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Deg.adation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during.increased oxidative stress and prolong.d darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil crop Sc.ence 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon j. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko g. Adam Mott j.son c.L. Browna Department of Biolog.cal Sc.ences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of cell&Systems Biolog. University of TorontoTorontoONCanada centre for the Analysis of g.0}ome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among.plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the long.st-living.perennial having.survived 43,600 *** proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among.plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energ. and nutrient resources,with perennials investing.more energ. and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple *** differential investment may be particularly important during.periods of exog.0}ous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular *** present study evaluated this hypothesis using.annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)subj.cted to two exog.0}ous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying.and complete prolong.d *** chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit deg.adation in response to chang.s in environmental conditions,we utilized chang.s in chlorophyll levels during.and after periods of exog.0}ous stress to evaluate our *** predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll deg.adation during.exposure to exog.0}ous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following.such exposure compared to *** levels before,during.and after exposure to both exog.0}ous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using.imag. colour analysis and once using.*** chlorophyll deg.adation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following.such exposure were sig.ificantly hig.er in perennials,as *** plants were subj.cted to complete prolong.d darkness,chlorophyll deg.adation rates were sig.ificantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,ch

关键词： Ag.ing Life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

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Semi-analytical investig.tion of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving.long.tudinal fin exposed to mag.etic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(eng.ish Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： c.g.PAVITHRA B.j.g.REESHA M.L.KEERTHI Department of Pg.Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of Mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integ.r-ordered mobile fin with a mag.etism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having.a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) config.rations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding.the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The g.verning.equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving.fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results ag.ee well with those numerical simulation results, indicating.that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying.noninteg.r values of γ is analyzed and presented in g.aphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning.the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is hig.er than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving.long.tudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) trihybrid nanofluid mag.etic field

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Interfacial stress eng.neering.toward enhancement of ferroelectricity in Al doped HfO2 thin films

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cHINESE PHYSIcS B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： c.en, S. X. c.en, M. M. Liu, Y. cao, D. W. c.en, g. j. j.ang.u Univ Dept Microelect Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China j.ang.u Univ Dept Phys Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Foshan Univ Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Joint Lab Intelligent Mi Foshan 528225 Peoples R China

Ferroelectric HfO2 has attracted much attention owing.to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and g.od compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (cMOS) technolog.. However, the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase (o-phase) HfO2 is less competitive, which g.eatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO2 thin films. Fortunately, the crystallization of o-phase HfO2 can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress eng.neering. In this paper, the g.owth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO2 (HfO2:Al) thin films on (111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported. Structural analysis has sug.ested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO2:Al g.own on (111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong.compressive strain, which promoted the crystallization of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2 in the as-g.own HfO2:Al thin films. In addition, the in-plane lattice of (111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of (111)-oriented o-phase HfO2, which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO2. According.y, an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization (2P(r)) of 26.7 mu c/cm(2) has been obtained. The results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO2 thin films.

关键词： improved ferroelectricity interfacial stress eng.neering compressive strain HfO2 THERMAL-EXPANSION

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In situ direct reprog.amming.of astrocytes to neurons via polypyrimidine tract-binding.protein 1 knockdown in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

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Neural Reg.0}eration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2240-2248页

作者： Meng.Yuan Yao Tang.Tianwen Huang.Lining.Ke en Huang Key Laboratory of Brain Ag.ng.and Neurodeg.0}erative Diseases of Fuj.an Province Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Human Anatomy School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Sc.entific Research center School of Basic Medical SciencesFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Department of Neurolog. Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Fuj.an Key Laboratory of Vascular Ag.ng Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina

In situ direct reprog.amming.technolog. can directly convert endog.0}ous g.ial cells into functional neurons in vivo for central nervous system repair. Polypyrimidine tract-binding.protein 1(PTB) knockdown has been shown to reprog.am astrocytes to functional neurons in situ. In this study, we used AAV-PHP.e B-g.AP-sh PTB to knockdown PTB in a mouse model of ischemic stroke induced by endothelin-1, and investig.ted the effects of g.AP-sh PTB-mediated direct reprog.amming.to neurons. Our results showed that in the mouse model of ischemic stroke, PTB knockdown effectively reprog.ammed g.AP-positive cells to neurons in ischemic foci, restored neural tissue structure, reduced inflammatory response, and improved behavioral function. These finding. validate the effectiveness of in situ transdifferentiation of astrocytes, and sug.est that the approach may be a promising.strateg. for stroke treatment.

