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cold plasma redistribution throughout geospace

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2016年第9期59卷 1340-1345页

作者： foster John c. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory

The redistribution of the electrically charged cold plasma of ionospheric origin involves the equatorial,low,mid,auroral,and polar-latitude regions in a multi-step,system-wide process linking the regions of *** with ground and space-based instruments characterize the geospace plume-regularly occurring channels of enhanced plasma density flowing at both ionospheric and magnetospheric *** in the SAPS channel transports the eroded material to the noontime cusp in the ionosphere and to the dayside magnetopause at high *** the fluxes of cold plume plasma traverse the cusp and enter the polar cap,they form the polar tongue of *** the cusp the plume plasma provides a rich source of heavy ions for the magnetospheric injection and acceleration via the mechanisms operative on those field lines.

关键词： plasmasphere ionosphere geospace GPS TEc ionospheric electric field plume

Kingfisher Attacks the china Market

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Frontiers of Business Research in china 2012年第1期6卷 156-168页

作者： M J foster c S Tseng Kingston Business School Kingston Upon Thames KT2 7LB UK Department of Marketing City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

This article examines the entry to the chinese market of Kingfisher plc under its B＆Q brand, operating in the DIY or home improvement market. It is a pedagogically oriented case in the international strategy area, which deals with both the mode of market development by the company in china and some of the softer issues arising from that process relating to HR in the company and the inevitable cultural challenges it faced. The story begins in the mid-1990s and goes through to the early summer of 2010. On the one hand, the entry has been successful： B＆Q is now a significant presence in china, holding number one position in their chosen market, which is primarily highly fragmented; there is some concentration in four key cities in the wealthy east coast region; and it has made profits over a fair portion over the last decade. Lessons were learned from the initial mistakes and the core sales proposition in china has been crafted to differ from that in the original UK home base. However, for the last three completed financial years, losses have been booked and significant changes have been made or were planned at the time of writing. Some changes were inevitable, but which were they （other than those where the chinese government changed its rules）？

关键词： Multinational corporation (MNc) retailing do-it-yourself (DIY) china regulation market development

Tiny insects against the weather flight and foraging patterns of Frankliniella schultzei (Thripidae) not altered by onset of rainfall

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1119-1127页

作者： Lachlan c.Jones Brodie J.foster Michelle A.Rafter Gimme H.Walter School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustrafia

To survive in nature,organisms may need to take direct action to mitigate specific dangers from their environmental *** flying insects are thought to be at particular risk from rainfall that would be of negligible concern to larger *** study species Frankliniella schultzei is a thrips that inhabits flowers and feeds mostly on petal tissue and *** found to respond in the laboratory to decreases in atmospheric pressure associated with cyclonic conditions (rather than merely heavy rainfall),their responses to conditions preceding rainfall have not been tested in the *** field sampling investigated the relationship between floral development and sites at which male,female,and larval thrips were generally present on sunny *** then designed a sampling strategy to test if these thrips can anticipate imminent rainfall or storms and so seek shelter deep within flowers,by sampling host flowers (in sections)on multiple days with different weather *** traps were used to intercept thrips in flight,thus providing a measure of flight behavior across different *** initial sampling found adult thrips primarily at the petal apex of anthesis-stage flowers where pollen is distributed. We subsequently found that rainfall,atmospheric pressure change,temperature,humidity and wind had no effect on flight behavior of E schultzei,or on their positions within *** findings suggest rainfall is not a serious hazard for *** thrips can survive raindrop collisions during flight,as impacts with water droplets are not expected to break the surface tension.

