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Light People:*** Mazur speaks about ultrafast optics and education

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 402-406页

作者： chenzi Guo yang Li changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

*** Mazur is a great influencer over and beyond the optics *** a physicist,he is a pioneer of ultrafast optics and was one of the inventors of colliding-pulse mode-locked *** an educator,he not only gave talks to thousands,but also revolutionized teaching with his globally renowned methodology“Peer Instruction”.As a leader and entrepreneur,he co-founded several companies and was President of Optica(formerly the Optical Society)and currently is the chair of the Optica ***,Light:Science&Applications talked with *** Mazur about his opinions on research,education and *** full interview video can be found in the Supplementary File.

关键词： optics education companies

The role of exosomes in adult neurogenesis:implications for neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 282-288页

作者： Zhuoyang Yu Yan Teng Jing yang Lu yang Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Laboratory of Aging Research School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina

Exosomes are cup-shaped extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer that is approximately 30 to 200 nm in *** are widely distributed in a range of body fluids,including urine,blood,milk,and *** exert biological function by transporting factors between different cells and by regulating biological pathways in recipient *** an important form of intercellular communication,exosomes are increasingly being investigated due to their ability to transfer bioactive molecules such as lipids,proteins,mRNAs,and microRNAs between cells,and because they can regulate physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous *** neurogenesis is a multistage process by which new neurons are generated and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal *** the adult brain,neurogenesis is mainly localized in two specialized niches:the subventricular zone adjacent to the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate *** increasing body of evidence indicates that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions with the *** recent studies,exosomes released from different sources of cells were shown to play an active role in regulating neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo,thereby participating in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders in patients and in various disease ***,we provide a state-of-the-art synopsis of existing research that aimed to identify the diverse components of exosome cargoes and elucidate the therapeutic potential of exosomal contents in the regulation of neurogenesis in several neurodegenerative *** emphasize that exosomal cargoes could serve as a potential biomarker to monitor functional neurogenesis in *** addition,exosomes can also be considered as a novel therapeutic approach to treat various neurodegenerative disorders by improving endogenous neurogenesis to mitigate neuronal loss in the central nervous system.

关键词： adult neurogenesis Alzheimer’s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosome Huntington’s disease neurodegenerative disease neurogenic niches Parkinson’s disease

Fiducial Approach for the Storage Reliability Assessment of complex Repairable Systems

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Journal of Systems Science & complexity 2024年第4期37卷 1653-1671页

作者： yang yang ZHAO Letian cHEN Siyi YU Dan University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China computer Application Institute of Nuclear Industry Beijing 100142China Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

In recent years,there has been a growing focus on high-reliability products in industrial and military *** plays a crucial role in these products,and as a result,research on storage reliability has gained more *** paper specifically targets a class of products with complex structures that require long-term storage,regular testing,and ***,an expression method for system availability is provided based on the reliability structure of the system and the maintenance situation of the constituent equipment in *** the expression of system availability is typically complex and difficult to compute,and the storage life of the system cannot be represented as an explicit function of the reliability indicators of the constituent equipment,it is challenging to evaluate the availability and storage life of repairable *** address this,the paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation methodology for assessing the storage reliability of complex repairable systems based on fiducial *** approach is employed to derive point estimates and determine the lower fiducial limits for both system availability and storage ***,simulation results demonstrate that this comprehensive evaluation method for storage reliability of complex repairable systems is not only convenient but also highly effective.

关键词： Availability fiducial method repairable system storage life

Bioinspired supramolecular macrocycle hybrid membranes with enhanced proton conductivity

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 797-805页

作者： Pengfei yang Linlin Xu Panagiotis Trogadas Marc-Olivier coppens yang Lan centre for Nature Inspired Engineering Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

Enhancing the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes(PEMs)is essential to expand the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFcs).Inspired by the proton conduction mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin,cucurbit[n]urils(cB[n],where n is the number of glycoluril units,n=6,7,or 8)are introduced into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPEEK)matrix to fabricate hybrid PEMs,employing a nature-inspired chemical engineering(NIcE)*** carbonyl groups of cB[n]act as proton-conducting sites,while the host–guest interaction between cB[n]and water molecules offers extra protonconducting ***,the molecular size of cB[n]aids in their dispersion within the SPEEK matrix,effectively bridging the unconnected proton-conducting sulfonic group domains within the SPEEK ***,all hybrid membranes exhibit significantly enhanced proton ***,the SPEEK membrane incorporating 1 wt.%cB[8](cB[8]/SPEEK-1%)demonstrates the highest proton conductivity of 198.0 mS·cm^(−1) at 60°c and 100%relative humidity(RH),which is 228%greater than that of the pure SPEEK membrane under the same ***,hybrid membranes exhibit superior fuel cell *** cB[8]/SPEEK-1%membrane achieves a maximum power density of 214 mw·cm^(−2),representing a 140%improvement over the pure SPEEK membrane(89 mw·cm^(−2))at 50°c and 100%*** findings serve as a foundation for constructing continuous proton-conducting pathways within membranes by utilizing supramolecular macrocycles as fuel cell electrolytes and in other applications.