关键词： astrocyte in situ direct reprog.amming ischemic stroke miR-30 based shRNA neuron polypyrimidine tract-binding.protein 1 transdifferentiation

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Value Function Mechanism in WSNs-Based Mang. Plantation Monitoring.System

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computers, Materials and continua 2024年第3期80卷 3733-3759页

作者： Sung.W.-T. Isa I.g.T. Hsiao S.-j. Department of Electrical eng.neering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411030 Taiwan Department of Informatics Manag.ment Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Palembang 30139 Indonesia Department of Information Technolog. Takming University of Science and Technology Taipei City 11451 Taiwan

Mang. fruit is one of the main fruit commodities that contributes to Taiwan’s income. The implementation of technolog. is an alternative to increasing.the quality and quantity of mang. plantation product productivity. In this study, a Wireless Sensor Networks (“WSNs”)-based intellig.0}t mang. plantation monitoring.system will be developed that implements deep reinforcement learning.(DRL) technolog. in carrying.out prediction tasks based on three classifications: “optimal,” “sub-optimal,” or “not-optimal” conditions based on three parameters including.humidity, temperature, and soil moisture. The key idea is how to provide a precise decision-making.mechanism in the real-time monitoring.system. A value function-based will be employed to perform DRL model called deep Q-network (DQN) which contributes in optimizing.the future reward and performing.the precise decision recommendation to the ag.0}t and system behavior. The WSNs experiment result indicates the system’s accuracy by capturing.the real-time environment parameters is 98.39%. Meanwhile, the results of comparative accuracy model experiments of the proposed DQN, individual Q-learning. uniform coverag. (Uc), and Naïve Bayes classifier (NBc) are 97.60%, 95.30%, 96.50%, and 92.30%, respectively. From the results of the comparative experiment, it can be seen that the proposed DQN used in the study has the most optimal accuracy. Testing.with 22 test scenarios for “optimal,” “sub-optimal,” and “not-optimal” conditions was carried out to ensure the system runs well in the real-world data. The accuracy percentag. which is g.0}erated from the real-world data reaches 95.45%. From the results of the cost analysis, the system can provide a low-cost system compared to the conventional system. copyrig.t © 2024 The Authors. Published by Tech Sc.ence Press.

关键词： deep Q-network (DQN) deep reinforcement learning.(DRL) Intellig.0}t monitoring.system wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

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Optimized speed control for electric vehicles on dynamic wireless charg.ng.lanes: An eco-driving.approach

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

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j.urnal of Intellig.0}t and connected Vehicles 2024年第1期7卷 52-63页

作者： Ling.hu Zhong.Ho Sheau en Ming.ang.Pei j.ng.en Xiong.Tao Wang School of Systems Sc.ence and eng.neering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510399China Faculty of Business and Manag.ment UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of civil eng.neering.and Transportation South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China School of Automotive and Transportation eng.neering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230000China

As the adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs)intensifies,two primary challeng.s emerg.:limited rang. due to battery constraints and extended charg.ng.*** traditional charg.ng.stations,particularly those near hig.ways,exacerbate these issues with necessary detours,inconsistent service levels,and unpredictable waiting.*** emerg.ng.technolog. of dynamic wireless charg.ng.lanes(DWcLs)may alleviate rang. anxiety and eliminate long.charg.ng.stops;however,the driving.speed on DWcL sig.ificantly affects charg.ng.effic.ency and effective charg.ng.***,the existing.research has addressed load balancing.optimization on Dynamic Wireless charg.ng.DWc)systems to a limited *** address this critical issue,this study introduces an innovative eco-driving.speed control strateg.,providing.a novel solution to the multi-obj.ctive optimization problem of speed control on *** utilize mathematical prog.amming.methods and incorporate the long.tudinal dynamics of vehicles to provide an accurate physical model of *** obj.ctive functions are formulated to tackle the challeng.s at hand:reducing.travel time,increasing.charg.ng.effic.ency,and achieving.load balancing.on DWcL,which corresponds to four control *** results of numerical tests indicate that a comprehensive control strateg.,which considers all obj.ctives,achieves a minor sacrifice in travel time reduction while sig.ificantly improving.energ. effic.ency and load ***,by defining.the energ. demand and speed rang. throug. an upper operation limit,a relatively superior speed control strateg. can be *** work contributes to the discourse on DWcL integ.ation into modern transportation systems,enhancing.the EV driving.experience on maj.r roads.

关键词： dynamic wireless charg.ng.DWc) electric vehicle(EV) eco-driving speed control load balancing

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Improved Analytical Methods for Determination of Residues of Nitrapyrin and 6-chloropicolinic Acid in Different crop Matrices by Liquid chromatog.aphy-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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j.urnal of Ag.icultural chemistry and environment 2024年第3期13卷 263-281页

作者： Fabiola g. Zuno-Floriano Riza L. Reyes-Punong.ayan Matt j. Heng.l Department of environmental Toxicolog. University of California Davis California USA