关键词： barometric pressure Frankliniella schultzei Malvaviscus arboreus rainfall shelter thrips

Smaller and bolder prey snails have higher survival in staged encounters with the sea star Pisaster giganteus

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current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 633-638页

作者： William c. foster connor M. ARMSTRONG Gregory T. cHISM Jonathan N. PRUITT Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA93180 USA

Temporally consistent individual differences in behavior, also known as animal personality, can have large impacts on individual fitness. Here, we explore the degree to which individual differences in anti-predator response （or boldness） influence survival rates in groups of snails chlorostoma funebralis when they encounter a predatory sea star Pisaster giganteus. The snail c. funebralis shows consistent individual variation in predator response where some fearful snails actively flee bodies of water occupied by predators whereas bolder snails consistently do not. We show here that bold snails are significantly more likely to survive encounters with a predatory sea star and, somewhat counterintuitively, fearful snails actually suffer higher mortality rates. We also found that smaller snails and those occurring at higher experimental densities experienced higher per capita survival rates. Positive effects of prey boldness on survival are not uncommonly reported in the animal personality literature; however, such results are inconsistent with classic animal personality theory borrowed from the optimal foraging literature. The findings herein add to the growing body of evidence that consistent individual differences in behavior can impact predator-prey interactions and that boldness is potentially under positive predator-driven selection in some systems.

关键词： behavioral syndrome behavioral type predation risk personality survival selection temperament.

Observations of the step-like accelerating processes of cold ions in the reconnection layer at the dayside magnetopause

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Science Bulletin 2018年第1期63卷 31-37页

作者： Qinghe Zhang Michael Lockwood John c.foster Qiugang Zong Malcolm W.Dunlop Shunrong Zhang Joran Moen Beichen Zhang Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReading RG6 6BBUK MIT Haystack Observatory WestfordMA 01886USA School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100087China Space Sciences Division SSTDRutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX11 OQXUK Department of Physics University of OsloBlindern 0316OsloNorway SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 200136China

cold ions of plasmaspheric origin have been observed to abundantly appear in the magnetospheric side of the Earth's magnetopause. These cold ions could affect the magnetic reconnection processes at the magnetopause by changing the Alfvén velocity and the reconnection rate, while they could also be heated in the reconnection layer during the ongoing reconnections. We report in situ observations from a partially crossing of a reconnection layer near the subsolar magnetopause. During this crossing, step-like accelerating processes of the cold ions were clearly observed, suggesting that the inflow cold ions may be separately accelerated by the rotation discontinuity and slow shock inside the reconnection layer.

关键词： cold ions Magnetic reconnection Ion accelerations Magnetopause

组织研究中的网络范式:文献综述和一个分类框架

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管理世界 2011年第8期27卷 155-165页

作者： stephen P.Borgatti Pacey c.foster 任博华董春艳 Department of Organization Studies Carroll School of Management 东北财经大学工商管理学院

在这篇文章中,我们综述并分析了组织研究中新兴的网络范式。首先,我们围绕着现有的研究领域组织文献,对近期研究成果进行了常规的综述。然后,我们对这些研究进行分析,建立了一组区别网络研究的维度,包括因果关系的方向、分析的层次、解... 详细信息

在这篇文章中,我们综述并分析了组织研究中新兴的网络范式。首先,我们围绕着现有的研究领域组织文献,对近期研究成果进行了常规的综述。然后,我们对这些研究进行分析,建立了一组区别网络研究的维度,包括因果关系的方向、分析的层次、解释目标和解释机制。在此基础上,我们用后两个维度建立了一个2×2的表格,把网络结果研究交叉分类成4个典型:结构性社会资本,资源的社会可得性,蔓延和环境塑造。我们注意到,与网络领域的传统研究相比,越来越多的研究更关注于对主体的理解。

关键词：网络范式文献综述分类框架组织两个维度社会资本研究成果因果关系

Attention sports fans! The far-reaching contributions of bud sport mutants to horticulture and plant biology

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 447-459页

作者： Toshi M.foster Maria JoséAranzana The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 11600Palmerston North4474New Zealand IRTA(Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries) BarcelonaSpain centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(cRAG)cSIc-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UABBellaterraBarcelonaSpain

A bud sport is a lateral shoot,inflorescence or single flower/fruit with a visibly different phenotype from the rest of the *** new phenotype is often caused by a stable somatic mutation in a single cell that is passed on to its clonal descendants and eventually populates part or all of a *** many cases,a bud sport can be vegetatively propagated,thereby preserving the novel phenotype without sexual *** sports provide new characteristics while retaining the desirable qualities of the parent plant,which is why many bud sports have been developed into popular *** present an overview of the history of bud sports,the causes and methods of detecting somaclonal variation,and the types of mutant phenotypes that have arisen *** focus on examples where the molecular or cytological changes causing the phenotype have been *** of these sports has provided valuable insight into developmental processes,gene function and regulation,and in some cases has revealed new information about layer-specific roles of some *** of the molecular changes causing a phenotype and in some cases reversion back to the original state has contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms that drive genomic evolution.

