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A fuzzy logic algorithm derived mechatronic concept prototype for crop damage avoidance during eco-friendly eradication of intra-row weeds

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 116-126页

作者： Satya Prakash Kumar V.K.Tewari Abhilash K.chandel c.R.Mehta Brajesh Nare c.R.chethan Kaustubh Mundhada Prateek Shrivastava chanchal Gupta Smrutilipi Hota Indian council of Agricultural Research(IcAR) Central Institute of Agricultural EngineeringBhopalIndia Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302India Biological Systems Engineering Washington State UniversityPullman 99164WAUSA IcAR-central Potato Research Station Jalandhar 144026India IcAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India

crop damage during the intra-row weed eradiation is one of the biggest challenges in intercultural agricultural *** available mechanical systems provide effective weeding but result in excess crop *** the other hand,chemical based systems have been raising serious environmental and food *** study presents development of a cost-effectivemechatronic prototype for intra-rowweeding *** primary focus was on incurring minimal crop *** system integrates time of flight and inductive sensing into fuzzy logic algorithm for electronic control of a four-bar linkage mechanism(FBLM).The crank of FBLM was connected to the vertical rotary weed control shaft with weeding *** crop sensing triggers the electronic control to laterally shift the control shaft away from crop,proportional to the forward speed and soil *** developed algorithm incorporates varied conditions of soil,forward speed,and plant spacing to calculate dynamic lateral shift speed(SRPM).The prototype was evaluated to determine the relationships between the operating conditions and electronic control ***,the plant damage was assessed under varied conditions of plant spacing,forward speeds,soil cone index,operational depth and electronic control *** derived SRPM was established as the ultimate governing factor for avoiding crop damage that varied significantlywith electronic response time and soil strength(Pcreased significantly under higher forward speeds and lower plant spacing(Pcant potential of this system for effective control on weeds(>65%)and crop damage(<25%).

关键词： Intra-row weed control Mechatronic prototype Fuzzy logic algorithm Plant damage Weeding efficiency

INVESTIGATION OF THE LOW-cYcLE FATIGUE AND FATIGUE cRAcK GROWTH BEHAVIORS OF P91 BASE METAL AND WELD JOINTS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 597-600页

作者： H.c.Yang Y.Tu M.M.Yu J.Zhao Dongfang Boiler (Group) Ltd Zigong 643001 ChinaDongfang Boiler (Group) Ltd Zigong 643001 ChinaDongfang Boiler (Group) Ltd Zigong 643001 ChinaDepartment of Materials Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China

Low cycle fatigue tests and crack growth propagations tests on P91 pipe base metal and its weld joints were conducted at three different temperatures: room temperature, 550℃ and 575℃. The strain-life was analyzed, and the changes in fatigue life behavior and fatigue growth rates with increasing temperature were discussed. The different properties of the base metal and its weld joint have been analyzed.

关键词： P91 pipe low-cycle fatigue fatigue crack growth

A new institution devoted to insect science： The Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 426-428页

作者： Akito Y. Kawahara Thomas c. Emmel Jacqueline Miller Andrew D. Warren McGuire center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The Florida Museum of Natural History＇s McGuire center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, has become one of the world＇s largest institutions for research on butterflies and moths, and an important research facility for insect science. The facility was constructed by combining the staff and merging the Lepidoptera holdings from the Allyn Museum of Entomology, the Florida State collection of Arthropods and other University of Florida collections, and now includes over ten million specimens from all over the world, rivaling some of the largest Lepidoptera research collections globally. The facility includes a team of domestic and international researchers studying many areas of lepidopterology, including behavior, biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, genomics, physiology, systematics and taxonomy. In this paper, we introduce the McGuire center, its staff, and the many research activities for researchers across entomological disciplines.

关键词： Florida Museum of Natural History Lepidoptera lepidopterology McGuirecenter moth new research facility

VARIATION OF SUBSTRUcTURES OF PEARLITIc HEAT RESISTANT STEEL AFTER HIGH TEMPERATURE AGING

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 477-481页

作者： R.c.Yang K.chen H.X.Feng H.Wang State Key Lab. of Advanced Nonferrous Materials Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050ChinaState Key Lab. of Advanced Nonferrous Materials Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050ChinaState Key Lab. of Advanced Nonferrous Materials Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050ChinaState Key Lab. of Advanced Nonferrous Materials Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050China

The observations of dislocations, substructures and other microstructural details were conducted mainly by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for 12crlMoV pearlitic heat-resistant steel. It is shown that during the high temperature long-term aging, the disordered and jumbled phase-transformed dislocations caused by normalized cooling are recovered and rearranged into cell substructures, and then the dislocation density is reduced gradually. Finally a low density linear dislocation configuration and a stabler dislocation network are formed and ferritic grains grow considerably.

