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Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice-Duck and Rice-Fish Complex Ecosystems and the Evaluation of Their Economic Significance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第10期8卷 1246-1255页

作者： YUAN Wei-ling CAO Cou-gui li Cheng-fang ZHAN ming cai ming-li WANG Jin-ping Crop Physiology and Production Center （CPPC） Huazhong Agricultural University~Key Laboratory of Huazhong Crop PhysiologyEcology and Production Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430070 P.R China

Rice-duck （RD） and rice-fish （RF） ecological systems are major complex planting and breeding models of rice paddy fields in southern China. Studying the methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O） emissions and their economic value from these two ecosystems can provide theoretical and practical basis for further development and utilization of these classical agricultural techniques. CH4 and N2O emissions from RD and RF ecological systems were measured in situ by using static chambers technique. Using global warming potentials （GWPs）, we assessed the greenhouse effect of CH4 and N2O and their economic value. Results showed that the peaks of CH4 emission fluxes from RD and RF appeared at full tillering stage and at heading stage, and the average emission fluxes were significantly （P〈 0.05） lower than that from CK. N2O fluxes remained low when the field is flooded and high after draining the water. Compared with CK, the total amount of N2O emissions was significantly （P〈0.05） higher and slightly lower than those from RD and RF, respectively. In 2006 and 2007, the total greenhouse effect of CH4 and N20 from RD and RF were 4 728.3 and 4 611 kg CO2 ha^-1, 4 545 and 4 754.3 kg CO2 ha^-1, respectively. The costs of greenhouse effect were 970.89 and 946.81 RMB yuan ha^-1, and 933.25 and 976.23 RMB yuan ha^-1, respectively, which were significant lower than those from CK （5 997.6 and 5 391.5 RMB yuan ha^-1）. Except for the environment cost of CH4 and N2O, the economic benefits from RD and RF were 2 210.64 and 4 881.92 RMB yuan ha^-1; 3 798.37 and 5 310.64 RMB yuan ha^-1, respectively, higher than those from CK. Therefore, RD and RF complex ecological planting and breeding models can effectively decrease and control CH4 and N2O emissions, and they are two of the effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gases from rice paddy fields and contribute in alleviating global warming. Thus, their adoption is important to the environment together with their economy benefits.

关键词： methane emission nitrous oxide emission rice-duck complex ecosystem rice-fish complex ecosystem,greenhouse effect economic benefit

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Effect of various combinations of temperature during different phenological periods on indica rice yield and quality in the Yangtze River Basin in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 2900-2909页

作者： TU De-bao JIANG Yang ZHANG li-juan cai ming-li li Cheng-fang CAO Cou-gui National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement MOA Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Cultivation(The Middle Reaches of Yangtze River)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Rice Research Institute Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031P.R.China

Rice grain yield and quality declines are due to unsuitable temperatures from wide regions and various sowing *** study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature on rice yield and quality at different phenological periods and obtain suitable temperatures for phenological periods in the Yangtze River Basin,*** study conducted experiments on different sowing dates under different areas in the Yangtze River Basin to observe and compare the differences in rice growth,yield,and quality,controlling for regional *** results showed significant differences in rice growth,yield,and quality among sowing dates and areas,which were related to the average daily temperature during the vegetative period(VT)and the first 20 days of the grain-filling period(GT20).In addition,there was a smaller variation in the average daily temperature in the reproductive period(RT)than in the two phenological ***,according to the VT and GT20 thresholds of different yields and qualities,the experimental results were divided into four scenarios(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ)in this *** Scenario I,high head rice production(rice grain yield multiplied by head rice rate)and rice quality could be *** head rice production of ScenariosⅢandⅣwas lower than that of ScenarioⅠ,by 30.1 and 27.6%,*** Scenario II,the head rice production increased insignificantly while the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were 50.6 and 56.3%higher than those of Scenario *** conclusion,the Scenario I combination with VT ranges of 22.8-23.9℃and GT20 ranges of 24.2-27.0℃or the combination with VT ranges of 23.9-25.3℃and GT20 ranges of 24.2-24.9℃,which can be obtained by adjusting sowing date and selecting rice varieties with suitable growth periods,is recommended to achieve high levels of rice grain yield and quality in the Yangtze River Basin.

关键词： temperature phenological period grain yield quality

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Identification of two Monilia species from apricot in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第11期16卷 2496-2503页

作者： YIN liang-fen cai ming-li DU Sheng-fang LUO Chao-xi Experimental Teaching Center of Crop Science College of Plant Science & Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control of Hubei Province~College of Plant Science & Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R. China

Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola and Monilia yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. Up to date, these species have been identified from peach and plum, and M. mumecola has also been reported on apricot recently. To investigate whether M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis can cause brown rot disease on apricot in China, 37 isolates were collected from four orchards in Chongqing and Beijing municipalities in 2014. These isolates were divided into two phenotypes according to their distinct colony appearances. Two representative isolates of each phenotype and reference species of M. mumecola from apricot were selected for further analysis. Based on the morphological characterization and molecular identification, the two phenotypes of isolates were identified as M. fructicola and M. yunnanensis, respectively.

