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mRNA vaccines:a new era in vaccine development

Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1543-1564页

作者： SHUBHRA cHANDRA JENNIFER c.WILSON DAVID GOOD MING Q.WEI School of Pharmacy&Medical Sciences Gold Coast campusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4222Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland(MHIQ) Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4215Australia School of Allied Health Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4014Australia

The advent of RNA therapy,particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines,has ushered in a new era in the field of *** article provides a concise overview of the key principles,recent advancements,and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer *** cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune *** vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens,prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant *** personalized and adaptive nature of mRNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual *** breakthroughs in the development of mRNA vaccines,exemplified by the success of cOVID-19 vaccines,have accelerated their application in *** mRNA platform’s versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types,presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic *** trials of mRNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety,immunogenicity,and *** candidates,such as BioNTech’s BNT111 and Moderna’s mRNA-4157,have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors,*** successes underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune *** the field holds great promise,challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread *** development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes,along with ongoing clinical research,will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mRNA cancer ***,mRNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint Preventive&therapeutic vaccine Delivery system mRNA

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Summarizing the evidence for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction: Systematic review of patency and incontinence outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 341-347页

作者： Tenny R.Zhang Ashley Alford Lee c.Zhao Department of Urology NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Urology NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of *** recent years,there have been increasing reports of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction in the ***,existing studies are small,heterogeneous case *** objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction to better evaluate patency and incontinence ***:We performed a systematic review of PubMed from first available date to May 2023 for all studies evaluating robotic-assisted reconstructive surgery of the bladder neck in adult *** in non-English,author replies,editorials,pediatric-based studies,and reviews were *** of interest were patency and incontinence rates,which were pooled when ***:After identifying 158 articles on initial search,we included only ten studies that fit all aforementioned criteria for robotic-assisted bladder neck *** were case series published from March 2018 to March 2022 ranging from six to 32 men,with the median follow-up of 5e23 months.A total of 119 patients were included in our analysis.A variety of etiologies and surgical techniques were *** rates ranged from 50%to 100%,and pooled patency was 80%(95/119).De novo incontinence rates ranged from 0%to 33%,and pooled incontinence was 17%(8/47).Our findings were limited by small sample sizes,relatively short follow-ups,and heterogeneity between studies.

关键词： Bladder neck continence Incontinence Patency Posterior urethra Reconstructive surgery Robotic surgery Stenosis Stricture Surgical outcome

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comparative Orotomy of the Archean Superior,North china,and Phanerozoic Altaid Orogenic Systems Architecture

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第S1期98卷 33-35页

作者： T.M.KUSKY A.M.c.ŞENGÖR center for Global Tectonics School of Earth Sciences and State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences Istanbul Technical University34469IstanbulTürkiye Department of Geology Faculty of MinesIstanbul Technical University34469IstanbulTürkiye

Geological maps encode vast amounts of data about rock types,ages,chemistry,orogenic architecture and deep-time history or different tectonic units,yet these are often difficult to extract because of the way different geologists portray their results at various *** understand orogenesis in 4D,it is essential to uniformly integrate map data,together with geophysical data and deep geochemical mapping(Wang et al.,2023).

关键词： Archean comparative tectonics orotomy Superior craton Altaids North china craton

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Airway management of a patient with linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis:A case report

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World Journal of clinical cases 2024年第13期12卷 2263-2268页

作者： Olga c Nin Robert Hutnik Neil N chheda David Hutchinson Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Otolaryngology University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States

BAcKGROUND There is limited literature on managing the airway of patients with linear immunoglobulin A(IgA)bullous dermatosis,a rare mucocutaneous disorder that leads to the development of friable *** clinical decision making is necessary when there is a risk of bleeding into the airway,and a multidisciplinary team approach may lead to decreased patient morbidity during these high-risk scenarios,especially when confronted with an unusual cause for *** SUMMARY A 45-year-old African American female presented to our ambulatory surgical center for right corneal transplantation due to corneal perforation after blunt trauma in the setting of cicatricial conjunctivitis and diffuse corneal neovascularization from linear IgA bullous *** diagnosis of IgA dermatosis was recent,and the patient had been lost to *** severity of the disease and extent of airway involvement was unknown at the time of the *** airway bleeding was noticed upon intubation and the otorhinolaryngology team had to be called to the operating *** patient required transfer to the intensive care unit where a multidisciplinary team was involved in her *** patient was extubated on postoperative day *** A multidisciplinary approach to treating this disease is the best course of action before a surgical *** our case,key communication between the surgery,anesthesia,and dermatology teams led to the quick and safe treatment of our patient’s *** surgery should not be considered for these cases unless they are in full remission and there is no mucous membrane involvement.