关键词： pearlitic heat-resistant steel aging recovery dislocation substructure dislocation cell

Hepatic lipogranulomas in patients with chronic liver disease: Association with hepatitis c and fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第40期16卷 5065-5069页

作者： Hongfa Zhu Henry c Bodenheimer David J clain Albert D Min Neil D Theise Department of Pathology Mount Sinai School of MedicineNewYorkNY10029United States Department of Medicine (Divisions of Digestive Diseases)Beth Israel Medical center Albert Einstein college of Medicine Department of Pathology Beth Israel Medical CenterAlbert Einste in College of MedicineNew YorkNY 10003United States

AIM: To study the significance and clinical implication of hepatic lipogranuloma in chronic liver diseases, including fatty liver disease and hepatitis c. METHODS: A total of 376 sequential, archival liver biopsy specimens were reviewed. Lipogranuloma, steatosis and steato-fibrosis were evaluated with combined hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. RESULTS: Fifty-eight (15.4%) patients had lipogranuloma, including 46 patients with hepatitis c, 14 patients with fatty liver disease, and 5 patients with other diseases. Hepatic lipogranuloma was more frequently seen in patients with hepatitis c (21%) and fatty liver disease (18%), and its incidence was significantly higher than that in control group (P ctively). In addition, 39 out of the 58 patients with lipogranuloma were associated with steatosis and/or steato-fibrosis. Of the 18 lipogranuloma patients with clinical information available for review, 15 (83%) had risk factors associated with fatty liver disease, such as alcohol use, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Although the incidence of these risk factors was greater in patients with lipogranuloma than in control group (60%), it did not reach statistical significance. cONcLUSION: Hepatic lipogranuloma is not limited to mineral oil use and commonly associated with hepatic steatosis, hepatitis c and fatty liver disease. With additional histological features of steato-fibrosis, lipogranuloma can also be used as a marker of prior hepatic steatosis.

关键词： Lipogranuloma Hepatitis c Fatty liver disease Steatosis Steato-fibrosis

Influence of the Accumulative Roll Bonding Process Severity on the Microstructure and Superplastic Behaviour of 7075 Al Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第8期32卷 774-782页

作者： R Hidalgo-Manrique A.Orozco-caballero c.M.cepeda-Jimenez O.A.Ruano, F.carreno Department of Physical Metallurgy CENIM CSIC Av. Gregorio del Amo 8 28040 Madrid Spain School of Materials The University of ManchesterManchester M1 7SH UK. IMDEA Materials Institute. c/Eric Kandel 2 28906 Getafe MadridSpain

The 7075 Al alloy was processed by accumulative roll bonding （ARB） at 350 ℃ using 2：1, 3：1 and 4：1 thickness reductions per pass （Rp） up to 8, 6 and 3 passes, respectively. Microstructural examinations of the processed samples revealed that ARB leads to a microstructure composed of equiaxed crystallites with a mean size generally lower than 500 nm. It was found that, due to both the stored energy through- out the processing and the particle pinning effect, the alloy is affected by discontinuous recrystallisation during the inter-pass heating stages, the precise microstructural evolution being dependent on Rp. Me- chanical testing of the ARBed samples revealed that the main active deformation mechanism in the ARBed samples in the temperature range from 250 to 350 ℃ at intermediate and high strain rates is grain bound- ary sliding, the superplastic properties being determined by both the microstructure after ARB and its thermal stability.

关键词： Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) Al-Zn-Mg-cn alloys Grain refining Precipitate coarsening Recrystallisation Superplastic deformation

Effects of developmental plasticity on heat tolerance may be mediated by changes in cell size in Drosophila melanogaster

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Insect Science 2020年第6期27卷 1244-1256页

作者： Nadja Verspagen Felix P.Leiva Irene M.Janssen Wilco c.E.P.Verberk Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Human Genetics Radboud University Medical CenterRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands

There is a growing interest in the physiology underpinning heat tolerance of ectotherms and their responses to the ongoing rise in ***,there is no consensus about the underlying physiological *** to''the maintain aerobic scope and regulate oxygen supply^hypothesis,responses to warming at different organizational levels contribute to the ability to safeguard energy metabolism via aerobic *** the cellular level,a decrease in cell size increases the capacity for the uptake of resources(e.g.,food and oxygen),but the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cellular membranes implies greater energetic costs in small *** this study,we investigated how different rearing temperatures atTected cell size and heat tolerance in the fruit fly Drosophila *** tested the hypothesis that smallcr-celled flies are more tolerant to acute,intense heat stress whereas larger-celled flies are more tolerant to chronic,mild heat *** used the thermal tolerance landscape framework,which incorporates the intensity and duration of thermal *** temperatures strongly affected both cell size and survival *** found different effects of developmental plasticity on tolerance to either chronic or acute heat ***-reared flies had both smaller cells and exhibited higher survival times under acute,intense heat stress when compared to cold-reared ***,under chronic,mild heat stress,the situation was reversed and cold-reared flies,consisting of larger cells,showed better *** differences in heat tolerance could have resulted from direct effects of rearing temperature or they may be mediated by the correlated changes in cell ***,our results are consistent with the idea that a smaller cell size may confer tolerance to acute temperatures via enhanced oxygen supply,while a larger cell may confer greater tolerance to chronic and less intense heat stress via more efTicient use of resources.