关键词： brown rot apricot Monilinia fructicola Monilia yunnanensis

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2383-2392页

作者： li-ming Zhao cai-Ping Lu Yang liu Chao-Chao li School of Mines China University of Mining and Technology Henan Institute of Geophysical Space Information

The similarities and differences in inherent mechanism and characteristic frequency between the onedimensional(1D) poroelastic model and the layered White model were investigated. This investigation was conducted under the assumption that the rock was homogenous and isotropic at the mesoscopic scale. For the inherent mechanism, both models resulted from quasi-static flow in a slow P-wave diffusion mode, and the differences between them originated from saturated fluids and boundary conditions. On the other hand, for the characteristic frequencies of the models, the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model was first modified because the elastic constant and formula for calculating it were misused and then compared to that of the layered White model. Both of them moved towards higher frequencies with increasing permeability and decreasing viscosity and diffusion length. The differences between them were due to the diffusion length. The diffusion length for the 1D poroelastic model was determined by the sample length, whereas that for the layered White model was determined by the length of the representative elementary volume(REV). Subsequently, a numerical example was presented to demonstrate the similarities and differences between the models. Finally, published experimental data were interpreted using the 1D poroelastic model combined with the Cole-Cole *** prediction of the combined model was in good agreement with the experimental data, thereby validating the effectiveness of the 1D poroelastic model. Furthermore, the modified characteristic frequency in our study was much closer to the experimental data than the previous prediction, validating the effectiveness of our modification of the characteristic frequency of the 1D poroelastic model. The investigation provided insight into the internal relationship between wave-induced fluid flow(WIFF)models at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales and can aid in a better understanding of the elastic modulus d

关键词： 1D poroelastic model Layered White model Quasi-static flow Slow P-wave diffusion Characteristic frequency Diffusion length

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Research on Magnetic Floating Horizontal Continuous Casting Process (MFCC) for Nearly Net-Shape Molten Metal Afterheat Billet

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2012年第S2期19卷 1011-1014页

作者： cai li-ming liU Ding-ping Engineering Institute Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Copper Material Factory

The molten metal is drawn to the alternating magnetic field composed of a 10~30KHz power supply and a non-magnetizer coil,where the molten metal will float(for the sheet/strip billet) or float and be restrained(for the section bar billet) because of electromagnetic *** continuous movement the molten metal is appropriately cooled to keep the afterheat with the upper limited temperature of the hot working and then enters the processing machine,where it is rolled and continuously pressed into materials like the electronic component(for example,the radiator),or enters the program-controlled casting line(at which the metal semisolid slurry is replaced) for the purpose of the casting of mechanical part billets(such as billets for gears and internal and external rings of bearings).The effect of energy saving and income increase is remarkable.

关键词： flow rate and shape control electromagnetic induction appropriately cooled afterheat billet online forming

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Molecular characterization of two novel esterase genes from carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus （Acarina： Tetranychidae）

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 91-100页

作者： Wei Sun Chuan-Hua Xue lin He Wen-cai Lu ming li Xiao-Fang Cao Zhi-Mo Zhao Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China

Two novel esterase complementary DNAs were identified and cloned from the insecticide-susceptible strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus （Boisduval）（Acarina： Tetrany- chidae）, which were designated as TCE1 and TCE2, respectively. The cDNA of TCE1 gene contained an open reading frame （ORF） of 1701 bp encoding 567 amino acids, and a predicted molecular weight of 62.75 kDa, the cDNA of TCE2 contained an ORF of 1680 bp encoding 560 amino acids, and a predicted molecular weight of 63.14 kDa. TCE1 and TCE2 were submitted to GenBank, accession number EU 130461 and EU 130462. The well-conserved sequence motif, GXSXG, used as a signature pattern in the esterase fam- ily are present in both TCE1 and TCE2 （GQSAG in TCE1, whereas GESAG in TCE2）, indicating that these two genes are predicted to be esterases. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the published mite esterase sequence coming from Boophilus microplus showed that TCE1 shares 33.98% identity and TCE2 shares 33.46% identity. TCE1 and TCE2 share 46.4% identity. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that expression level of the TCE2 gene was relatively higher than that of the TCE1 in all instars examined except the protonymph, and the expression level of these two esterase genes in adults of T. cinnabarinus was significantly higher than that in any other instars, respectively. T. cinnabarinus is an important agricultural mite pest and esterases are important in the metabolisms of insects and mites; the genomic information obtained in this study will contribute to esterase molecular biological study on mite pest species.

关键词： esterase gene molecular cloning quantitative real-time PCR Tetranychus cinnabarinus

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Oscillation properties of eigenfunctions for Sturm-liouville problems with interface conditions via Prufer transformation

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第2期39卷 191-200页

作者： li Zhi-yu li Kun cai Jin-ming QIN Jian-fang ZHENG Zhao-wen School of Mathematical Sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165China College of Mathematics and Systems Science Guangdong Polytechnic Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510665China

A class of Sturm-liouville problems with discontinuity is studied in this *** oscillation properties of eigenfunctions for Sturm-liouville problems with interface conditions are *** main method used in this paper is based on Prufer transformation,which is different from the classical ***,we give two examples to verify our main results.

