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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LHAASO collaboration Zhen cao F.Aharonian Axikegu y.X.Bai y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.cao W.y.cao Zhe cao J.chang J.F.chang A.M.chen E.S.chen H.X.chen Liang chen Lin chen Long chen M.J.chen M.L.chen Q.H.chen S.chen S.H.chen S.Z.chen T.L.chen y.chen N.cheng y.D.cheng M.y.cui S.W.cui X.H.cui y.D.cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.H.Fan y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.H.Fang K.Fang c.F.Feng H.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng X.T.Feng y.Feng y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao c.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo y.Q.Guo y.y.Guo y.A.Han M.Hasan H.H.He H.N.He J.y.He y.He y.K.Hor B.W.Hou c.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu Q.Hu S.c.Hu D.H.Huang T.Q.Huang W.J.Huang X.T.Huang X.y.Huang y.Huang X.L.Ji H.y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li c.M.Li cheng Li cong Li D.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.c.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu c.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.y.Liu R.y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu y.Liu y.N.Liu Q.Luo y.Luo H.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.H.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri H.J.Mu y.c.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.y.Pei J.c.Qi M.y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu H.c.Song yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.H.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian c.Wang c.B.Wang G.W.Wang H.G.Wang H.H.Wang J.c.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.y.Wang P.H.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.y.Wang y.Wang y.D.Wang y.J.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei y.J.Wei T.Wen c.y.wu H.R.wu Q.W.wu S.wu X.F.wu y.S.wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao y.L.Xin y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.H.yan J.Z.yan T.yan c.W.yang c.y.yang F.yang F.F.yang L.L.yang M.J.yang R.Z.yang W.X.yang y.H.yao Z.G.yao L.Q.yin N.yin X.H.you Z.y.you y.H.yu Q.yuan H.yue H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang H.Zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&computing center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU cosmic Ray Research center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of china Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research center for Astronomical computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APc UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(cRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51c and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51c for cRs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LHAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the cR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as cR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme cR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic cRs.

关键词： UHE c-ray cosmic rays SNR W51c Star clusters

由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAASO collaboration Zhen cao chuandong Gao cong Li Ruo-yu Liu Ruizhi yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&computing center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU cosmic Ray Research center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of china Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

Optimization of performance of the KM2A full array using the crab Nebula

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chinese Physics c 2024年第6期48卷 169-178页

作者：曹臻 F.Aharonian 安琪阿西克古白云翔包逸炜 D.Bastieri 毕效军毕玉江蔡金庭曹晴曹文羽曹喆常进常劲帆陈尚明陈恩生陈亮陈林陈龙陈明君陈玛丽陈起辉陈素弘陈天禄陈阳程宁程耀东崔明阳崔树旺崔晓红崔昱东戴本忠代洪亮戴子高单增罗布 D.della Volpe 董绪强段凯凯樊军辉范一中方军方堃冯存峰封莉冯少辉丰晓婷冯有亮 S.Gabici 高博高川东高林青高启高卫高伟康葛茂茂耿利斯 G.Giacinti 龚光华苟全补顾旻皓郭福来郭晓磊郭义庆郭莹莹韩毅昂何会海贺昊宁何佳银何新波何钰 M.Heller 贺远强侯博文侯超侯贤胡红波胡铨胡世聪黄代绘黄天奇黄文俊黄性涛黄晓渊黄勇黄志成季筱璐贾焕玉贾康江琨姜晓巍姜泽军金敏康明铭柯通 D.Kuleshov.K.Kurinov 李兵兵李澄李骢李丹李飞李海波李会财李华阳李军李剑李捷李凯李文龙李文莲李秀荣李昕李一卓李哲黎卓梁恩维梁云峰林苏杰刘冰刘成刘栋刘虎刘海东刘佳刘江来刘金艳刘茂元柳若愚刘四明刘伟刘怡刘以农鲁睿罗晴吕洪魁马伯强马玲玲马欣华毛基荣闵振 W.Mitthumsiri 穆慧君南云程 A.Neronov 区子维庞彬宇 P.Pattarakijwanich 裴致远齐孟尧祁业情乔冰强秦家军 D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz 邵澄宇邵琅 O.Shchegolev 盛祥东舒富文宋慧超 yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov 苏扬孙秦宁孙晓娜孙志斌谭柏轩唐庆文唐泽波田文武王超王昌贝王广威王洪光王惠惠王建成汪凯王利苹王玲玉王培汉王冉王为王祥高王祥玉王阳王玉东王岩谨王忠海王仲翔王振王铮韦大明魏俊杰魏永健文韬吴超勇吴含荣武莎吴雪峰吴雨生席邵强夏捷夏君集项光漫肖迪泫肖刚辛广广辛玉良邢祎熊峥徐东莲徐仁峰徐仁新徐伟立薛良闫大海颜景志颜田杨朝文杨帆杨冯帆杨何文杨佳盈杨莉莉杨明洁杨睿智杨深邦姚玉华姚志国叶一锰尹丽巧尹娜游晓浩游智勇于艳红袁强岳华曾厚敦曾婷轩曾玮查敏张彬彬张丰张海明张恒英张建立张丽霞张力张鹏飞张佩佩张瑞张少博张少如张寿山张潇张笑鹏张云峰张毅张勇赵兵赵静赵雷赵立志赵世平郑福周斌周浩周佳能周猛周平周荣周勋秀祝成光祝凤荣朱辉朱科军左雄 LHAASO collaboration Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&computing center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tianfu cosmic Ray Research center Chengdu 610000China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of china Hefei 230026China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Département de Physique Nucléaire et corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève24 Quai Ernest Ansermet1211 GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APc Universit'e Paris Cit'eCNRS/IN2P3CEA/IRFUObservat

