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Time-dependent MHD couette flow of rotating fluid with Hall and ion-slip currents

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第4期33卷 399-410页

作者： B.K.jha c.A.APERE Department of Mathematics Ahmadu Bello University

The unsteady magnehydrodynamics （MHD） couette flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a rotating system is investigated by taking the Hall and ion-slip currents into consideration. The derived fundamental equations on the assumption of a small magnetic Reynolds number are solved analytically with the well-known Laplace transform technique. The unified closed-form expressions axe obtained for the velocity and the skin friction in the two different cases of the magnetic field being fixed to either the fluid or the moving plate. The effects of various parameters on the velocity and the skin friction axe discussed by graphs. The results reveal that the primary and secondary velocities increase with the Hall current. An increase in the ion-slip paxameter also leads to an increase in the primary velocity but a decrease in the secondary velocity. It is also shown that the combined effect of the rotation, Hall, and ion-slip parameters determines the contribution of the secondary motion in the fluid flow.

关键词： magnehydrodynamics (MHD) couette flow rotating system Hall andion-slip currents accelerated motion

Biomass production and carbon balance in two hybrid poplar(Populus euramericana)plantations raised with and without agriculture in southern France

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1689-1701页

作者： Kaushalendra Kumar jha UMR Systems Institute Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique2 place Pierre Viala34060 MontpellierFrance Technical Forestry Indian Institute of Forest ManagementBhopalIndia

Poplar is useful in different climates for bioenergy production and carbon sequestration when planted as a single species or in agroforestry. Europe has large areas potentially suitable for poplar forestry and a bioenergy policy that would encourage poplar forestry. In this study I estimated biomass production and carbon sequestration in poplar monoculture plantation and poplar-wheat agroforestry, in the Mediterranean region of France. A single-tree harvesting method was used to estimate biomass and an empirical conversion factor was adopted to calculate sequestered carbon. Total biomass was higher in agroforestry trees(1223 kg tree) than in monoculture plantation trees(1102 kg tree).Aboveground and belowground biomass distributions were similar in both cases(89 and 88% aboveground, and 11 and12% belowground, respectively in agroforestry and monoculture). The partitioning of total biomass in an agroforestry tree in leaves, branch, and trunk(aboveground), and fine roots, medium roots, coarse roots and underground stem(belowground) was 1,22,and 77,and 6,9, 44 and 40%,respectively. Except for branch and trunk, all other compartments were similarly distributed in a monoculture *** of c was higher in agroforestry trees(612 kg tree)than in monoculture trees(512 kg tree). In contrast, c storage on a per hectare basis was lower in agroforestry(85 Mg ha) than in monoculture(105 Mg ha) due to the lower density of trees per hectare in agroforestry(139 trees in agroforestry vs 204 trees in monoculture). On a per hectare basis, soil c stocks pattern were similar to per tree stocking:They were higher in agroforestry at 330 Mg hathan in monoculture 304 Mg ha. Higher c accumulation by agroforestry has a direct management implication in the sense that expanding agroforestry into agriculture production areas with short rotation and fast growing trees like poplar would encourage quicker and greater c sequestration. This could simultaneously fulfil the requirement of bioenergy

关键词： Populus euramericana Wood volume and density Root:shoot ratio Vegetation and soil carbon System efficiency

carbon storage and sequestration rate assessment and allometric model development in young teak plantations of tropical moist deciduous forest, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 589-604页

作者： Kaushalendra Kumar jha Technical Forestry Indian Institute of Forest ManagementPO Box No. 357 Nehru Nagar Bhopal 462 003 MP India

carbon （c） sequestration through plantations is one of the important mitigation measures for rising levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study aimed to assess c stocks and their sequestration rate, and to develop allometric models for estimation of c stocking in age-series young teak （Tectona grandis） planta- tions （1, 5, 11, 18, 24 and 30 years） by using biomass and productivity estimation and regression, respectively. These plantations were raised in tropical moist deciduous forests of Kumaun Himalayan tarai. Total c stocks estimated for these plantations were 1.6, 15.8, 35.4, 39.0, 61.5 and 73.2 Mg ha-1, respectively. Aboveground and belowground c storage in- creased with increasing plantation age; however, the range of their percentage contribution showed little variation （87.8-88.2 and 11.7-12.7 %, respectively）, The rate of c sequestration for these respective plantations was 1.06, 6.95, 5.46, 5.42, 3.39 and 5.37 Mg ha-1 a-1. Forty percent of the aboveground annual storage was retained in the tree while 60 % was released in the form of foliage, twigs, and fruit litter. In the case of total （tree） annual production, 43 % was retained while 57 % was released as litter including root. c stock, c sequestration rate, accumulation ratio （1.4-18.1）, root：shoot c ratio （0.61--0.13） and production efficiency （0.01-0.18） were comparable to some previous reports for other species and forests. These data could be useful in deciding the harvesting age for young teak with respect to c storage and sequestrationrate. Four allometric models using linear regression equations were developed between biomass （twice the c stock） and diameter, girth, and height of the tree at different ages. The diameter model was found more suitable for c stock predic- tion in similar areas.

