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Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2031-2043页

作者： Sai Zhang Juan c.Marini Vengai Mavangira Andrew claude Julie Moore Mahmoud A.Mohammad Nathalie l.Trottier Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA State Key laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640PR China USDA/ARS children’s Nutrition Research center and Pediatric critical care Medicine Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of large Animal clinical Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Present address:Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityFrank Morrison Hall507 Tower RoadIthacaNY 14853‑4801USA

Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(cP)diet with crystalline amino acids(cAA)supplementation improves lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein *** lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):control(cON;19.24%cP)and reduced cP with“optimal”AA profile(OPT;14.00%cP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on d 1,14,18,and 21 of *** d 14 and 18,a subset of 9 sows(cON=4,OPT=5)was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injection)and[13c]bicarbonate(priming dose)first,then a constant 2-h[13c]bicarbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed constant[1-13c]lysine *** blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk lys enrichment,lys oxidation rate,whole body protein turnover,and muscle protein *** Over the 21-d lactation period,compared to cON,sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(Pcompared to cON,sows fed OPT had greater efficiency of lys(Plys mammary flux(Ple-body protein turnover efficiency(Pcompared to cON,sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P=0.069).Muscle protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and cON(P=0.197).conclusion Feeding an improved AA balance diet increased efficiency of lys and reduced whole-body protein turnover and protein *** results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lactating sows fed improved AA balance diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown.

关键词： Amino acid Efficiency lactating sows Protein breakdown Protein turnover Reduced protein diet

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Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon c.Smith Jessica l.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(cNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

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In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest Jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal colton l.Gattis Jeffrey c.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TcSPc)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VMl)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TcSPc has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

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Empirical model for fusion cross sections of ca-induced reactions

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chinese Physics c 2024年第3期48卷 126-132页

作者： Reddi Rani.l N.Sowmya K.N Sridhar H c.Manjunatha M.M.Armstrong Arasu Department of Physics St.Joseph's College(Autonomous)Affiliated to Bharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620002TNIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeChikkaballapur-562101KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeMalur-563160KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Govt.First.Grade CollegeDevanahalli-562110KarnatakaIndia

A new empirical formula for the astrophysical S-factor has been suggested as a function of the coulomb interaction parameter,center of mass energy,and barrier *** 22 fusion reactions with ^(40,48)ca as projectiles were considered for different targets,leading to compound nuclei with atomic and mass numbers varying between 40≤Z≤≤Z≤112 and 88≤A≤27888≤A≤278,*** fusion cross-sections have been estimated using the geometric factor,the Gamow-Sommerfield factor,and the empirical formula for the *** study's findings showed better agreement with those of available experiments when compared to Wong's *** present work leads to a smaller standard deviation value than Wong's formula when used to correlate the experimental data of calcium-induced fusion ***'s formula provides a good approximation of fusion cross-sections when the center of mass energy is below the fusion barrier when compared to above the fusion barrier.

关键词： fusion cross-sections Wong formula Gamow-Sommerfield-factor Geometric-factor S-factor

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A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 277-291页

作者： I.A.O.Beeren G.Dos Santos P.J.Dijkstra c.Mota J.Bauer H.Ferreira Rui l.Reis N.Neves S.camarero-Espinosa M.B.Baker l.Moroni Department of complex Tissue Regeneration MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ER MaastrichtThe Netherlands 3B’s Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal IcVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal POlYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

Melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing(ME-AM)is a promising technique to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engi-neering ***,most synthetic semicrystalline polymers do not possess the intrinsic biological activity required to control cell *** of biomolecules on polymeric surfaces of AM scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of a construct;however,there are limited strategies available to control the surface ***,we report a strategy to tune the surface density of bioactive groups by blending a low molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone)5k(Pcl5k)containing orthogonally reactive azide groups with an unfunctionalized high molecular weight Pcl75k at different *** porous three-dimensional(3D)scaf-folds were then fabricated using a high weight percentage(75 wt.%)of the low molecular weight Pcl *** a proof-of-concept test,we prepared films of three different mass ratios of low and high molecular weight polymers with a thermopress and reacted with an alkynated fluorescent model compound on the surface,yielding a density of 201-561 pmol/cm^(2).Subsequently,a bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)-derived peptide was grafted onto the films comprising different blend compositions,and the effect of peptide surface density on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells(hMScs)was *** two weeks of culturing in a basic medium,cells expressed higher levels of BMP receptor II(BMPRII)on films with the conjugated *** addition,we found that alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly enhanced on films contain-ing the highest peptide density(i.e.,561 pmol/cm^(2)),indicating the importance of the surface *** together,these results emphasize that the density of surface peptides on cell differentiation must be considered at the cell-material ***,we have presented a viable strategy for ME-AM community that desires to tune the bulk and surface functionality via blending of(m

关键词： Additive manufacturing Blending Surface functionalization Surface density click chemistry Human

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Blood metal concentrations and cardiac structure and function in total joint arthroplasty patients

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 773-782页

作者： Peter c Brennan Stephanie M Peterson Thomas J O'Byrne Mariana l laporta cody c Wyles Paul J Jannetto Garvan c Kane Maria Vassilaki Hilal Maradit Kremers Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BAcKGROUND There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TJA *** The study comprised 110 TJA patients who had a recent history of high chromium,cobalt or titanium *** underwent two-dimensional,three-dimensional,Doppler and speckle-strain transthoracic echocardiography and a blood draw to measure metal *** and sex-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of metal concentrations(exposure)with echocardiographic measures(outcome).RESUlTS Higher cobalt concentrations were associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(estimate 5.09;95%cI:0.02-10.17)as well as left atrial and right ventricular dilation,particularly in men but no changes in cardiac *** titanium concentrations were associated with a reduction in left ventricle global longitudinal strain(estimate 0.38;95%cI:0.70 to 0.06)and cardiac index(estimate 0.08;95%cI,-0.15 to-0.01).cONclUSION Elevated cobalt and titanium concentrations may be associated with structural and functional cardiac changes in some *** studies are warranted to better understand the systemic effects of metals in TJA patients.

关键词： Total joint arthroplasty Metal-on-metal cardiotoxicity Heart failure Echocardiography cobalt

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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery l.SUNI Giovana P.VADIllO césar ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA letty SAlINAS M.Estela PONcE Paul M.RAMSAY Plant Physiology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

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On calculating glacial isostatic adjustment

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 441-452页

作者： l.M.cathles cornell University IthacaNY 14853USA

Modeling the earth's fluid and elastic response to the melting of the glaciers of the last ice age is the most direct way to infer the earth's radial viscosity ***,we compare two methods for calculating the viscoelastic response to surface *** one,the elastic equation of motion is converted to a viscoelastic equation using the correspondence *** the other,elastic deformation is added to the viscous flow as isostatic adjustment *** two modeling methods predict adjustment histories that are different enough to potentially impact the interpretation of the observed glacial isostatic adjustment(GIA).The differences arise from buoyancy and whether fluid displacements are subjected to hydrostatic *** methods agree if they use the same equations and boundary *** origin of the differences is determined by varying the boundary conditions and pre-stress application.

关键词： Glacial isostatic adjustment Viscoelastic normal modes Hydrostatic pre-stress Elastic buoyancy correspondence principle

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Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(linum l.)

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Oil crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon J. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko G. Adam Mott Jason c.l. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 *** proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple *** differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular *** present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(linum l.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged *** chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our *** predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to *** levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using *** chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as *** plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,ch

关键词： Ageing life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

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