The full array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has been in operation since July *** its kilometer-square array(KM2A),we optimized the selection criteria for very high and ultrahigh energyγ-rays using data collected from August 2021 to August 2022,resulting in an improvement in significance of the detection in the crab Nebula of approximately 15%,compared with that of previous *** the implementation of these new selection criteria,the angular resolution was also significantly improved by approximately 10%at tens of *** aspects of the full KM2A array performance,such as the pointing error,were also calibrated using the crab *** resulting energy spectrum of the crab Nebula in the energy range of 10-1000 TeV are well fitted by a log-parabola model,which is consistent with the previous results from LHAASO and other experiments.

关键词： γ-ray crab Nebula significance

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改进半透镜半姆欧型继电器特性的研究

河北电力技术 1986年第3期 49-56页

作者： M.S.Li T.c.cheng c.y.wu 赵自刚

多年来,姆欧型方向阻抗继电器已广泛应用于高压和特高压系统.但其在某些故障条件下的误动一直是一个需要解决的主要问题.一种情况是发生出口带接地电阻短路时,安装在非故障相的姆欧继电器将误动作.另一种情况是发生带接地电阻的反方向... 详细信息

多年来,姆欧型方向阻抗继电器已广泛应用于高压和特高压系统.但其在某些故障条件下的误动一直是一个需要解决的主要问题.一种情况是发生出口带接地电阻短路时,安装在非故障相的姆欧继电器将误动作.另一种情况是发生带接地电阻的反方向故障时姆欧继电器的误动.理论分析和数字计算表明,在这些偶然情况下,由距离继电器所看到的阻抗在第二象限进入继电器动作区.为改善保护的特性,有必要限制或缩小其在第二象限的动作区.在R-X平面上具有半透镜半姆欧特性的方向阻抗继电器能满足上述要求.本文详细分析了具有透镜或透镜一姆欧特性的各种方向阻抗继电器的原理.提出了一种构成成透镜一姆欧继电器的实用方法.为评价透镜一姆欧继电器的特性,在不同条件下进行了一系列试验研究.还进行了计算机模拟和电力系统模型试验.结果表明,透镜一姆欧继电器的特性与理论分析相当吻合,证明该继电器更适用于大容量、重负荷、长距离特高压的输电线路.在用于500KV电力系统中的JGBJ—500距离保护上采用了这种透镜一姆欧继电器.

关键词：继电器动作特性故障相特高压系统第二象限电子元件电器特性透镜电压矢量

Unique Genetic Features of Lean NAFLD: A Review of Mechanisms and clinical Implications

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第1期12卷 70-78页

作者： Jasmine Tidwell George y.wu Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)affects 25%of the global *** 20%have a normal body mass index(BMI)and a variant known as lean *** typical NAFLD cases associated with obesity and diabetes,lean NAFLD causes liver disease by mechanisms not related to excess weight or insulin *** disorders are among the major factors in developing lean NAFLD,and genome-wide association studies have identified several genes associated with the *** review aims to increase awareness by describing the genetic markers linked to NAFLD and the defects involved in developing lean NAFLD.