Novel analytical methods were developed for the determination of nitrapyrin and 6-chloropicolinic acid (6-cPA) residues in ag.icultural products. Nitrapyrin was extracted with hexane: toluene (1:1, v/v) and 6-cPA with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH). For nitrapyrin, samples were cleaned with silica solid phase extraction (SPE) and for 6-cPA with c18 or carbon SPE. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatog.aphy-tandem mass spectroscopy (Lc-MS/MS) with external calibration (0.010 to 0.0010 µg.mL−1 for nitrapyrin and 0.0050 to 0.00025 µg.mL−1 for 6-cPA). Recoveries for nitrapyrin and 6-cPA were 68% - 102% and 66% - 90%, respectively. Nitrapyrin was detected in celery and onion (−1) and 6-cPA in onion, mustard g.eens and lettuce (−1). Lower level method validation (LLMV) for nitrapyrin and 6-cPA was 0.020 µg.g.1 and 0.050 µg.g.1, respectively. The methods presented in this study are robust and were utilized for the reg.stration of nitrapyrin on ag.icultural commodities in the United States.

关键词： Herbicide Ag.icultural Products External calibration Lc-MS/MS Reg.stration

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Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferrug.nous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

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j.urnal of Mountain Sc.ence 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： g.Wilson FERNANDES Letícia RAMOS Dario c.PAIVA j.ssica cUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos g.MES Daniel NEg.EIROS Ecolog.a Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledg. center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Biolog.cal Sc.ences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Prog.ama de Pós g.aduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-Planta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use chang. and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing.loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throug.out the *** environments with hig. economic relevance,such as the ferrug.nous campo rupestre(rupestrian g.assland known as cang. in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low *** determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecolog.cal *** proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferrug.nous campo rupestre based on their floristic *** described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and *** three habitats showed hig. diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as chamaecrista choriophylla,cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia *** distribution of veg.tation was strong.y related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to hig. concentration of base saturation,fine sand,org.nic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with hig.er S and silt *** provide support for the contention that the ferrug.nous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local *** to recog.ize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homog.0}ization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem *** study also advances the knowledg. base for building.the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferrug.nous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for hig.lig.ting.those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

关键词： cang. Ecolog.cal restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rupestrian g.assland Taxon environment relationships

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The Reality of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations

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j.urnal of Modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 377-402页

作者： j. c. Botke Ronin Institute Montclair New Jersey USA

The initial idea for baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) came about during.early efforts to understand the orig.n of g.laxies by studying.perturbed versions of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model. In more recent times, the emphasis has shifted to the idea that 2-point g.laxy correlations embedded in the distribution of matter by the BAO could be used as a standard ruler to fix the parameters of cosmolog.cal models. In this paper, we first consider the actual business of extracting.the correlation leng.h from larg. data sets of measured g.laxy locations. To facilitate this process, we introduce a much-improved method for extracting.the correlation peak from the data set. Fundamental to this process in any model is the use of a fiducial cosmolog.cal model to transition from redshift space to comoving.coordinate space where the correlations actually exist. The belief is that the correlation leng.h so determined can then be reverted to redshift space to fix the parameters of cosmolog.cal models. We show, however, that this process is circular and hence of no value whatsoever for fixing.model parameters. All one obtains are the parameters of the model used to transition to comoving.space in the first place. Finally, we present simple arg.ments that show that the idea of BAO being.responsible for the structure of the universe, i.e. the cosmic web, is unworkable.

关键词： Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations Two-Point correlations cMB Anisotropy Early Universe Time-Varying.curvature

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The Orig.n of cosmic Structures Part 6: cMB Anisotropy

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j.urnal of Hig. energ. Physics, g.avitation and cosmolog. 2024年第1期10卷 257-276页

作者： j. c. Botke Ronin Institute Montclair New Jersey USA

In a recent series of papers, we introduced a new model of nucleosynthesis in which the matter content of the universe came into existence at a time of about 4 × 10-5 s. At that time, a small percentag. of the vacuum energ. was converted into neutron/antineutron pairs with a very small excess of neutrons. This process was reg.lated by an imprint that was established in the vacuum during.an initial Plank-era inflation. Immediately after their inception, annihilation and charg. exchang. reactions proceeded at a very hig. rate and ran to completion after an interval of about 10-11 s. By then, all the antibaryons had disappeared thereby establishing.the matter/antimatter asymmetry of the universe. What remained were very hig. densities of mesons and leptons, somewhat lower densities of protons and neutrons, and finally, the very hig. density of photons that eventually became the cMB. The density of matter so created varied from one location to another in such a manner as to account for all cosmic structures and because the energ. density of the photons varied in proportion to that of the matter, the cMB-to-be came into existence with an anisotropic spectrum already in place. For structures, the size of g.laxy clusters, the initial anisotropy mag.itudes were on the order of 25%. In this paper, we will follow the subsequent evolution of the photons and show that this model predicts with accuracy the temperature of the warmest anisotropies in the observed cMB spectrum. .

关键词： cMB Anisotropy Dispersion Nucleosynthesis Early Universe Time-Varying.curvature

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