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Impacts of pollution heterogeneity on population exposure in dense urban areas using ultra-fine resolution air quality data

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 513-523页

作者： Wenwei che Yumiao Zhang changqing Lin Yik Him fung Jimmy c.H.fung Alexis KHLau division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Department of civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongChina

Traditional air quality data have a spatial resolution of 1 km or above, making it challenging to resolve detailed air pollution exposure in complex urban areas. combining urban morphology, dynamic traffic emission, regional and local meteorology, physicochemical transformations in air quality models using big data fusion technology, an ultra-fine resolution modeling system was developed to provide air quality data down to street level. Based on one-year ultra-fine resolution data, this study investigated the effects of pollution heterogeneity on the individual and population exposure to particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)),nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)), and ozone(O_(3)) in Hong Kong, one of the most densely populated and urbanized cities. Sharp fine-scale variabilities in air pollution were revealed within individual city blocks. Using traditional 1 km average to represent individual exposure resulted in a positively skewed deviation of up to 200% for high-end exposure individuals. citizens were disproportionally affected by air pollution, with annual pollutant concentrations varied by factors of 2 to 5 among 452 district council constituency Areas(DccAs) in Hong Kong, indicating great environmental inequities among the population. Unfavorable city planning resulted in a positive spatial coincidence between pollution and population, which increased public exposure to air pollutants by as large as 46% among districts in Hong Kong. Our results highlight the importance of ultra-fine pollutant data in quantifying the heterogeneity in pollution exposure in the dense urban area and the critical role of smart urban planning in reducing exposure inequities.

关键词： Particulate matter Nitrogen dioxide Ozone Pollution heterogeneity Urban area

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Variable Energy Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of GaN Grown on Sapphire Substrates with MOcVD

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chinese Physics Letters 2005年第5期22卷 1214-1217页

作者：胡一帆 c.D.Beling S.fung DepartmentofPhysics HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430074 DepartmentofPhysics UniversityofHongKongPokfulamRoadHongKong

Depth profiled Doppler broadening of positron annihilation spectroscopy(DBPAS), which is also called the variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (VEPAS), isused in characterization of GaN grown on sapphire substrates with metal-organic chemical vapourdeposition (MOcVD). The GaN film and the film/substrate interface are investigated. The VEPFIT(variable energy positron lit) software was used for analysing the data, and the positron diffusionlength of the sapphire is obtained. The results suggest that there is a highly defected region nearthe GaN/sapphire interface. This thin dislocated region is generated at the film/substrate interfaceto relieve the strain. Effects of implantation dose on defect formation, for the GaN/Sapphiresamples, which implanted by Al+ ions, are also investigated. Studies on Al+ implanted GaN films (notincluding the interface and sapphire) have revealed that there are two different regions ofimplantation damage. For the low Al+ implantation dose samples, in the region close to the surface,defects are mainly composed of vacancy pairs with small amount of vacancy clusters, and in theinterior region of the film the positron traps are vacancy clusters without micro-voids. For thehighest dose sample, however, some positron trap centres are in the form of micro-voids in thesecond region.

关键词： DEFEcTS

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Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic.diseases International 2015年第2期14卷 139-144页

作者： Rui Guo Emily c Liong Kwok Fai So Man-Lung fung George L Tipoe Departments of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

BAcKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of *** probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin *** exercise is shown to improve *** review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on *** SOURcE：We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in Pub ***： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFLD include：（i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y expression levels; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome c released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. cONcLUSION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease chronic aerobic exercise oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis autophagy

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Small Molecule Organic Nanostructures—Fabrication and Properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第4期24卷 563-568页

作者： A.B.Djurii A.M.c.Ng Kai-Yin cHEUNG Man-Kin fung Wai-Kin cHAN Department of Physics University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of chemistry University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongHong Kong SARChina

Organic materials are of great interest for the development of low cost electronic and optoelectronic devices. Although majority of research on organic materials is concerned with synthesis of novel compounds and organic thin films, organic nanostructures are attracting increasing interest in recent years. We briefly review different growth methods of organic nanostructures, which can be roughly divided into vapor deposition methods and self-assembly techniques in solution. Then we highlight some interesting properties of organic nanostructures, as well as possible applications, includinf field emission, electronic and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Organic nanostructures Self-assembly Vapor deposition