关键词： Age series Biomass carbon budget DBH Productivity Production ratios Regression equations -Tectona grandis

Reliability Growth Modeling and Optimal Release Policy Under Fuzzy Environment of an N-version Programming System Incorporating the Effect of Fault Removal Efficiency

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第4期4卷 369-379页

作者： P.K.Kapur Anshu Gupta P.c.jha Department of Operational Research University of DelhiDelhi-110007India

Failure of a safety critical system can lead to big losses. Very high software reliability is required for automating the working of systems such as aircraft controller and nuclear reactor controller software systems. Fault-tolerant softwares are used to increase the overall reliability of software systems. Fault tolerance is achieved using the fault-tolerant schemes such as fault recovery （recovery block scheme）, fault masking （N-version programming （NVP）） or a combination of both （Hybrid scheme）. These softwares incorporate the ability of system survival even on a failure. Many researchers in the field of software engineering have done excellent work to study the reliability of fault-tolerant systems. Most of them consider the stable system reliability. Few attempts have been made in reliability modeling to study the reliability growth for an NVP system. Recently, a model was proposed to analyze the reliability growth of an NVP system incorporating the effect of fault removal efficiency. In this model, a proportion of the number of failures is assumed to be a measure of fault generation while an appropriate measure of fault generation should be the proportion of faults removed. In this paper, we first propose a testing efficiency model incorporating the effect of imperfect fault debugging and error generation. Using this model, a software reliability growth model （SRGM） is developed to model the reliability growth of an NVP system. The proposed model is useful for practical applications and can provide the measures of debugging effectiveness and additional workload or skilled professional required. It is very important for a developer to determine the optimal release time of the software to improve its performance in terms of competition and cost. In this paper, we also formulate the optimal software release time problem for a 3VP system under fuzzy environment and discuss a the fuzzy optimization technique for solving the problem with a numerical illustration.

关键词： Fault tolerant software reliability growth model release time fuzzy optimization.

A comprehensive analysis of the role of molecular docking in the development of anticancer agents against the cell cycle cDK enzyme

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BIOcELL 2023年第4期47卷 707-729页

作者： PRIYANKA SOLANKI NISARG RANA PRAKASH c.jha ANU MANHAS Department of chemistry Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagar382426India School of Applied Material Sciences Central University of GujaratGandhinagar382030India

cancer is considered one of the most lethal diseases responsible for causing deaths *** there have been many breakthroughs in anticancer development,cancer remains the major cause of death *** this regard,targeting cancer-causing enzymes is one of the efficient therapeutic *** functions like cell cycle,transcription,metabolism,apoptosis,and other depend primarily on cyclin-dependent kinases(cDKs).These enzymes help in the replication of DNA in the normal cell cycle process,and deregulation in the functioning of any cDK can cause abnormal cell growth,which leads to *** review is focused on anticancer drug discovery against cell cycle cDK enzyme using an in silico technique,i.e.,molecular docking *** docking helps in deciphering the key interactions formed within the inhibitor and the respective *** concise study provides an overview of the most current in silico research advancements made in the field of anticancer drug *** findings presented in the current review article can help in understanding the nature of inhibitor-target interactions and provide information on the structural and molecular prerequisites for the inhibition of cell cycle cDKs.

关键词： cDKs cancer Molecular docking

Sulfide oxidation in fluidized bed bioreactor using nylon support material

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 512-519页

作者： Varsha Midha M K jha Apurba Dey Department of chemical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyJalandhar 144011India Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology DurgapurIndia

A continuous fluidized bed bioreactor （FBBR） with nylon support particles was used to treat synthetic sulfide wastewater at different hydraulic retention time of 25, 50 and 75 min and upflow velocity of 14, 17 and 20 m/hr. The effects of upflow velocity, hydraulic retention time and reactor operation time on sulfide oxidation rate were studied using statistical model. Mixed culture obtained from the activated sludge, taken from tannery effluent treatment plant, was used as a source for microorganisms. The diameter and density of the nylon particles were 2-3 mm and 1140 kg/m3, respectively. Experiments were carried out in the reactor at a temperature of （30 ± 2）°c, at a fixed bed height of 16 cm after the formation of biofilm on the surface of support particles. Biofilm thickness reached （42 ± 3） μm after 15 days from reactor start-up. The sulfide oxidation, sulfate and sulfur formation is examined at all hydraulic retention times and upflow velocities. The results indicated that almost 90%-92% sulfide oxidation was achieved at all hydraulic retention times. Statistical model could explain 94% of the variability and analysis of variance showed that upflow velocity and hydraulic retention time slightly affected the sulfide oxidation rate. The highest sulfide oxidation of 92% with 70% sulfur was obtained at hydraulic retention time of 75 min and upflow velocity of 14 m/hr.

