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元宇宙中的治理难题

新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2022年第5期43卷 101-111,F0002页

作者：蔡恒进汪恺蔡天琪武汉大学计算机学院湖北武汉430072 清华大学深圳国际研究生院广东深圳518055

社会治理不仅是现实世界的难题,还将伴随人类意识向元宇宙迁移,进而成为元宇宙中的治理难题。元宇宙的治理难题可以从四个视角切入:一是随时间积累的财富两极分化问题。元宇宙中的资源流动速度快,中心及亚中心迭代加剧,如果不能缓解财... 详细信息

社会治理不仅是现实世界的难题,还将伴随人类意识向元宇宙迁移,进而成为元宇宙中的治理难题。元宇宙的治理难题可以从四个视角切入:一是随时间积累的财富两极分化问题。元宇宙中的资源流动速度快,中心及亚中心迭代加剧,如果不能缓解财富的两极分化,系统将难以持续;二是如何遏制不实信息传播问题。在网络世界中,谣言、谬误等不实信息较真实信息更易煽动民众情绪从而急速扩散,可能造成较为广泛的负面影响;三是可持续健康生态问题。传统共识机制的本质或依赖算力、或依靠财富积累,元宇宙则需鼓励前瞻性等方式,在合理的损耗下维护系统的健康生态;四是伦理道德重塑问题。元宇宙可以隐藏个人数据隐私,没有绝对的时空秩序,在人机共同参与的网络世界中,利用规则刷单套利更加便利。因此,需要新的元宇宙伦理准则,以塑造良好的元宇宙文明环境。元宇宙是人类意识的延伸,机器和虚拟世界是人类意识与智慧的凝聚,元宇宙的治理问题要从人性本质——自我肯定需求出发。针对上述问题,文本建议设计实施财富流向底层机制,为元宇宙系统提供活力;采用数字凭证技术,激励诚实者和积极贡献者,惩戒造谣者和盲目跟风者;重视对未来的洞见力,提高专业领域认知能力更高的人机节点的权重,创新人机共同协作共识;倡导利用区块链的存证技术,进行事后赏罚和正向激励,鼓励人们对自身在元宇宙中的行为负责。

关键词：元宇宙社会治理两极分化不实信息传播元宇宙伦理文明递增

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基于空间注意力下边缘图融合的草图图像检索

计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 2021年第6期33卷 847-854页

作者：郭元晨蔡韵张松海清华大学计算机科学与技术系北京100084

基于草图的图像检索任务根据用户提供的手绘草图,从图像数据库中检索得到与该草图对应的自然图像.与传统基于内容的图像检索不同,草图和自然图像间存在明显的域差异,这使得二者的特征难以直接进行比较.针对自然图像边缘图和草图的相似性... 详细信息

基于草图的图像检索任务根据用户提供的手绘草图,从图像数据库中检索得到与该草图对应的自然图像.与传统基于内容的图像检索不同,草图和自然图像间存在明显的域差异,这使得二者的特征难以直接进行比较.针对自然图像边缘图和草图的相似性,提出了空间注意力下的边缘图融合模型,将自然图像和对应的边缘图分别编码到各自的特征空间,再通过空间注意力掩膜进行加权融合,进而用于草图图像检索.所提模型可以更有效地编码物体边缘轮廓的特征,分别在Sketchy和Flickr15K数据集的草图图像检索任务上取得了比前人方法更高的Recall@1和MeanAP指标.

关键词：深度学习图像检索草图边缘图注意力

Automatic Target Segmentation based on Texture for Microscopic Images of Chinese Herbal Powders 25th

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Automatic Target Segmentation based on Texture for Microscop...

