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Pharmacomicrobiomics： a novel route towards personalized medicine？

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Protein & cell 2018年第5期9卷 432-445页

作者： Marwah Doestzada Arnau Vich Vila Alexandra Zhernakova Debby P.Y. Koonen Rinse K. Weersma Daan j. TOUW Folkert Kuipers cisca Wij.enga j.ngyuan Fu Departments of Genetics University Medical Center Groningen PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands Departments of Paediatrics University Medical Center Groningen PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands Departments of Gastroenterology & Hepatology University Medical Center Groningen PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands Departments of clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology University Medical Center Groningen PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands Departments of Laboratory Medicine University Medical Center Groningen PO Box 30001 9700 RB Groningen The Netherlands K.G. j.bsen coeliac Disease Research centre Department of Immunology University of Oslo P.O. Box 1072 Blindern 0316 Oslo Norway

Inter-individual heterogeneity in drug response is a serious problem that affects the patient＇s wellbeing and poses enormous clinical and financial burdens on a societal level. Pharmacogenomics has been at the forefront of research into the impact of individual genetic background on drug response variability or drug toxicity, and recently the gut microbiome, which has also been called the second genome, has been recog- nized as an important player in this respect. Moreover, the microbiome is a very attractive target for improving drug efficacy and safety due to the opportunities to manipulate its composition. Pharmacomicrobiomics is an emerging field that investigates the interplay of microbiome variation and drugs response and disposi- tion （absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion）. In this review, we provide a historical overview and examine current state-of-the-art knowledge on the complex interactions between gut microbiome, host and drugs. We argue that combining pharmacogenomics and pharmacomicrobiomics will provide an important foundation for making maj.r advances in personalized medicine.

关键词： gut microbiome drug metabolism personalized medicine

Microstructure evolution during homogenization of Al-Mg-Si-Mn-Fe alloys: Modelling and experimental results

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of china 2017年第4期27卷 747-753页

作者： c.L.LIU H.AZIZI-ALIZAMINI N.c.PARSON W.j.POOLE Q.DU Department of Materials Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering Mc Master University Hamilton L8S 4L7 Canada Rio Tinto Arvida Research and Development Centre P. O. Box 1250 Jonquière (QC) G7S 4K8 Canada SINTEF Materials and chemistry P. O. Box 4760 Sluppen 7456 Trondheim Norway

Microstructure evolution during the homogenization heat treatment of an Al?Mg?Si?Fe?Mn(AA6xxx)alloy wasinvestigated using a combination of modelling and experimental *** model is based on the cALPHAD-coupledhomogenization heat treatment model originally developed for AA3xxx alloys(i.e.,Al?Mn?Fe?Si).In this work,the model wasadapted to the more complex AA6xxx system(Al?Mg?Si?Mn?Fe)to predict the evolution of critical microstructural features suchas the spatial distribution of solute,the type and fraction of constituent particles and dispersoid number density and size *** were also conducted using three direct chill(Dc)cast AA6xxx alloys with different Mn levels subj.cted to varioushomogenization *** resulting microstructures were characterized using a range of techniques including scanning electronmicroscopy,electron microprobe analysis(EPMA),XRD,and electrical resistivity *** model predictions werecompared with the experimental measurements,and reasonable agreement was found.

关键词： AA6xxx alloy homogenization heat treatment mathematical modelling cALPHAD diffusion

Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis Identifies a Prominent Gene Involved in the Production of Fatty Acid-Derived Flavor Volatiles in Tomato

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Molecular Plant 2018年第9期11卷 1147-1165页

作者： Karolina Garbowicz Zhongyuan Liu Saleh Alseekh Denise Tieman Mark Taylor Anastasiya Kuhalskaya Itai Ofner Dani Zamir Harry j. Klee Alisdair R. Fernie Yariv Brotman Max-Planck-lnstitute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm Germany Horticultural Sciences Plant Innovation Center University of Florida Gainesville FL USA center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology 4000 Plovdiv Bulgaria Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics Faculty of Agriculture Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot 7610001 Israel These authors contributed equally to this article

To gain insight into the genetic regulation of lipid metabolism in tomato, we conducted metabolic trait loci （mQTL） analysis following the lipidomic profiling of fruit pericarp and leaf tissue of the Solanum pennellii introgression lines （IL）. To enhance mapping resolution for selected fruit-specific mQTL, we profiled the lipids in a subset of independently derived S. pennellii backcross inbred lines, as well as in a nearsogenic sub-iL population. We identified a putative lecithin：cholesterol acyltransferase that controls the levels of several lipids, and two members of the class III lipase family, LIP1 and LIP2, that were associated with decreased levels of diacylglycerols （DAGs） and triacylglycerols （TAGs）. Lipases of this class cleave fatty acids from the glycerol backbone of acylglycerols. The released fatty acids serve as precursors of flavor volatiles. We show that LIP1 expression correlates with fatty acid-derived volatile levels. We further confirm the function of LIP1 in TAG and DAG breakdown and volatile synthesis using transgenic plants. Taken together, our study extensively characterized the genetic architecture of Upophilic compounds in tomato and demonstrated at molecular level that release of free fatty acids from the glycerol backbone can have a maj.r impact on downstream volatile synthesis.

