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capacity drop through reaction times in heterogeneous traffic

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2018年第2期5卷 96-104页

作者： Simeon c.calvert Femke L.M.van Wageningen-Kessels Serge P.Hoogendoorn Department of Transport & Planning Delft University of Technology

The capacity drop forms a major reason why the prevention of congestion is targeted by traffic management, as lower capacities are detrimental to traffic throughput. Various reasons describing the dynamics behind the capacity have been described, however one of these, reaction times, has had less explicit attention when modelling on a macroscopic flow level. In this contribution, a method to include the effect of reaction times for the capacity drop in heterogeneous traffic is proposed. The applied method further overcomes difficulties in including reaction times in a discrete time model through relaxation of the updating process in the discretization. This approach is novel for application in the considered first order approach, which is practise ready, contrary to many other models that propose similar approaches. The combination of the introduced method and the model form a solid development and method to apply the capacity drop based on this causation of the capacity drop. The results of the experiment case showed that the influence of traffic heterogeneity had a limited effect on the severity of the capacity drop, while it did influence the time of congestion onset. The influence of the reaction time on traffic showed greater capacity drop values for greater reaction time settings. The findings showed the method effective and valid, while the model application is also practise ready.

关键词： capacity drop Traffic modelling Heterogeneous traffic Traffic flowi

Borland c++ Builder应用开发大全

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丛书名：编程与开发系列丛书

1999年

作者：（美）（c.卡尔弗特）charlie calvert等徐科等译

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Delphi 4编程技术内幕

Effect of compost Amendment on Heavy Metals, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Peat-Based container Medium

1999年

作者：（美）（c.卡尔维特）charlie calvert 潇湘工作室译

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 792-796页

作者： XlA Yi-Ping HE Zhen-Li P. J. STOFFELLA D. V. calvert ZHANG Ming-Kui YANG Xiao-E S. B. WILSON college of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China）. college of Environmental Science and Natural Resources Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 （China） Indian River Research ＆ Education center IFAS University of Florida Fort Pierce Florida （USA）

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of compost amendment on mobility and leaching potential of heavy metals, nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） from a peat-based commercial container medium containing 700 g kg^-1 peat, 200 g kg^-1 perlite and 100 g kg^-1 vermiculite at varying amendment rates of compost （0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 L L^-1）. Increasing compost amendment significantly and linearly increased the pH （P 〈 0.01）, the total concentrations of organic carbon （P 〈 0.05）, copper （cu）（P 〈 0.01）, cadmium （ca）（P 〈 0.01）, and lead （Pb）（P 〈 0.01）, and increased the bulk density （P 〈 0.01） of the medium. The electrical conductivity （Ec）, and total N and P of the medium increased significantly （P 〈 0.01） and quadratically with increasing compost amendment. The relationship of the c/N ratio of the medium with the compost amendment rate was decreasing, significant （P 〈 0.01） and cubic, while that of the total Zn was increasing, significant （P 〈 0.01） and cubic. Extractable P, NO3-N, and NH4-N increased initially with an increasing compost amendment of up to 0.50 L L^-1 and then decreased with further increasing compost rate. Increasing compost rates resulted in a highly significant （P 〈 0.01） and linear increase in total cd, cu, and Pb, and a highly significant （P 〈 0.01） and cubic increase in total Zn in the medium. Increasing compost rates also significantly （P 〈 0.01） increased extractable cu （linearly） and Zn （quadratically）, but significantly （P 〈 0.01） decreased extractable Pb （linearly）. There was no significant effect of compost amendment on the extractable cd concentration in the medium. However, with increasing compost rates from 0.25 to 1.00 L L^-1, extractability of P, cd, cu, Pb and Zn （extractable concentration as a percent of total） was decreased, indicating that compost amendment could lower the leachability of these elements from the medium.

关键词： compost amendment heavy metals nitrate peat-based medium phosphate

出生前怀疑患有先天性肺囊性腺瘤样畸形新生儿的转归:1991—2001年的10年经验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 13-14页

作者： calvert J.K. Boyd P.A. chamberlain P.c. 郭战宏 Neonatal Unit John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom.Dr

Objective: To determine the outcome of antenatally suspected congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (ccAM) over a 10 year period. Methods: Thi s is a retrospective study of all babies diagnosed antenatally in the Prenatal D iagnosis Unit and delivered in Oxford between 1991 and 2001. Data were obtained from the Oxford congenital Anomaly Register, theatre records, and histopathology reports. Results: Twenty eight cases of ccAM were diagnosed antenatally. Five p regnancies were terminated. Data are available on all 23 of the pregnancies that continued and resulted in two neonatal deaths and 21 surviving babies. Eleven o f the 23 cases (48%) showed some regression of the lesion antenatally, and four of these cases appeared to resolve completely on prenatal ultrasound. Three of the 23 babies (13%) were symptomatic in the early neonatal period, and three de veloped symptoms shortly afterwards. Seventeen of the 23 babies (74%) were asym ptomatic, of whom 12 had abnormalities on chest radiograph or computed tomograph y scan and had elective surgery. Two babies (8%) had completely normal postnata l imaging, and three had abnormalities which resolved in the first year of life. Seventeen of the 23 babies (74%) had surgery. Histology at surgery was heterog eneous. Of the 23 live births, all 21 survivors (91%) are well at follow up or have been discharged. conclusions: All babies diagnosed antenatally with ccAM re quire postnatal imaging with computed tomography irrespective of signs of antena tal resolution. In asymptomatic infants, the recommendations are close follow up and elective surgery for persistent lesions within the first year of life. Hist ology at surgery was heterogeneous, and this should be considered when counselli ng parents.

关键词：先天性肺囊性腺瘤样畸形新生儿死亡出生前转归产前诊断婴儿存活先天性异常 10年间病理报告