关键词： supramolecular macrocycle proton conductivity cucurbit[n]uril proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Research progresses and prospects of multi-sphere compound extremes from the Earth System perspective

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Science china Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 343-374页

作者： Zengchao HAO yang cHEN college of water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China State Key Laboratory of Severe weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing100081China

compound extremes,whose socioeconomic and ecological impacts are severer than that caused by each event occurring in isolation,have evolved into a hot topic in Earth Science in the past *** the context of climate change,many compound extremes have exhibited increasing frequency and intensity,and shown novel fashions of combinations,posing more pressing demands and tougher challenges to scientific research and disaster prevention and *** article,via a perspective of multi-sphere interactions within the Earth System,systematically reviews the status quo,new scientific understanding,and deficiencies regarding the definition,mechanism,change,attribution,and projection of compound *** study also sorts out existing challenges and outlines a potential roadmap in advancing the study on compound extremes with respect to data requirement,mechanistic diagnosis,numerical modeling,attribution and projection,risk assessment,and adaptive *** directions of compound extremes studies and key research topics that warrant multi-disciplinary and multisectoral coordinated efforts are also *** that climate change has reshaped the type of extremes,a transformation from the traditional single-event perspective to a compound-event perspective is needed for scientific research,disaster prevention and mitigation,and climate change adaptation,calling for bottom-up innovation in research objects,ideas,and *** article will add value to promoting the research on compound extremes and interdisciplinary cooperations.

关键词： Extremes compound extremes climate change and risk Multi-sphere interactions

Trial characteristics and treatment effect estimates in randomized controlled trials of chinese herbal medicine: A meta-epidemiological study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 223-234页

作者： Betty H.wang Ya-li Lin Yin-yan Gao Jin-lu Song Lang Qin Ling-qi Li wen-qi Liu claire c.w.Zhong Mary Y.Jiang chen Mao Xiao-bo yang Vincent c.H.chung Irene X.Y.wu Jockey club School of Public Health and Primary care the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina School of chinese Medicine the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Public Health Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of chinese Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina chinese Medicine Syndrome Research Team the Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of clinical Research on Traditional chinese Medicine Syndrome Guangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of clinical Epidemiology Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina

Background:Previously published meta-epidemiological studies focused on western medicine have identified some trial characteristics that impact the treatment effect of randomized controlled trials(RcTs).Nevertheless,it remains unclear if similar associations exist in RcTs on chinese herbal medicine(cHM).Further,chinese medicine-related characteristics have not been explored ***:To investigate trial characteristics related to treatment effect estimates on cHM *** strategy:This meta-epidemiological study searched 5 databases for systematic reviews on cHM treatment published between January 2011 and July *** criteria:An eligible systematic review should only include RcTs of cHM and conduct at least one *** extraction and analysis:Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction on general characteristics of systematic reviews,meta-analyses and included *** also assessed the risk of bias of RcTs using the cochrane risk of bias tool.A two-step approach was used for data *** ratio of odds ratios(ROR) and difference in standardized mean differences (dSMD) with 95%confidence interval (cI) were applied to present the difference in effect estimates for binary and continuous outcomes,***:Ninety-one systematic reviews,comprising 1338 RcTs were *** binary outcomes,RcTs incorporated with syndrome differentiation (ROR:1.23;95%cI:[1.07,1.39]),adopting chinese medicine formula (ROR:1.19;95%cI:[1.03,1.34]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (ROR:1.29;95%cI:[1.06,1.52]) and selective outcome reporting (ROR:1.12;95%cI:[1.01,1.24]),as well as a trial size≥100 (ROR:1.23;95%cI:[1.04,1.42]) preferred to show larger effect *** for continuous outcomes,RcTs with chinese medicine diagnostic criteria (dSMD:0.23;95%cI:[0.06,0.41]),judged as high/unclear risk of bias on allocation concealment (dSMD:-0.70;95%cI:[-0.99,-0.42]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (dSMD:0.30

关键词： chinese herbal medicine Randomized controlled trial Risk of bias Meta-epidemiological study Effect estimates

circulating tumor cells shielded with extracellular vesicle-derived cD45 evade T cell attack to enable metastasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 2114-2131页