关键词： Sturm-liouville problem interface condition oscillatory solution

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Two-Staged Method for Ice Channel Identification Based on Image Segmentation and Corner Point Regression

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第2期38卷 313-325页

作者： DONG Wen-bo ZHOU li DING Shi-feng WANG Ai-ming cai Jin-yan School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Identification of the ice channel is the basic technology for developing intelligent ships in ice-covered waters,which is important to ensure the safety and economy of *** the Arctic,merchant ships with low ice class often navigate in channels opened up by *** in the ice channel often depends on good maneuverability skills and abundant experience from the captain to a large *** ship may get stuck if steered into ice fields off the *** this circumstance,it is very important to study how to identify the boundary lines of ice channels with a reliable *** this paper,a two-staged ice channel identification method is developed based on image segmentation and corner point *** first stage employs the image segmentation method to extract channel *** the second stage,an intelligent corner regression network is proposed to extract the channel boundary lines from the channel region.A non-intelligent angle-based filtering and clustering method is proposed and compared with corner point regression *** training and evaluation of the segmentation method and corner regression network are carried out on the synthetic and real ice channel *** evaluation results show that the accuracy of the method using the corner point regression network in the second stage is achieved as high as 73.33%on the synthetic ice channel dataset and 70.66%on the real ice channel dataset,and the processing speed can reach up to 14.58frames per second.

关键词： ice channel ship navigation identification image segmentation corner point regression

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Interplay between Microscopic Structures and Macroscopic Viscoelastic Properties of Polyampholyte Gels

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1360-1367,I0008页

作者： You-cai Xue Yi-ming Yang Di Jia Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Polyampholyte gels,which have hierarchical structures,exhibit excellent self-healing properties and have great promise for biomaterials and *** investigated the relationship between microscopic structures and macroscopic viscoelastic properties of polyampholyte gels and found three factors influencing their viscoelastic properties,including the chemical crosslinking bonds,topological entanglements controlled by monomer concentration,and the ionic *** strength plays a major role on the strength of ionic bonds.A crossover point of elastic modulus and loss modulus was observed in the dynamic frequency sweeps at low monomer concentration or low chemical crosslinking density for gels with intermediate strength of ionic *** solid-liquid transition signaled by the crossover point is a typical feature of dynamic associated gels,representing the dynamical association-dissociation of the ionic bonds and full relaxation of the topological entanglements in the gel *** the crossover point disappears when the ionic bonds are too weak or too strong to form“permanent”***,in the non-linear yielding measurement,gels with intermediate strength of the ionic bonds are ductile and yield at very large shear strain due to the self-healing properties and the dynamic association-dissociation of the ionic *** the self-healing properties disappear when the ionic bond strength is too weak or too *** work reveals the mechanism of how the dynamic association-dissociation of ionic bonds influences both the linear and non-linear viscoelastic properties of the polyampholyte gels.

关键词： Polyampholyte gel Ionic bond Topological entanglement Self-healing Hierarchical structure

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Heterointerface Engineering-Induced Oxygen Defects for the Manganese Dissolution Inhibition in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 112-122页

作者： Wentao Qu Yong cai Baohui Chen ming Zhang Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics&Devices School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Engineering Research Center of Advanced Semiconductor Technology and Application of Ministry of Education&Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education College of Semiconductors(College of Integrated Circuits)Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute College of Semiconductors(College of Integrated Circuits)Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention&Reduction for Power Grid Transmission and Distribution Equipment(Hunan Electric Power Corporation Disaster Prevention and Reduction Center) Changsha 410007China

Manganese-based material is a prospective cathode material for aqueous zinc ion batteries(ZIBs)by virtue of its high theoretical capacity,high operating voltage,and low ***,the manganese dissolution during the electrochemical reaction causes its electrochemical cycling stability to be *** this work,heterointerface engineering-induced oxygen defects are introduced into heterostructure MnO_(2)(δa-MnO_(2))by in situ electrochemical activation to inhibit manganese dissolution for aqueous zinc ion ***,the heterointerface between the disordered amorphous and the crystalline MnO_(2)ofδa-MnO_(2)is decisive for the formation of oxygen *** the experimental results indicate that the manganese dissolution ofδa-MnO_(2)is considerably inhibited during the charge/discharge *** analysis indicates that the oxygen defect regulates the electronic and band structure and the Mn-O bonding state of the electrode material,thereby promoting electron transport kinetics as well as inhibiting Mn ***,the capacity ofδa-MnO_(2)does not degrade after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 Ag^(-1)and also 91%capacity retention after 500cycles at 1 Ag^(-1).This study provides a promising insight into the development of high-performance manganese-based cathode materials through a facile and low-cost strategy.

关键词： electrochemical activation heterointerface manganese dissolution inhibition oxygen defects zinc ion batteries

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