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EMP control and characterization on high-power laser systems

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 55-62页

作者： P.Bradford N.c.Woolsey G.G.Scott G.Liao H.Liu Y.Zhang B.Zhu c.Armstrong S.Astbury c.Brenner P.Brummitt F.consoli I.East R.Gray D.Haddock E Huggard E J.R.Jones E.Montgomery I.Musgrave E Oliveira D.R.Rusby c.spindloe B.Summers E.Zemaityte Z.Zhang Y.Li P.McKenna D.Neely Department of Physics York Plasma InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO10 5DDUK central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education)and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Beijing National Laboratory for condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics SUPA University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK ENEA-c.R.Frascati-Dipartimento FSN Via E.Fermi 4500044 FrascatiItaly Space Science Department STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK

Giant electromagnetic pulses(EMP) generated during the interaction of high-power lasers with solid targets can seriously degrade electrical measurements and equipment. EMP emission is caused by the acceleration of hot electrons inside the target, which produce radiation across a wide band from Dc to terahertz frequencies. Improved understanding and control of EMP is vital as we enter a new era of high repetition rate, high intensity lasers(e.g. the Extreme Light Infrastructure).We present recent data from the VULcAN laser facility that demonstrates how EMP can be readily and effectively reduced. characterization of the EMP was achieved using B-dot and D-dot probes that took measurements for a range of different target and laser parameters. We demonstrate that target stalk geometry, material composition, geodesic path length and foil surface area can all play a significant role in the reduction of EMP. A combination of electromagnetic wave and 3 D particle-in-cell simulations is used to inform our conclusions about the effects of stalk geometry on EMP,providing an opportunity for comparison with existing charge separation models.

关键词： high energy density physics high-power laser related laser components laser plasmas interaction target design and fabrication

Design and fabrication of gas cell targets for laboratory astrophysics experiments on the Orion high-power laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 62-66页

作者： c.spindloe D.Wyatt S.Astbury G.F.Swadling T.clayson c.Stehlé J.M.Foster E.Gumbrell R.charles c.N.Danson P.Brummitt F.Suzuki-Vidal current address： Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory California 94550 USA

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a range of ‘gas cell' microtargets produced by the Target Fabrication Group in the central Laser Facility(cLF) for academic access experiments on the Orion laser facility at the Atomic Weapons Establishment(AWE). The experiments were carried out by an academic consortium led by Imperial college London. The underlying target methodology was an evolution of a range of targets used for experiments on radiative shocks and involved the fabrication of a precision machined cell containing a number of apertures for interaction foils or diagnostic windows. The interior of the cell was gas-filled before laser irradiation. This paper details the assembly processes, thin film requirements and micro-machining processes needed to produce the targets. Also described is the implementation of a gas-fill system to produce targets that are filled to a pressure of 0.1–1 bar. The paper discusses the challenges that are posed by such a target.

关键词： astrophysics microtargets

Bremsstrahlung emission from high power laser interactions with constrained targets for industrial radiography

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第2期7卷 27-33页

作者： c.D.Armstrong c.M.Brenner c.Jones D.R.Rusby Z.E.Davidson Y.Zhang J.Wragg S.Richards c.spindloe P.Oliveira M.Notley R.clarke S.R.Mirfayzi S.Kar Y.Li T.Scott P.McKenna D.Neely Department of Physics SUPA University of StrathclydeGlasgow G4ONGUK central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwellOxford0X11OQXUK Interface Analysis centre HH Wills Physics LaboratoryTyndall AvenueBristol BS81TLUK Beijing National Laboratory for condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China centre for Plasma Physics Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT7INNUK

Laser-solid interactions are highly suited as a potential source of high energy X-rays for nondestructive imaging.A bright,energetic X-ray pulse can be driven from a small source,making it ideal for high resolution X-ray *** limiting the lateral dimensions of the target we are able to confine the region over which X-rays are produced,enabling imaging with enhanced resolution and *** constrained targets we demonstrate experimentally a(20±3)μm X-ray source,improving the image quality compared to unconstrained foil *** demonstrates that a larger sheath field envelope around the perimeter of the constrained targets increases the proportion of electron current that recirculates through the target,driving a brighter source of X-rays.