作者： chuan yang Xueping wang Kenneth K.w.To caimei cui Min Luo Shaocong wu Lamei Huang Kai Fu can Pan Zeyu Liu Teng Fan caibo yang Fang wang Liwu Fu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South china Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060P.R.China School of Pharmacy Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina LABVIV Technology(Shenzhen)co. LtdShenzhen 518057China

circulating tumor cells(cTcs)are precursors of distant metastasis in a subset of cancer patients.A better understanding of cTcs heterogeneity and how these cTcs survive during hematogenous dissemination could lay the foundation for therapeutic prevention of cancer *** remains elusive how cTcs evade immune surveillance and elimination by immune *** this study,we unequivocally identified a subpopulation of cTcs shielded with extracellular vesicle(EVs)-derived cD45(termed as cD45^(+)cTcs)that resisted T cell attack.A higher percentage of cD45^(+)cTcs was found to be closely correlated with higher incidence of metastasis and worse prognosis in cancer ***,cD45^(+)tumor cells orchestrated an immunosuppressive milieu and cD45^(+)cTcs exhibited remarkably stronger metastatic potential than cD45−cTcs in ***,cD45 expressing on tumor surfaces was shown to form intercellular cD45-cD45 homophilic interactions with cD45 on T cells,thereby preventing cD45 exclusion from TcR-pMHc synapse and leading to diminished TcR signaling transduction and suppressed immune ***,these results pointed to an underappreciated capability of EVs-derived cD45-dressed cTcs in immune evasion and metastasis,providing a rationale for targeting EVs-derived cD45 internalization by cTcs to prevent cancer metastasis.

关键词： cD45 metastasis prevention

Deficiency of Trp53 and Rb1 in myeloid cell lineage spontaneously develops acute myeloid leukemia in a mouse model

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 4-6页

作者： yang Li Shu-ting yang Shuying yang Department of Basic&Translational Sciences School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of MedicineJohns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD 21205USA center for Innovation&Precision Dentistry School of Dental MedicineSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA The Penn center for Musculoskeletal Disorders School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a rapidly lethal blood cancer characterized by aberrant proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors in the hematopoietic *** recent decades,AML patients are significantly *** 2019 alone,21,450 new AML cases were diagnosed in the United States,with an estimated 10,920 deaths due to ***’s worse,AML occurs with an increasing incidence with advanced age,and the survival rate remains dismal with a median overall survival of only 5e10 *** great advances in allogenic transplant and chemotherapy,the therapeutic outcomes are unfavorable due to the disease relapse and mortality *** importantly,the development of more specific and effective therapies was hampered in part by the lack of proper animal models for ***,management and elucidation of the pathological mechanism of AML remain an ongoing challenge,and the development of effective AML mouse models and treatment options are urgently needed.

关键词： myeloid Acute leukemia

Three-stage niobium mineralization at Bayan Obo, china

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 102-110页

作者： Yan Yu yang Li Yu Liu Xiao-Xiao Ling Li-Guang wu Li yang Lan yang Bo yang Yong-Gang Zhao Xian-Hua Li State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences college of Earth and Planetary Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University Mining Research Institute Baotou Iron and Steel(Group) Co.LTD State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Research and comprehensive Utilization

The chinese Bayan Obo deposit is a world-class rare earth element(REE) deposit with considerable niobium(Nb) and iron(Fe) resources. A complete genetic understanding on all metals is fundamental for establishing genetic models at Bayan Obo. with extensive research being focused on REE enrichment, the timing and controls of Nb enrichment remain unresolved at Bayan Obo, which is mainly due to the challenges in dating, i.e. multistage thermal events, fine-grained minerals with complex textures and the rare occurrence of uranium-enriched minerals with mature dating methods. Based on robust geological and petrographic frameworks, here we conducted ion probe uranium-lead(U-Pb) dating of ferrocolumbite to unravel the timing, hence the genesis of Nb mineralization. Three types of hydrothermal ferrocolumbites—key Nb-bearing minerals—are identified based on their textures and mineral assemblages. They yield U-Pb ages of 1312 ± 47 Ma(n = 99), 438 ± 7 Ma(n = 93), and 268 ± 5 Ma(n = 19), respectively. In line with deposit geology, we tentatively link the first, second and third stage Nb mineralization to Mesoproterozoic carbonatite magmatism, ubiquitous early Paleozoic hydrothermal activity, and Permian granitic magmatism, respectively. while quantifying the contribution of metal endowment from each stage requires further investigation, our new dates highlight that multi-stage mineralization is critical for Nb enrichment at Bayan Obo, which may also have implications for the enrichment mechanism of Nb in REE deposits in general.

关键词： niobium mineralization U-Pb dating ferrocolumbite Bayan Obo