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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDS/IPS for Securing cloud Environment

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computers, Materials & continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen banu A S.K.b.Sangeetha Department of computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the Tc&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets cIcIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-KDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and cell biology(IbMc) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(cNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the cNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFbs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFbs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. by providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFbs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

Federated Learning’s Role in Next-Gen TV Ad Optimization

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computers, Materials & continua 2025年第1期82卷 675-712页

作者： Gabriela Dobrita Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela bâra Department of Economic Informatics and cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010374Romania

In the rapidly evolving landscape of television advertising,optimizing ad schedules to maximize viewer engagement and revenue has become *** methods often operate in silos,limiting the potential insights gained from broader data analysis due to concerns over privacy and data *** article introduces a novel approach that leverages Federated Learning(FL)to enhance TV ad schedule optimization,combining the strengths of local optimization techniques with the power of global Machine Learning(ML)models to uncover actionable insights without compromising data *** combines linear programming for initial ads scheduling optimization with ML—specifically,a K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)model—for predicting ad spot *** into account the diversity and the difficulty of the ad-scheduling problem,we propose a prescriptivepredictive approach in which first the position of the ads is optimized(using Google’s OR-Tools cP-SAT)and then the scheduled position of all ads will be the result of the optimization ***,this output becomes the target of a predictive task that predicts the position of new entries based on their characteristics ensuring the implementation of the scheduling at large scale(using KNN,Light Gradient boosting Machine and Random Forest).Furthermore,we explore the integration of FL to enhance predictive accuracy and strategic insight across different broadcasting networks while preserving data *** FL approach resulted in 8750 ads being precisely matched to their optimal category placements,showcasing an alignment with the intended diversity ***,there was a minimal deviation observed,with 1133 ads positioned within a one-category variance from their ideal placement in the original dataset.

关键词： Ad scheduling prescriptive-predictive approach federated learning KNN

Acquired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and microRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru c.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Medicine–The University of british columbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health ***-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing *** etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental *** stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing *** non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic *** hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing *** these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMbASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science core collection,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical *** red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P Gc-1α),SIRT

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia microRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： brandon c.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(cNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Transport institutions and organisations in the formulation of policies for Australian local area traffic management:A 50-year retrospective

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第5期10卷 866-877页

作者： John black School of civil and Environmental Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

A review of 115 studies on Australian local area traffic management(LATM)schemes covers network planning,computer modelling,overall design considerations,the deployment of various traffic control devices,project evaluation and numerous before and after case ***,no research has been published about the formulation of LATM policies and the processes involved that were formulated during the 1970s and 1980s and aimed at discouraging non-local through traffic in residential areas,improving road safety,and improving environmental amenity through physical *** paper develops a conceptual model of the interactions amongst institutions of government(state and local),organisations(national research institutes and universities),and civil society(the consulting industry,lobby groups and community action groups).The model is implemented through a series of unstructured interviews with key players involved with research and advocacy,capacity building,and state government policy makers that determined:who was responsible for the governance of LATM schemes?What were the respective roles of institutions and organisations in relation to the early formulation of policies and plans,especially issues of authority?Who were the key players in these institutions and organisations?To what extent did external influences of ideas by overseas agents(policy transfer)occur in decision making?A recently implemented LATM scheme(Seven Ways)by Waverley council describes the latest approaches,including community *** conclusions note the importance of a society investing in road research,having universities capable of delivering high-quality professional development programs,and having a consulting industry that is willing to deliver innovative,practical advice to local *** are made about areas for further research.

关键词： Transport policy Policy formulation conceptual model LATM Transport institutions and organisations

Global change in Agricultural Flash Drought over the 21st century

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 209-220,I0002-I0019页

作者： Emily black National centre for Atmospheric Science Fairbairn House71-75 Clarendon RoadLeedsLS29PHU.K Department of Meteorology Brian Hoskins BuildingUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights campusReadingRG66ETU.K.

Agricultural flash droughts are high-impact phenomena, characterized by rapid soil moisture dry down. The ensuing dry conditions can persist for weeks to months, with detrimental effects on natural ecosystems and crop cultivation. Increases in the frequency of these rare events in a future warmer climate would have significant societal impact. This study uses an ensemble of 10 coupled Model Intercomparison Project(cMIP) models to investigate the projected change in agricultural flash drought during the 21st century. comparison across geographical regions and climatic zones indicates that individual events are preceded by anomalously low relative humidity and precipitation, with long-term trends governed by changes in temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. As a result of these processes, the frequency of both upperlevel and root-zone flash drought is projected to more than double in the mid-and high latitudes over the 21st century, with hot spots developing in the temperate regions of Europe, and humid regions of South America, Europe, and southern Africa.

关键词： flash drought climate change soil moisture agricultural drought cMIP

Review of current method to determine outburst threshold limits in Australian underground coal mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第6期29卷 859-865页

作者： Dennis J.black coalGAS Department of civil Mining and Environmental Engineering University of Wollongong

Desorption rate index(DRI)was presented to the Australian underground coal industry in 1995 as a means for determining outburst threshold limits for Australian coal *** is a measure of the gas volume released from a coal sample in the first 30 s of crushing during the Q3 stage of gas content testing,multiplied by the ratio between measured Q3 and *** were identified between QM and DRI for both cO2 and cH4 rich coal samples collected from the bulli Seam at West cliff colliery and that identified relationship was referred to as the bulli Seam *** outburst mining gas content threshold limit values specified for the bulli Seam at that time,when applied to the QM-DRI bulli Seam benchmark,was shown to closely align with a DRI value of 900(DRI900),for both cO2 and cH4 rich seam gas *** Australian coal industry adopted the DRI900 as the basis for determining outburst gas content TLV for Australian coal *** mining experience in Australia has shown that gas content is not the only significant factor that impacts outburst risk,as all significant outburst events have been associated with abnormal geological conditions,such as faults and ***,assessing the potential application of additional outburst risk factors,to accurately define outburst risk zones,set safe mining threshold levels,and determine appropriate mining controls,warrants further *** Australian coal mines have implemented mining procedures enabling mining to continue in areas with gas content greater than the TLV determined using the DRI900 approach,without inducing an *** is a broad lack of understanding among Australian coal mine operators as to the procedure and calculations used to determine ***,there has been growing concern regarding the accuracy and validity of the DRI900 method for determining outburst TLV.A comprehensive set of gas data has been collected from Australian coal seams,including the bulli Seam,and t

关键词： Outburst Desorption rate DRI Threshold limit