon-Weaver index, Pielou’s Evenness index and rarefied richness. The functional approach revealed five major FFGs: predators, scrapers, shredders, gatherers-collectors and filter-collectors. Among the different functional feeding groups, the percentage of predators was higher than that of other groups at all the sites. The P/R report indicated that our four sites are characterized as heterotrophic with K1 as the least heterotrophic. Focused Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) showed that parameters of water, like pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate were statistically correlated with species abundance. The diversity and Functional Feeding Groups metrics of aquatic insects used to describe the state of Kodjoboué lake reveal its disturbed state.

关键词： Kodjoboué Lake Aquatic Insects Functional Feeding Groups Taxonomic Diversity

Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Arterial Hypertension at the General Medicine Department of Nzerekore Regional Hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2021年第11期11卷 533-538页

作者： Beavogui Mariama Balde Elhadj Yaya Doumbouya idrissa Barry Ibrahima Sory Samoura Aly camara Abdoulaye Bah Mamadou Bassirou Mariama Sylla Ibrahima Sory Balde Mamadou Dadhi Bah Abdoul Mazid Mariama Kone Alpha Balde Mamadou Aliou Conde Mamady Cardiology Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of Neurology Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Cardiology Department Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: High blood pressure is a public health problem in Guinea as well as everywhere in Africa. The objective of our study was to assess the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of High blood pressure in the general medicine department of the Nzérékoré regional hospital. Methodology:This was a prospective study of a descriptive type, lasting 06 months, from July 1 to December 31, 2014. Results: We recorded 156 cases of High blood pressure among a total of 570 patients, for a hospital frequency of 27%. The 56 - 65 age group was the most affected, at 29.4%, with a predominance of men (sex ratio: 1.5). Alcoholism was the most common cardiovascular risk factor with a frequency of 51.2%, smoking and physical inactivity were found in 35.8% and 30.7% respectively;psychosocial stress was found in 24.3% of patients. The clinic was dominated by headache (100%) and dizziness (57.6%). All our patients were subjected to a healthy diet. Fixed dual therapy was the most widely used treatment regimen, i.e. 91 patients (58.3%) and included a diuretic in 37.1% of cases, a calcium channel blocker in 25% of cases and an ACE inhibitor in 24.3%. Conclusion: This study revealed a high frequency of hypertension in the general medicine department of the regional hospital of N’zérékoré.

关键词： Epidemiology Clinical Therapeutic Hypertension

Benign Stenosis of Oesophagus: About 101 Cases in the Digestive Endoscopy Department of the General idrissa Pouye Hospital (Dakar, Senegal)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第1期12卷 19-26页

作者： Mamadou Ngoné Guèye Mame Anta camara Gnagna Diouf Salamata Diallo Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Cissé Marème Polèle Fall Mame Aïssé Thioubou Marie Louise Bassène Daouda Dial Mouhamadou Mbengue Hepato-Gastroenterology Department The Idrissa Pouye General Hospital Dakar Senegal Hepato-Gastroenterology Department The Aristide Ledantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Hepato-Gastroenterology Department The Ziguinchor Peace Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Benign oesophageal strictures are defined as narrowing of the oesophageal lumen not related to neoplastic pathology. They are frequently encountered during endoscopic practice and are often responsible for a reduction in the quality of life of patients due to the appearance of dysphagia. In sub-Saharan Africa, little data are available on these benign esophageal strictures. The objective of our study was to determine the sociodemographic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of benign oesophageal strictures in a digestive endoscopy centre in Senegal. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study analysing reports of upper GI endoscopies performed between January 2015 and December 2017 in a hospital in Senegal. Reports that concluded to have non-neoplastic oesophageal stenosis were collated. Sociodemographic data, indications for and results of endoscopy, and therapeutic modalities were collected. These data were analysed using the Sphinx version 5 software. Results: We collected 101 cases of benign oesophageal stenosis, representing a prevalence of 2.1% in the endoscopy centre. The mean age of the patients was 34 years (range 2 and 83 years) with a median of 37.9 years. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.38 (73 females). Dysphagia, the main symptom, was present in 87 patients (86

Kaposi’s Disease (KS) in a Senegalese Child Living with HIV

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第1期10卷 85-93页

作者： F. Ly B. Niang Y. Keita C. Dial A. Sow A. Sakho Kane B. S. Ndiaye A. Sylla B. camara A. Ly Ba O. Ndiaye Pediatric Service of the Pikine National Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Department of the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Department of the Aristide Dantec Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Department of Anatomopathological of General Hospital idrissa Pouye Dakar Senegal Department of Dermatology of the Pikine National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Radiology Department of the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal

Kaposi’s Disease or Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK ) is a multifocal malignant proliferation induced by viral growth factors, including interleukin 6 of human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8). We describe four forms of this disease who poses a real public health problem in East and Central Africa. The purpose of our observation was to report a rare condition in a Senegalese HIV-positive child. It was an 11-year-old girl from a region in central Senegal. She was an orphan of both parents, tested and monitored since the age of 5 for HIV infection 1. She was on the 1st line protocol. Due to a lack of support and good observance, she was referred to us at the age of 11 for follow-up in our structure in the suburbs of Dakar. The initial follow-up assessment showed a very low CD4 count and a very high viral load. Before the lack of clinical and immune-virological response, a genotypic resistance test was performed and showed immunological and virological failure. The initial development was marked by the appearance of lesions which were highly suggestive of Kaposi’s disease. She was on 2nd line treatment. The histopathological aspect of cutaneous biopsy was very suggestive of Kaposi’s disease. The subsequent course after ART and bleomycin treatment was clinically marked by regression of skin lesions. Virologically, it was marked by a fall in the viral load. Immunologically there was a gradual recovery of CD4 levels which came back to normal. Our observation demonstrates that absence of effective antiretroviral therapy for HIV increases the risk to develop Kaposi’s sarcoma.

关键词： Kaposi’s Sarcoma Antiretroviral Therapy HIV Child