关键词： cell size heat stress rearing temperature thermal death time thermal tolerance

Solvent extraction of zinc,manganese,cobalt and nickel from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using sodium salts of TOPS-99 and cyanex 272

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of china 2016年第1期26卷 301-309页

作者： R.K.MISHRA P.c.ROUT K.SARANGI K.c.NATHSARMA council of Scientific and Industrial Research Institute of Minerals and Materials TechnologyBhubaneswar 751 013OdishaIndia Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Chermai 600113TamilnaduIndia

The extraction and separation of zinc, manganese, cobalt and nickel from nickel laterite bacteria leach liquor were carried out using sodium salts of TOPS-99 and cyanex 272 in kerosene. The unwanted metal ions were removed by precipitation method and solvent extraction was used to extract/separate Zn, Mn, co and Ni. The nickel laterite leach liquor which was obtained from bioleaching of chromite overburden samples contained 3.72 g/L Fe, 2.08 g/L Al, 0.44 g/L Ni, 0.02 g/L co, 0.13 g/L Mn, 0.14 g/L Zn and 0.22 g/L cr. From this leach liquor, 100% Fe, 96.98% Al and 70.42% cr were removed by precipitation with ca cO_3 at pH 4.4 followed by precipitation of remaining Al and cr with 50% ammonia at p H 5.4. After precipitation, the extraction of Zn from the Fe, Al and cr free leach liquor was carried out with 0.1 mol/L TOPS-99 followed by Mn extraction with 0.04 mol/L Na TOPS-99. The yields of Zn and Mn were 97.77% and 95.63%, respectively. After Mn extraction, cobalt was removed from the leach liquor using 0.0125 mol/L Na cyanex 272 and finally nickel extraction was carried out using 0.12 mol/L Na TOPS-99 with 99.84% yield. The stripping of loaded organic（LO） phases were achieved with dilute H_2SO_4.

关键词： nickel laterite manganese nickel TOPS-99 cyanex 272

Study of the mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion treatmentfor ulcerative colitis ratsinview of the gene expression of cytokines

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第6期5卷 515-517页

作者： Wu HG Zhou LB Pan YY Huang c chen HP Shi Z Hua XG Shanghai Inst Acupuncture Moxibust & Meridians Shanghai 200030 Peoples R China

AIM:To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on the expression of IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA in ulcerative colitis ***:The SD rat ulcerative colitis model was created by immunological method associated with local stimulation. colonic mucosa was prepared from human fresh surgical colonic specimens, homogenized by adding appropriate amount of normal saline and centrifuged at 3000r/min. The supernatant was collected for measurement of protein conentration and then mixed with Freund adjuvant. This antigen fluid was first injected into the plantae of the model group rats, and then into their plantae, dorsa, inguina and abdominal cavities (noFreund adjuvant for the last injection) again on the 10th, 17th, 24th and 31st day. When a certain titer of serum anti colonic antibody was reached, 2% formalin and antigen fluid (no Freund adjuvant) were administered separately by enema. The ulcerative colitis rat model was thus set up. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: model control group (Mc, n = 8), electro acupuncture group (EA, n = 8), herbs partition moxibustion group (HPM 8), normal control group (Nc,n = 8). HPM: Moxa cones made of refined mugwort floss were placed on the medicinal pad (medicinal pad dispensing: Radix Aconiti praeparata, cortex cinnamomi, etc) for Qihai (RN 6) and Tianshu (ST 25, bilateral) and ignited. Two moxa cones were used for each acupoint once a day and 14 times in all. EA: Tianshu (bilateral) and Qihai were stimulated by the intermittent pulse with 2Hz frequency, 4mA intensity for 20 minutes once a day and 14 times in all. After treatment, rats of all four groups were killed simultaneously. The spleen was separated and the distal colon was dissected. Total tissue RNA was isolated by the guanidinium thiocyanate phenol chloroform extraction method. RT-PcR technique was used to study the expression of IL-1 beta and IL-6 ***:IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNAs were not detected in the spleen and colonic mucosa of the Nc rat

关键词： colitis, ulcerative/therapy acupuncture and moxibustion therapy gene expression cytokines interleukin-1 beta interleukin-6