关键词： lipidomics lipids lipase volatile FA-VOc Z-4-decenal

Mass as the Fifth Dimension of the Universe

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International j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第3期3卷 257-259页

作者： Bij.n Nikouravan j.tendra j. Rawal Department of Physics Islamic Azad University (IAU)-Varamin-Pishva Branch Tehran Iran Department of Physics University Malaya (UM) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Newton considered three-dimensional universe endowed with flat space Euclidean geometry, and treated the time as an outside parameter and established his dynamics of the universe. Einstein along with space, considered time, and generated a four-dimensional universe endowed with non-Euclidean curved space-time geometry with time as its fourth dimension, and set up his field equations. Schwarzschild solved Einstein’s field equations around a star in space, which is, otherwise, flat, and obtained a solution. We, along with space and time, considered mass which also included energy according to Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence relation: E = mc2, and generated a five-dimensional universe with the mass as its fifth dimension, and solved the Einstein’s field equations, in some simple cases, and obtained solutions around a star in space, which is otherwise, flat.

关键词： Mass 5D Universe Einstein’s Field Equations

The Study of a New Manipulator for a Stone Protector of Stony Soil Tillage Implement

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j.urnal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2011年第5期1卷 751-755页

作者： j. Olt and M. Heinloo Department of Agricultural and Production Engineering Estonian University of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 56 Tartu 51014 Estonia

This paper studies the motion of novel manipulator that can be used in the structure of stone protectors of soil tillage implements. According to the virtual reality technology-based method the technology of composition of the virtual model of a manipulator and its positions in the working process are described in details. This virtual model is used for composition the video clip, simulating the motion of novel manipulator, which three points are moving along two lines and one curve. The results obtained and the computer program realizing the virtual reality technology-based study of the working process of the virtual manipulators for stone protectors can be used by designers of stone protectors for soil tillage implements.

关键词： Agricultural machinery soil tillage implement stone protector virtual reality modelling manipulator

Influence of the misfit strain and temperature on the characteristics of MFIS-FETs

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Influence of the misfit strain and temperature on the charac...

One Dimensional Relativistic Free Particle in a Quadratic Dissipative Medium

第十二届全国物理力学学术会议

作者： X.-L.Zhong Y.Zhang j.-B.Wang Y.-c.Zhou Faculty of Materials Optoelectronics and PhysicsKey Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of EducationXiangtan University

The metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MFIS-FET) has received much attention because of its promise for applications in low-power,low-voltage,highdensity nonvolatile *** such multilayer system,the misfit strain exists *** this paper,at first,considering the effects of the misfit strain and temperature on the polarization properties of ferroelectric layer,an improved P - E hysteresis loop model is proposed based on Miller ***,combining this improved P - E hysteresis loop model with basic equations of semiconductor devices,the effects of mismatch strain and temperature on the electrical characteristics of MFIS-FETs are *** simulation and experimental results indicate that the compressive strain increases while tensile strain decreases memory window of *** simulation results also indicate that the memory window of MFIS-FETs reduces with increasing operating temperature.

关键词： MFIS-FETs strain temperature memory window

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j.urnal of Modern Physics 2015年第2期6卷 121-125页

作者： G. V. López G. c. Montes j. G. T. Zanudo Departamento de Fsica Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara México

The deduction of a constant of motion, a Lagrangian, and a Hamiltonian for relativistic particle moving in a dissipative medium characterized by a force which depends on the square of the velocity of the particle is done. It is shown that while the traj.ctories in the space (x,v), defined by the constant of motion, look as one might expected, the traj.ctories in the space (x,p), defined by the Hamiltonian, have an odd behavior.

关键词： Lagrangian Hamiltonian constant of Motion Dissipation Relativistic

Gauge Invariance, the Quantum Metric Tensor and the Quantum Fidelity

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j.urnal of Modern Physics 2016年第13期7卷 1627-1634页

作者： j. Alvarez-j.ménez j.se David Vergara Instituto de ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México

The quantum metric tensor was introduced for defining the distance in the parameter space of a system. However, it is also useful for other purposes, like predicting quantum phase transitions. Due to the physical information this tensor provides, its gauge independence sounds reasonable. Moreover, its original construction was made by looking for this gauge independence. The aim of this paper, however, is to prove that the quantum metric tensor does depend on the gauge. In addition, a real gauge invariant quantum metric tensor is introduced. A related concept is the quantum fidelity, which is also shown to depend on the gauge in this paper. The gauge dependences are explicitly shown by computing the quantum metric tensor and the quantum fidelity of the Landau problem in different gauges. Then, a real gauge independent metric tensor is proposed and computed for the same Landau problem. Since the gauge dependences have not been observed before, the results of this paper might lead to a new study of topics that are believed to be completely understood.

关键词： Landau problem Quantum Metric Tensor Gauge Dependence Quantum Fidelity

INTERAcTION OF PREcIPITATION AND REcRYSTALLIZATION IN RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED cu-cr-Zr-Mg ALLOY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1999年第3期12卷 273-275,576-277页

作者： Liu, P. Kang, B.X. cao, X.G. Huang, j.L. Yin, B. Gu, H.c. Xi'an j.aotong Univ Xi'an China

The recrystallization process of a rapidly solidified cu-cr-Zr-Mg alloy during its aging was investigate experimentally. It was found that (1) upon aging, the precipitation process takes place prior to recrystallization for the cold-deformed cu-cr-Zr-Mg alloy produced by rapid solidification, and the precipitates have a restrained effect on the following recrystallization process; (2) the hindrance of the dispersed fine precipitates to the common recrystallization leads to the simultaneous in situ and discontinuous recrystallization; (3) the resolution of the precipitates in the front of migrating grain boundaries takes place during the nucleation and growth of recrystallization, which results in a supersaturation in the recrystallized zones, while the re-precipitation of the supersaturated solute atoms in vacancies further increases the dispersion hardening effect.

关键词： crystal microstructure Precipitation (chemical) Rapid solidification Recrystallization (metallurgy) Supersaturation