关键词： biofilm fluidized bed bioreactor mixed culture sulfide oxidation

Habitat Range of two Alpine Medicinal Plants in a Trans-Himalayan Dry Valley,central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 66-77页

作者： Bharat Babu SHRESTHA Pramod Kumar jha central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （Oc）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （c/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil Oc is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The c/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be

关键词： Aconitum naviculare Neopicrorhizascrophulariiflora habitat degradation nitrogen organic carbon radiation Manang Nepal

Effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose and xylotriose on plasma immunoglobulin, cecal metabolites production, microbial ecology, and metabolic pathways in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1578-1589页

作者： Razib Das Pravin Mishra Birendra Mishra Rajesh jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Dietary supplementation of xylooligosac charides(XOS) has been found to influence gut health by manipulating cecal microbiota and producing microbe-origin *** no study investigated and compared the effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose(XOS2) and xy lotriose(XOS3) in *** study investigated the effect of in ovo feeding of these XOS compounds on post-hatch gut health parameters in chickens.A total of 144 fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups:a) non-injected control(cON),b) XOS2,and c) *** the 17^(th) embryonic day,the eggs of the XOS2 and XOS3 groups were injected with 3 mg of XOS2 and XOS3 diluted in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline through the amniotic *** hatching,the chicks were raised for 21 *** was collected on d 14 to measure plasma *** digests were collected for measuring short-chain fatty acids(ScFA) on d 14 and 21,and for microbial ecology and microbial metabolic pathway analyses on d 7 and *** The results were considered significantly different at Pchickens,revealing no differences among the *** chromatography results showed no significant differences in the concentrations of cecal ScFAs on d 14 but significant differences on d ***;the ScFA concentrations were lower in the XOS3 than in the cON group on d *** cecal metagenomics data showed that the abundance of the family clostridiaceae significantly decreased on d 7,and the abundance of the family Oscillospiraceae increased on d 21 in the XOS2 compared to the *** was a reduction in the relative abundance of genus clostridium sense stricto 1 in the XOS2 compared to the cON on d 7 and the genus Ruminococcus,torques in both XOS2 and XOS3 groups compared to the cON on d *** XOS2 and XOS3 groups reduced the genes for chondroitin sulfate degradation Ⅰ and L-histidine degradation Ⅰpathways,which contribute to improved gut health,respectivelyc in the micr

关键词： Broiler In ovo Metagenomics Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides

Separation and recovery of critical metal ions using ionic liquids

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Advances in Manufacturing 2016年第1期4卷 33-46页

作者： Terence Makanyire Sergio Sanchez-Segado Animesh jha Institute for Materials Research University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT UK

Separation and purification of critical metal ions such as rare-earth elements （REEs）, scandium and niobium from their minerals is difficult and often deter- mines if extraction is economically and environmentally feasible. Solvent extraction is a commonly used metal-ion separation process, usually favored because of its sim- plicity, speed and wide scope, which is why it is often employed for separating trace metals from their minerals. However, the types of solvents widely used for the recovery of metal ions have adverse environmental impact. Alternatives to solvent extraction have been explored and advances in separation technologies have shown commer- cial establishment of liquid membranes as an alternative to conventional solvent extraction for the recovery of metals and other valuable materials. Liquid membrane transport incorporates solvent extraction and membrane separation in one continuously operating system. Both methods con- ventionally use solvents that are harmful to the environ- ment, however, the introduction of ionic liquids （ILs） over the last decade is set to minimize the environmental impact of both solvent extraction and liquid membrane separation processes. ILs are a family of organic molten salts with low or negligible vapour pressure which may be formed below 100 ~c. Such liquids are also highly thermally stable and less toxic. Their ionic structure makes them thermody- namically favorable solvents for the extraction of metallic ions. The main aim of this article is to review the current achievements in the separation of REE, scandium, niobium and vanadium from their minerals, using ILs in eithersolvent extraction or liquid membrane processes. The mechanism of separation using ILs is discussed and the engineering constraints to their application are identified.

关键词： critical metals Ionic liquids (ILs) -Niobium Tantalum Rare-earth elements (REEs)Vanadium Scandium