关键词： Airway management Bleeding risk Linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis Multidisciplinary approach Outpatient procedure case report

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Assessing the dynamics and impact of cOVID-19 vaccination on disease spread:A data-driven approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 527-556页

作者： Farhad Waseel George Streftaris Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy Sarat c.Dass School of Mathematical and computer Sciences Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaPutrajayaMalaysia School of Mathematical and computer Sciences Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUnited Kingdom School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaPutrajayaMalaysia Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences United Kingdom Faculty of Mathematics Kabul UniversityKabulAfghanistan

The cOVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health,social,and economic situations since its emergence in December *** primary focus of this study is to propose a distinct vaccination policy and assess its impact on controlling cOVID-19 transmission in Malaysia using a Bayesian data-driven approach,concentrating on the year *** employ a compartmental Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Vaccinated(SEIRV)model,incorporating a time-varying transmission rate and a data-driven method for its estimation through an Exploratory Data Analysis(EDA)*** no vaccine guarantees total immunity against the disease,and vaccine immunity wanes over time,it is critical to include and accurately estimate vaccine efficacy,as well as a constant vaccine immunity decay or wane factor,to better simulate the dynamics of vaccine-induced protection over *** on the distribution and effectiveness of vaccines,we integrated a data-driven estimation of vaccine efficacy,calculated at 75%for Malaysia,underscoring the model's realism and relevance to the specific context of the *** Bayesian inference framework is used to assimilate various data sources and account for underlying uncertainties in model *** model is fitted to real-world data from Malaysia to analyze disease spread trends and evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed vaccination *** findings reveal that this distinct vaccination policy,which emphasizes an accelerated vaccination rate during the initial stages of the program,is highly effective in mitigating the spread of cOVID-19 and substantially reducing the pandemic peak and new *** study found that vaccinating 57–66%of the population(as opposed to 76%in the real data)with a better vaccination policy such as proposed here is able to significantly reduce the number of new infections and ultimately reduce the costs associated with new *** study contributes to the development of a robust and informati

关键词： Bayesian inference SEIRV cOVID-19 Vaccination policy Importance sampling Malaysia Data-driven

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Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY William J.DAVIES Ian c.DODD Lancaster Environment centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

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Influence of railway wheel tread damage on wheel-rail impact loads and the durability of wheelsets

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 20-35页

作者： Michele Maglio Tore Vernersson Jens c.O.Nielsen Anders Ekberg Elena Kabo cHARMEc Department of Mechanical and Maritime SciencesChalmers University of TechnologySE‑41296 GothenburgSweden

Dynamic wheel-rail contact forces induced by a severe form of wheel tread damage have been measured by a wheel impact load detector during full-scale field tests at different vehicle *** on laser scanning,the measured three-dimensional damage geometry is employed in simulations of dynamic vehicle-track interaction to calibrate and verify a simulation *** relation between the magnitude of the impact load and various operational parameters,such as vehicle speed,lateral position of wheel-rail contact,track stiffness and position of impact within a sleeper bay,is *** calibrated model is later employed in simulations featuring other forms of tread damage;their effects on impact load and subsequent fatigue impact on bearings,wheel webs and subsurface initiated rolling contact fatigue of the wheel tread are *** results quantify the effects of wheel tread defects and are valuable in a shift towards condition-based maintenance of running gear,and for general assessment of the severity of different types of railway wheel tread damage.