关键词： bremsstrahlung high power laser nondestructive imaging radiography X-ray

Optimization of a laser plasma-based x-ray source according to WDM absorption spectroscopy requirements

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第1期6卷 37-44页

作者： A.S.Martynenko S.A.Pikuz I.Yu.Skobelev S.N.Ryazantsev c.D.Baird N.Booth L.N.K.Dohl P.Durey A.Ya.Faenov D.Farley R.Kodama K.Lancaster P.McKenna c.D.Murphy c.spindloe T.A.Pikuz N.Woolsey Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences 125412 MoscowRussia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Kashirskoe Sh.31115409 MoscowRussia York Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUnited Kingdom Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative Osaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuita 565-0871Japan Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a well-accepted diagnostic for experimental studies of warm dense *** requires a short-lived X-ray source of sufficiently high emissivity and without characteristic lines in the spectral range of *** the present work,we discuss how to choose an optimum material and thickness to get a bright source in the wavelength range 2A–6A(∼2 keV to 6 keV)by considering relatively low-Z *** demonstrate that the highest emissivity of solid aluminum and silicon foil targets irradiated with a 1-ps high-contrast sub-kJ laser pulse is achieved when the target thickness is close to 10μ*** outer plastic layer can increase the emissivity even further.

关键词： laser WDM source

Proton deflectometry of a capacitor coil target along two axes

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第2期8卷 10-18页

作者： P.Bradford M.P.Read M.Ehret L.Antonelli M.Khan N.Booth K.Glize D.carroll R.J.clarke R.Heathcote S.Ryazantsev S.Pikuz c.spindloe J.D.Moody B.B.Pollock V.T.Tikhonchuk c.P.Ridgers J.J.Santos N.c.Woolsey York Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK centre Lasers Intenses et Applications University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA33405 TalenceFrance Institut fur Kernphysik Tech.Univ.Darmstadt64289 DarmstadtGermany central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotSTFCUKRIOxfordshireUK Joint Institute for High Temperatures RASMoscow 125412Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94551USA ELI Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesZa Radnicic 83525241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic

A developing application of laser-driven currents is the generation of magnetic fields of picosecond-nanosecond duration with magnitudes exceeding B=10 ***-loop and helical coil targets can direct laser-driven discharge currents along wires to generate spatially uniform,quasi-static magnetic fields on the millimetre ***,we present proton deflectometry across two axes of a single-loop coil ranging from 1 to 2 mm in *** with proton tracking simulations shows that measured magnetic fields are the result of kiloampere currents in the coil and electric charges distributed around the coil *** this dual-axis platform for proton deflectometry,robust measurements can be made of the evolution of magnetic fields in a capacitor coil target.

关键词： strong magnetic field laser-driven coil targets laser-plasma interaction proton deflectometry laboratory astrophysics

Automated control and optimization of laser-driven ion acceleration

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高功率激光科学与工程:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 32-40页

作者： B.Loughran M.J.V.Streeter H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Balcazar M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois c.B.curry S.J.D.Dann S.DiIorio N.P.Dover T.Dzelzainis O.c.Ettlinger M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer J.S.Green R.J.Gray G.S.Hicks c.Hyland V.Istokskaia M.King D.Margarone O.Mccusker P.McKenna Z.Najmudin c.Parisuaña P.Parsons c.spindloe D.R.Symes A.G.R.Thomas F.Treffert N.Xu c.A.J.Palmer School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Gérard Mourou center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCAUSA Department of Electrical and computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Imperial College LondonLondonUK ELI Beamlines centre Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesDolníBˇrežanyCzech Republic Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

The interaction of relativistically intense lasers with opaque targets represents a highly non-linear,multi-dimensional parameter *** limits the utility of sequential 1D scanning of experimental parameters for the optimization of secondary radiation,although to-date this has been the accepted methodology due to low data acquisition *** repetition-rate(HRR)lasers augmented by machine learning present a valuable opportunity for efficient source ***,an automated,HRR-compatible system produced high-fidelity parameter scans,revealing the influence of laser intensity on target pre-heating and proton generation.A closed-loop Bayesian optimization of maximum proton energy,through control of the laser wavefront and target position,produced proton beams with equivalent maximum energy to manually optimized laser pulses but using only 60%of the laser *** demonstration of automated optimization of laser-driven proton beams is a crucial step towards deeper physical insight and the construction of future radiation sources.

关键词： Bayesian optimization high repetition-rate laser-target interaction laser-driven particle acceleration proton generation

Targets for high repetition rate laser facilities:needs,challenges and perspectives

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 10-40页

作者： I.Prencipe J.Fuchs S.Pascarelli D.W.Schumacher R.B.Stephens N.B.Alexander R.Briggs M.Büscher M.O.cernaianu A.choukourov M.De Marco A.Erbe J.Fassbender G.Fiquet P.Fitzsimmons c.Gheorghiu J.Hund L.G.Huang M.Harmand N.J.Hartley A.Irman T.Kluge Z.Konopkova S.Kraft D.Kraus V.Leca D.Margarone J.Metzkes K.Nagai W.Nazarov P.Lutoslawski D.Papp M.Passoni A.Pelka J.P.Perin J.Schulz M.Smid c.spindloe S.Steinke R.Torchio c.Vass T.Wiste R.Zaffino K.Zeil T.Tschentscher U.Schramm T.E.cowan Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA 25Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona National Center of Microelectronic Spanish Research Council Spain 26University of St. Andrews UK