关键词： culture eventually sports

Historical trends of degradation,loss,and recovery in the tropical forest reserves of Ghana

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 30-51页

作者： Michael c.Wimberly Francis K.Dwomoh Izaya Numata foster Mensah Jacob Amoako Dawn M.Nekorchuk Andrea McMahon Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of OklahomaNormanOKUSA Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSDUSA centre for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Services University of GhanaAccraGhana The Forestry commission of Ghana AccraGhana

The Upper Guinean Forest region of West Africa,a globally significant biodiversity hotspot,is among the driest and most human-impacted tropical *** used Landsat to study forest degradation,loss,and recovery in the forest reserves of Ghana from 2003 to *** canopy cover maps were generated using random forests and results were temporally segmented using the LandTrendr *** cover was predicted with a predicted-observed r2 of 0.76,mean absolute error of 12.8%,and mean error of 1.3%.Forest degradation,loss,and recovery were identified as transitions between closed(>60%cover),open(15–60%cover)and low tree cover(cover)*** was relatively slow from 2003 to 2015,but there was more disturbance than recovery resulting in a gradual decline in closed canopy *** 2016,widespread fires associated with El Niño drought caused forest loss and degradation across more than 12%of the moist semi-deciduous and upland evergreen forest *** workflow was implemented in Google Earth Engine,allowing stakeholders to visualize the results and download *** about historical disturbances will help to prioritize locations for future studies and target forest protection and restoration activities aimed at increasing resilience.

关键词： Landsat random forests machine learning time series LandTrendr drought wildfire

Establishment of trauma registry at Queen Elizabeth central Hospital(QEcH), Blantyre, Malawi and mapping of high risk geographic areas for trauma

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 33-41页

作者： Linda c.chokotho Wakisa Mulwafu Mulinda Nyirenda foster J.Mbomuwa Hemant G.Pandit Grace Le christopher Lavy Beit cure International Hospital Department of Surgery College of Medicine University of Malawi Adult Emergency and Trauma center Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Ministry of Health chapel Allerton Hospital University of Leeds Nuff ield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford

BAcKGROUND: Less attention is directed toward gaining a better understanding of the burden and prevention of injuries, in low and middle income countries(LMIcs). We report the establishment of a trauma registry at the Adult Emergency and Trauma centre(AETc) at Queen Elizabeth central Hospital(QEcH) in Blantyre, Malawi and identify high risk geographic areas. METHODS: We devised a paper based two-page trauma registry form. Ten data clerks and all AETc clinicians were trained to complete demographic and clinical details respectively. Descriptive data, regression and hotspot analyses were done using STATA 15 statistical package and ArcGIS(16) software ***: There were 3,747 patients from May 2013 to May 2015. The most common mechanisms of injury were assault(38.2%), and road traffi c injuries(31.6%). The majority had soft tissue injury(53.1%), while 23.8% had no diagnosis indicated. Fractures(OR 19.94 [15.34–25.93]), head injury and internal organ injury(OR 29.5 [16.29–53.4]), and use of ambulance(OR 1.57 [1.06–2.33]) were found to be predictive of increased odds of being admitted to hospital while assault(OR 0.69 [0.52–0.91]) was found to be associated with less odds of being admitted to hospital. Hot spot analysis showed that at 99% confidence interval, Ndirande, Mbayani and Limbe were the top hot spots for injury occurrence. cONcLUSION: We have described the process of establishing an integrated and potentially sustainable trauma registry. Signifi cant data were captured to provide details on the epidemiology of trauma and insight on how care could be improved at AETc and surrounding health facilities. This approach may be relevant in similar poor resource settings.

关键词： Trauma Registry Adult injuries Hot spot analysis Low and middle income countries