DrPlace:基于深度学习的可布线性驱动布局算法

第25届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Jun Li Yixu Song Yaoli Li Shaoqin cai Zehong Yang State Key Laboratory of Intelligent technology and Systems Computer Science and Technology Department Tsinghua University State Key Lab. of Natural and Biological Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University

ISBN: (纸本)9781467355339

The identification of Chinese herbal powders is usually based on physical or chemical detection, but that is far from enough to identity dozens of herbal species. Microscopic images of these powders contain variety of information, and important evidence for identification. These images usually contain variety of substance, and most of them are noises, which makes the target segmentation become a difficult job. An effective automatic target segmentation algorithm based on texture is proposed in this paper. Our method consists of two steps: "Preliminary Segmentation" and "Further Segmentation". Firstly, feature vector of texture is extracted and clustered into two groups: background and foreground;secondly, taking the continuity of edge and the locality of target into consideration, energy equations are established, and Maximum flow-Minimum cut Algorithm is applied to solve them. Three groups of images are used to test our method: microscopic images of Chinese herbal powders, Brodaze Images, and natural texture images. And the experimental results show that our method achieves a better segmentation compared with Grab-Cut, and additionally user inter-action is not required in our method.

关键词： Chinese herbal powder microscopic images automatic segmentation texture feature

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计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 2021年第4期33卷 624-631页

作者：郝睿蔡懿慈周强王锐清华大学计算机科学与技术系北京100084 北京航空航天大学计算机学院北京100191

在集成电路物理设计的布局阶段,针对基于深度学习的布局算法结果可布线性较差的问题,在开源的DREAMPlace算法的基础上提出并实现了一种基于深度学习的可布线性驱动布局算法DrPlace.算法模型在总体上设计并实现了布局器的整体框架,集成... 详细信息

在集成电路物理设计的布局阶段,针对基于深度学习的布局算法结果可布线性较差的问题,在开源的DREAMPlace算法的基础上提出并实现了一种基于深度学习的可布线性驱动布局算法DrPlace.算法模型在总体上设计并实现了布局器的整体框架,集成了基于深度学习的可布线性驱动总体布局、可布线性驱动的合法化和详细布局.总体布局过程中,在目标函数中加入了引脚密度函数,并实现了基于GPU的引脚密度的关键内核.在ISPD2011和DAC 2012布局实例上的实验结果表明,该算法与DREAMPlace相比在可布线性上获得了提升,且在运行时间、线长和可布线性方面均优于传统的可布线性驱动布局算法.

关键词：深度学习布局可布线性驱动

A large-scale transcriptional study reveals inhibition of COVID-19 related cytokine storm by traditional Chinese medicines

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science Bulletin 2021年第9期66卷 884-888,M0003页

作者： Yifei Dai Weijie Qiang Yu Gui Xue Tan Tianli Pei Kequan Lin Siwei cai Liang Sun Guochen Ning Jianxun Wang Hongyan Guo Yimin Sun Jing Cheng Lan Xie Xun Lan Dong Wang State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources School of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China department of Basic Medical sciences School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China High Performance Computing department National Supercomputing Center in ShenzhenShenzhen 518055China department of Electronic and computer Engineering College of EngineeringDrexel UniversityPhiladelphia 19104USA Dongli District Jinqiao Street Community Health Service Center Tianjin 300300China department of Biomedical Engineering School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Life sciences Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip technology Beijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Hangzhou 310003China Medical Systems Biology Research Center School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has made great contributions to the fight against the epidemic of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).Despite the remarkable therapeutic effects of TCM,the molecular mechanisms of TCM formulae inhibiting COVID-19 are still not fully ***,we cφm-bined the automated high throughput sequencing-based high throughput screening(HTS^(2))assay with bioinformatics and computer-aided drug design(CADD)to investigate the molecular mechanisms of TCM-mediated therapeutic effects on COVID-19-related cytokine storm(Fig.1a).

关键词：细胞因子风暴六君子汤理中汤诊疗方案黄连解毒汤中药提取物肺炎分子机制

Grading the Severity of Mispronunciations in CAPT Based on Statistical Analysis and Computational Speech Perception

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Journal of computer science & technology 2014年第5期29卷 751-761页

作者：贾珈梁伟俭吴育昊张秀龙王昊蔡莲红蒙美玲 department of computer science and technology Tsinghua University tsinghua National Laboratory for Information science and technology Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Pervasive Computing Ministry of Education Human-computer Communications Laboratory Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong tsinghua-CUHK Joint Research Center for Media sciences Technologies and Systems

computer-aided pronunciation training（CAPT） technologies enable the use of automatic speech recognition to detect mispronunciations in second language（L2） learners＇ speech. In order to further facilitate learning, we aim to develop a principle-based method for generating a gradation of the severity of mispronunciations. This paper presents an approach towards gradation that is motivated by auditory perception. We have developed a computational method for generating a perceptual distance（PD） between two spoken phonemes. This is used to compute the auditory confusion of native language（L1）. PD is found to correlate well with the mispronunciations detected in CAPT system for Chinese learners of English,i.e., L1 being Chinese（Mandarin and Cantonese） and L2 being US English. The results show that auditory confusion is indicative of pronunciation confusions in L2 learning. PD can also be used to help us grade the severity of errors（i.e.,mispronunciations that confuse more distant phonemes are more severe） and accordingly prioritize the order of corrective feedback generated for the learners.