A number of laser facilities coming online all over the world promise the capability of high-power laser experiments with shot repetition rates between 1 and 10 Hz. Target availability and technical issues related to the interaction environment could become a bottleneck for the exploitation of such facilities. In this paper, we report on target needs for three different classes of experiments: dynamic compression physics, electron transport and isochoric heating, and laser-driven particle and radiation sources. We also review some of the most challenging issues in target fabrication and high repetition rate operation. Finally, we discuss current target supply strategies and future perspectives to establish a sustainable target provision infrastructure for advanced laser facilities.

关键词： high-energy density physics target design and fabrication

Versatile tape-drive target for high-repetition-rate laser-driven proton acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第4期11卷 59-69页

作者： N.Xu M.J.V.Streeter O.c.Ettlinger H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois c.B.curry S.J.D.Dann N.P.Dover T.Dzelzainis V.Istokskaia M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer R.J.Gray J.S.Green G.S.Hicks c.Hyland M.King B.Loughran D.Margarone O.Mccusker P.McKenna c.Parisuaña P.Parsons c.spindloe D.R.Symes F.Treffert c.A.J.Palmer Z.Najmudin John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK School of Maths and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkUSA ELI Beamlines centre Institute of PhysicsCASDolni BrezanyCzech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Electrical and computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

We present the development and characterization of a high-stability,multi-material,multi-thickness tape-drive target for laser-driven acceleration at repetition rates of up to 100 *** tape surface position was measured to be stable on the sub-micrometre scale,compatible with the high-numerical aperture focusing geometries required to achieve relativistic intensity interactions with the pulse energy available in current multi-Hz and near-future higher repetition-rate lasers(>kHz).Long-term drift was characterized at 100 Hz demonstrating suitability for operation over extended *** target was continuously operated at up to 5 Hz in a recent experiment for 70,000 shots without intervention by the experimental team,with the exception of tape replacement,producing the largest data-set of relativistically intense laser–solid foil measurements to *** tape drive provides robust targetry for the generation and study of high-repetitionrate ion beams using next-generation high-power laser systems,also enabling wider applications of laser-driven proton sources.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser target laser-plasma acceleration proton generation tape-drive target

Maser radiation from collisionless shocks: application to astrophysical jets

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 120-127页

作者： D.c.Speirs K.Ronald A.D.R.Phelps M.E.Koepke R.A.cairns A.Rigby F.cruz R.M.G.M.Trines R.Bamford B.J.Kellett B.Albertazzi J.E.cross F.Fraschetti P.Graham P.M.Kozlowski Y.Kuramitsu F.Miniati T.Morita M.Oliver B.Reville Y.Sakawa S.Sarkar c.spindloe M.Koenig L.O.Silva D.Q.Lamb P.Tzeferacos S.Lebedev G.Gregori R.Bingham Department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde Department of Physics West Virginia University School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St.Andrews Department of Physics University of Oxford GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fus?u Nuclear Instituto Superior T'ecnico Universidade de Lisboa STFc Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation de Lasers Intenses UMR7605 CNRS CEA Universit'e Paris VI Ecole Polytechnique Departments of Planetary Sciences and Astronomy University of Arizona AWE Aldermaston Reading West Berkshire Department of Physics National Central University Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University Belfast Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago Imperial college London

This paper describes a model of electron energization and cyclotron-maser emission applicable to astrophysical magnetized collisionless shocks. It is motivated by the work of Begelman, Ergun and Rees [Astrophys. J. 625, 51(2005)] who argued that the cyclotron-maser instability occurs in localized magnetized collisionless shocks such as those expected in blazar jets. We report on recent research carried out to investigate electron acceleration at collisionless shocks and maser radiation associated with the accelerated electrons. We describe how electrons accelerated by lower-hybrid waves at collisionless shocks generate cyclotron-maser radiation when the accelerated electrons move into regions of stronger magnetic fields. The electrons are accelerated along the magnetic field and magnetically compressed leading to the formation of an electron velocity distribution having a horseshoe shape due to conservation of the electron magnetic moment. Under certain conditions the horseshoe electron velocity distribution function is unstable to the cyclotron-maser instability [Bingham and cairns, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3089(2000); Melrose, Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys. 1, 5(2017)].

关键词： laboratory astrophysics plasma physics particle acceleration plasma-wave instabilities