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Therapeutic approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: past achievements and future challenges

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic.diseases International 2013年第2期12卷 125-135页

作者： Jia Xiao Rui Guo Man Lung fung Emily c Liong George L Tipoe Departments of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Gene and cell Engineering Research center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Departments of Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Research centre of Heart Brain Hormone and Healthy Aging CentreLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

BAcKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver injury and mortality in Western countries and china. However, as to date, there is no direct and effective therapy for this disease. The aim of this review is to analyze the key progress and challenges of main current therapeutic approaches in NAFLD. DATA SOURcE: We carried out a PubMed search of English-language articles relevant to NAFLD therapy. RESULTS: There are two major therapeutic strategies for NAFLD treatment: (1) lifestyle interventions (including weight reduction, dietary modification and physical exercise) and (2) pharmaceutical therapies. Lifestyle interventions, particularly chronic and moderate intensity exercise, are the most effective and recognized clinical therapies for NAFLD. For pharmaceutical therapies, although their effects and mechanisms have been extensively investigated in laboratory studies, they still need further tests and investigations in clinical human trials. cONcLUSION: Future advancement of NAFLD therapy should focus on the mechanistic studies on cell based and animal models and human clinical trials of exercise, as well as the combination of lifestyle intervention and pharmaceutical therapy specifically targeting main signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy pharmaceuticals exercise

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Era of direct acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis c: Who will benefit?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第24期7卷 2543-2550页

作者： James fung Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospitalthe University of Hong Kong Liver Transplant center Queen Mary Hospital State Key Laboratory for Liver Research the University of Hong Kong

In the era of highly effective direct acting antiviral(DAA) drugs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis c(cHc) infection, where eradication is almost ensured with minimal side effects, all hepatitis c carriers should benefit theoretically. In the real world setting however, only a small proportion will benefit at this time point due to the multiple barriers to accessing therapy. Given that universal treatment is unlikely, treatment with DAAs will likely be restricted to those with the highest health benefits, and for those who can afford the high expense of a treatment course. Those with the highest unmet needs include those who have failed previous interferon-based therapy or who are interferon-ineligible with evidence of active disease, those with advance liver disease, and those with recurrence of hepatitis c after liver transplantation. In the future, the focus should be on increasing access to treatment for those infected with cHc.

关键词： Treatment direct acting antivirals Benefit Unmet n

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Effect of Money Supply on Real Output and Price in china

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china & World Economy 2009年第2期17卷 35-44页

作者： chih-Hsiang chang Kam c.chan Hung-Gay fung college of Management National University of Kaohsiung Gordon Ford college of Business Western Kentucky University college of Business Administration and center for International Studies University of Missouri-St.Louis

Over the past 30 years, china has achieved remarkable long-term economic growth. Using quarterly data, we study the effects of money supply on real output and inflation in china between 1993 and 2008. To this end, we use money supply shocks afler filtering out the expected component of the money supply. Our findings provide evidence supporting the asymmetric effect of positive and negative money supply shocks on real output and inflation in china. That is, real GDP growth in china responds to negative money supply shocks but not positive money supply shocks. In addition, inflation responds to positive money supply shocks but not negative money supply shocks. We conclude that the People＇s Bank of china＇ s policy of steady monetary growth appears to be appropriate. Our study offers important policy implications for china.

关键词： inflation money supply real output

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Nitric oxide and oxygen radicals induced apoptosis via bcl-2 and p53 pathway in hypoxia-reoxygenated cardiomyocytes

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2003年第1期46卷 28-39页

作者：沈剑刚丘幸生姜泊张德良忻文娟 Peter c.W.fung 赵保路 Laboratory of Visual Information Processing Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of chinese Medicine First Military Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China

Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to 24 h of hypoxia 95%N2/5%cO2 and 24 h of hypoxia plus 4 h of reoxygenation 95%O2/5%cO2. 24 h of hypoxia increased the levels of NO, --23NO/NO, TBARS and LDH. 24 h of hypoxia plus 4 h of reoxygenation decreased the levels of NO, --23NO/NO, but further increased TBARS and LDH. The hypoxia up-regulated the expression of bcl-2, p53 and p21/waf1/cip1 but the reoxygenation down-regulated the expression of bcl-2, and further up-regulated p53 and p21/waf1/cip1. The hypoxia increased cell apoptosis and reoxygena-tion further increased both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. NO, -23NO/NO, TBARS, DNA frag-mentation and cell apoptosis were enhanced by SNP and inhibited by L-NAME respectively. In addition, SOD/catalase down-regulated the expression of p53, p21/wafl/cipl and TBARS but up-regulated bcl-2 and increased indirectly the level of NO, --23NO/NO, and inhibited DNA frag-mentation. The results suggest that hypoxia-induced cell death is associated with the activation of NO, bcl-2 and p53 pathway, while hypoxia-reoxygenation induced cell death via the generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of p53 pathway. The present study clarified that NO may be an initiative signal to apoptotic cell death and the activation of bcl-2, p53 and p21/waf1/cip1 path-way in hypoxic and hypoxia-reoxygenated cardiomyocytes.

关键词： apoptosis, hypoxia-reoxygenation, nitric oxide, oxygen radical, bcl-2, p53, p21/waf1/cip1.

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china＇s Outward direct and Portfolio Investments

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china & World Economy 2007年第6期15卷 53-68页

作者： Hung-Gay fung Qingfeng wilson Liu Erin H. c. Kao Professor College of Business Administration ＆ Center for International Studies University of Missouri-St. Louis USA. Department of Finance and Business Law college of Business James Madison University USA. Department of Finance Ling Tung University Taiwan.

This paper analyzes developments and trends related to china＇s outward direct and financial investments by examining chinese firms＇ overseas acquisitions, china＇s holdings of US Treasury securities, and the recently formally launched Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor programs. Strategies should be developed to reach optimal decisions for both direct and por（folio investments. We argue that china should have a longer-term view for both direct and portfolio investments, enabling china to become the leader in Asia while maintaining its sustainable growth objective. china should invest heavily in the development of the Asian bond market and the Asian currency Fund when making both por（folio and direct investment decisions.

关键词： outward direct investments portfolio investments qualified domestic institu-tional investor

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Epidemiology and natural history of Wilson's disease in the chinese: A territory-based study in Hong Kong between 2000 and 2016

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第43期23卷 7716-7726页

作者： Ka-Shing cheung Wai-Kay Seto James fung Lung-Yi Mak ching-Lung Lai Man-fung Yuen Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongQueen Mary Hospital State Key Laboratory for Liver Research The University of Hong Kong

AIM To investigate the epidemiology and natural history of Wilson's disease in the *** Data were retrieved via electronic search of hospital medical registry of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority,which covers all the public healthcare services. We identified cases of Wilson's disease between 2000 and 2016 by the International classification of diseases(IcD)-9 code. We analyzed the incidence rate,prevalence and adverse outcomes of Wilson's *** We identified 211 patients(male cases 104; female cases 107; median age 27.2 years,IQR: 17.1-38.6 years; duration of follow-up 8.0 years,IQR: 5.0-14.0 years). The average annual incidence rate was 1.44 per million person-years while the prevalence was 17.93 per million. Between 2000 and 2016,there was a decrease in the annual incidence rate from 1.65 to 1.23 per million person-years(P = 0.010),whereas there was an increase in the annual prevalence from 7.80 to 25.20 per million(P cases with hepatic involvement,38(21.6%) had cirrhosis,three(1.7%) developed hepatocellular carcinoma,24(13.6%) underwent liver transplantations,and 26(14.8%) died. Seven patients had concomitant chronic viral hepatitis B or c. The 5-year and 10-years rates of overall survival were 92.6% and 89.5%,and for transplant-free survival rates 91.8% and 87.4%,respectively. cirrhosis and possibly chronic viral hepatitis were associated with poorer overall survival. cONcLUSION There was a significant increase in the prevalence of Wilson's disease in Hong Kong. The prognosis was favorable except for those with cirrhosis or concomitant viral hepatitis.

关键词： Hepaticolenticular degeneration cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Transplantation

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