关键词： Wheel tread damage Rolling contact fatigue cluster Field measurements Dynamic vehicle-track interaction Wheel-rail impact load Wheelset durability

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Insight into Metabolomic Profiling of Tinospora cordifolia: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Quality control

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World Journal of Traditional chinese Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 137-148页

作者： Atiqul Islam c.Anurag Nazia Siddiqui Xianting Ding Alok Sharma college of Pharmacy JSS Academy of Technical EducationNoidaUttar PradeshIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Technology MIETMeerutUttar PradeshIndia Institute for Personalized Medicine School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

The objective of this study was to offer a review of previous works on Tinospora cordifolia(Tc) metabolomics with a highlight on the use of metabolomics in comparative evaluations between varieties and selection of optimum cultivation, collection, and extraction procedures, providing insights into pharmaceutical and food product quality monitoring. Scholarly databases were searched to gather relevant information on Tc's therapeutic usefulness, phytoconstituent studies, metabolomics, and applications. Pub chem was used to learn the structures of several of the metabolites. The various medicinal properties of Tc were extensively researched. The most essential portions of the plant in Ayurvedic medicines are the stems. Bioactive phytochemicals such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, diterpenoids, and phenolic compounds are present in the roots and leaves. Metabolomic analysis revealed that, in addition to the season and geographical region of the sample collected, the metabolite profiles of Tc also depend on the parts of the plant taken as a sample and also the plant's stage of growth. The amounts of secondary metabolites differed between morpho/chemotypes within the Tc species. Despite the fact that research on Tc began several decades ago, the diversity of phytoconstituents was not appreciated because of a lack of reliable techniques for phytochemical fingerprinting. The uncovering of several novel metabolites was aided by advances in chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. To produce a full metabolomic profile, researchers used mutually complementary techniques. Following that, data analysis and searches against spectrum databases allowed for signal annotation and interpretation of metabolites in large quantities without separating them separately. The current review includes a critical assessment of metabolomic data and an overview of the technique's various applications. It is vital to establish the metrics of quality control of herbal medicines in order to

关键词： Analytical tools metabolomics quality control secondary metabolites Tinospora cordifolia

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Designated critical habitats for *** species are not protected from climate and land-use change

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 482-490页

作者： Aimee Delach Laura A.Nunes Alex Borowicz Theodore c.Weber center for conservation Innovation Defenders of Wildlife113017th Street NWWashingtonD.C.20036United States

Designation of critical habitat is an important conservation tool for species listed as threatened or endangered under the United States(U.S.)Endangered Species Act(ESA).While this is an important protective mechanism,lands designated as critical habitat could still be subject to degradation and fragmentation if they are not also in a protected status that prioritizes biodiversity ***,most designations of critical habitat do not explicitly take climate change into *** objective of our study was to determine whether and to what extent critical habitats for species listed under the ESA are located within protected areas and areas previously identified as climate refugia or climate corridors,to inform management strategies to better conserve and recover these *** mapped the designated critical habitats of 153 ESA-listed species and measured their overlap with previously-identified areas of climate refugia and corridors(cRc),and also with lands designated as nature-protected by *** Survey’s Gap Analysis Project(GAP Status 1 or 2)and working lands with wildlife habitat potential(GAP Status 3).Only 18%of all designated critical habitat is located on lands that are both in cRc and nature-protected,and only 9%of species had over half of their designated critical habitats in such lands.84%of species hadcritical habitats with these *** habitats may therefore not fulfill their essential role of helping imperiled species persist and recover.

关键词： Endangered Species Act critical habitat climate refugia climate corridors Protected areas Biodiversity conservation

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机械工程助力半导体纤维光子学

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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2151-2152页

作者： Anna c.Peacock Optoelectronics Research centre University of SouthamptonSO171BJUK

Glass optical fibres have had a tremendous impact on modern society,not only changing the way we communicate and share information on a global scale,but also how we sense,monitor,and manufacture using light-based *** fashioned from silica glass,commercial optical fibres owe their ubiquity to decades of efforts in optimizing the fabrication techniques to minimize transmission losses,principally within the telecommunications wavelength bands[1].However,the intrinsic properties of silica glass,such as its transmission window,nonlinear coefficients,and the absence of electronic functionality,have limited the use of these fibres in some ***,alongside these efforts,fibre fabrication teams have continued to explore alternative material systems that can help to lift some of these limitations and extend the reach of optical fibres and their applications.

关键词：光子学 silica fibres

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