关键词： Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Palatine-like phospholipase domain-containing-3 Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia Abetalipoproteinemia

Heritable chronic cholestatic Liver Diseases:A Review

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第8期12卷 726-738页

chronic cholestasis due to heritable causes is usually diagnosedin ***,many cases can present andsurvive into *** time course varies considerablydepending on the underlying *** data usuallyreveal elevated conjugated hyperbilirubinemia,alkalinephosphatase,and gamma-glutamyl *** be asymptomatic;however,when present,the typicalsymptoms are pruritus,jaundice,fatigue,and *** diagnostic methods and management requireddepend on the underlying *** development of genome-wide associated studies has allowed the identificationof specific genetic mutations related to the pathophysiologyof cholestatic liver *** aim of this review was tohighlight the genetics,clinical pathophysiology,presentation,diagnosis,and treatment of heritable etiologies of chroniccholestatic liver disease.

关键词： chronic cholestasis cholestatic liver disease congenital hepatic fibrosis caroli disease caroli syndrome Alagille syndrome Biliary atresia

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: A comprehensive Review with a Particular Focus on Pathogenesis and complications

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第2期12卷 182-190页

作者： Jaimy Villavicencio Kim George y.wu Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Focal nodular hyperplasia is a benign tumor of the liver that is often found incidentally with *** purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology,rare complications that can occur due to these lesions,and management options.A literature review was performed on clinical trials and case reports involving focal nodular hyperplasia complications and management of these,as well as the proposed pathogenesis underlying these *** exposure to oral contraceptive pills and endogenous hormones have been thought to play a role in the development of these lesions,this has not been *** recently,they are thought to arise as a consequence of a vascular anomaly causing alterations in the expression of angiopoietin *** are rare,but previous cases have reported associated pain,rupture and compression of nearby structures(hepatic vein,stomach,biliary system).Resection of focal nodular hyperplasia is not usually ***,if there is associated pain with no other identifiable cause or presence of a large or growing lesion with risk of causing a complication,then surgical resection,radiofrequency ablation or arterial embolization should be considered.

关键词： Focal nodular hyperplasia Oral contraceptives Liver lesion

Etiologies of Splenic Venous Hypertension:A Review

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第6期12卷 594-606页

作者： Jasmine Tidwell Bianca Thakkar George y.wu Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Splenic venous hypertension or left-sided portal hypertension is a rare condition caused by an obstruction of the splenic ***,it presents with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the absence of liver *** can be classified based on the mechanism of development of splenic vein hypertension:compression,stenosis,inflammation,thrombosis,and surgically decreased splenic venous *** is established by various imaging modalities and should be suspected in patients with gastric varices in the absence of esophageal varices,splenomegaly,or *** management and prognosis vary depending on the underlying etiology but generally involve reducing splenic venous *** aim of this review was to summarize the etiologies of splenic venous hypertension according to the mechanism of development.

关键词： Splenic venous hypertension Left-sided portal hypertension Sinistral portal hypertension Splenic vein thrombosis Gastric varices Hematemesis Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Subnormal Serum Liver Enzyme Levels:A Review of Pathophysiology and clinical Significance

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Journal of clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第4期12卷 428-435页

作者： Elham M.youssef George y.wu Biochemistry Department National Research CenterCairoEgypt Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Subnormal levels of liver enzymes,below the lower limit of normal on local laboratory reports,can be useful *** instance,subnormal levels of aminotransferases can be observed in vitamin B6 deficiency and chronic kidney *** alkaline phosphatase levels may indicate the presence of hypophosphatasia,Wilson's disease,deficiencies of divalent ions,or *** levels of gamma glutamyl transferase may be seen in cases of acute intrahepatic cholestasis,the use of certain medications,and in bone ***,subnormal levels of 5'-nucleotidase have been reported in lead poisoning and nonspherocytic hemolytic *** aim of this review is to bring attention to the fact that subnormal levels of these enzymes should not be ignored as they may indicate pathological conditions and provide a means of early diagnosis.

关键词： Transaminases Vitamin B6 celiac disease Renal insufficiency Hepatolenticular Degeneration crohn disease Malnutrition clofibrate Bone diseases Lead poisoning Anemia Hemolytic