关键词： second language learning computer-aided pronunciation training mispronunciation computational speech perception

Call for Papers Special Issue on Internet of Things

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tsinghua science and technology 2018年第6期23卷 754-754页

作者： Zhipeng cai Ling Tian Guanchun Luo Georiga State university USA. university of Electronic science and technology of China. university of Electronic science and technology of China

The publication of tsinghua science and technology was started in 1996. Since then, it has been an international academic journal sponsored by tsinghua university and published bimonthly. This journal aims at presenting the state-of-the-art scientific achievements in computer science and other IT fields. From 2012, the journal enters into IEEE Xplore Digital Library with the open access mode. In 2015, tsinghua science and technology has been indexed in the science Citation Index Expanded with IF 1.365.

关键词： Call for Papers Special Issue on Internet of Things

一种基于混合仿真技术的电路并行后仿真加速算法

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计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 2016年第11期28卷 2016-2020页

作者：刘伟平周振亚蔡懿慈清华大学计算机科学与技术系北京100084 北京华大九天软件有限公司北京100102

随着集成电路制造工艺的发展,芯片的特征尺寸不断地缩小,寄生电阻和电容对电路性能的影响也变得越来越显著,电路后仿真成为集成电路设计验证不可缺少的关键技术.但是集成电路规模的不断增大,寄生电阻和电容的数目急剧膨胀,电路后仿真中... 详细信息

随着集成电路制造工艺的发展,芯片的特征尺寸不断地缩小,寄生电阻和电容对电路性能的影响也变得越来越显著,电路后仿真成为集成电路设计验证不可缺少的关键技术.但是集成电路规模的不断增大,寄生电阻和电容的数目急剧膨胀,电路后仿真中求解线性方程组所需要的时间急剧增加,导致电路验证时间越来越长,影响集成电路的设计周期和产品交付时间.文中利用超图划分的方法将电路划分成若干个相互耦合的子模块,子模块的矩阵求解应用LU分解方法,顶层矩阵求解利用GMRES方法;针对GMRES方法收敛速度慢的问题,根据快节点和电源网格节点本身的物理特性提出一种预处理算法,能够显著加速线性方程组的求解速度,从而提升电路的仿真效率.该算法已经应用到华大九天的电路仿真工具ALPS中,通过大量工业实际用例的测试,证明了算法的有效性.

关键词：集成电路电路后仿真寄生器件线性方程组

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考虑设计规则的引脚分配算法

计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 2016年第11期28卷 2009-2015页

作者：王雨田贾小涛蔡懿慈周强清华大学计算机科学与技术系北京100084

详细布线是集成电路物理设计的关键步骤之一,引脚分配是影响详细布线质量和减少设计规则违反的关键因素,为此提出一种基于最小费用最大流的考虑设计规则的引脚分配算法.首先构建详细布线图和相应的网格图;然后在网格图上搜索布线区域内... 详细信息

详细布线是集成电路物理设计的关键步骤之一,引脚分配是影响详细布线质量和减少设计规则违反的关键因素,为此提出一种基于最小费用最大流的考虑设计规则的引脚分配算法.首先构建详细布线图和相应的网格图;然后在网格图上搜索布线区域内总费用最小的最大流,为所有线网的引脚同时分配pin点;在引脚分配的基础上提出一种拆线重布算法,针对引脚分配中不合理的pin点位置进行拆线重布,为其分配新的pin点,同时对设计规则违反从代价函数定义、拆线重布顺序、布线方式3个方面进行优化.实验结果表明,应用文中的引脚分配算法后,详细布线结果中的设计规则违反数平均减少了24%.

关键词：详细布线 pin点分配拆线重布