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In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal colton L.Gattis jeffrey c.Wolchok Timothy j.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TcSPc)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TcSPc has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

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Uncovering the hierarchical clusters in the heat-affected zone of an electron beam weldedα/βtitanium alloy joint

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第7期174卷 120-132页

作者： c.Xu X.H.Shao H.j.Yang M.Lv H.Q.Liu X.L.Ma Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Suzhou laboratory Suzhou 215028China Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395Japan Bay Area center for Electron Microscopy Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguan 523808China

Using high-resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction(TKD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),we examined the hierarchical clusters that form in situ in the heat-affected zone(HAZ),which are com-monly referred to as“ghost”structures,of bimodal titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4cr(wt%,Tc17).The ghost structures are enriched with Al elements but poor in Mo and cr compared to the surroundingβ*** results show that the ghost structure in middle-HAZ mainly consists ofα_(L)laths with a high-angle grain boundary,which exhibits the classic Burgers orientation relationship(BOR)with the host matrix,while it encircles theα_(P)grains in *** the ghost structure is evidenced to form via in-complete martensitic *** results further confirm that the ghost structure is composed ofαL and tinyβ_(L)laths with BOR,with the former being enriched with Al and poor with cr and Mo,while the latter is the ***,twoα_(L)variant clusters with a check-mark morphology are fre-quently observed viewed along[0001]_(αL)//[110]_(βL)directions,which are dominated by the crystallographic and geometrical relationships betweenαandβ*** on the microstructural characterization,it is hypothesized that the ghost structure is transformed from the initialα_(P)phase,due to the coupling ef-fect of high thermal stress(which induces the formation of a large number of dislocations)and element diffusion caused by sudden temperature increase and plunge cooling in the HAZ during the welding pro-cess.

关键词： Tc17 titanium alloy Electron beam welding(EBW) The ghost structure Transmission Kikuchi diffraction(TKD) Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)

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Tailoring local structures of atomically dispersed copper sites for highly selective cO_(2) electroreduction

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carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 79-90页

作者： Kyung‐jong Noh Byoung joon Park Ying Wang Yejung choi Sang‐Hoon You Yong‐Tae Kim Kug‐Seung Lee jeong Woo Han Department of chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbukRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbukRepublic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Beamline DivisionPohangGyeongbukRepublic of Korea

Atomically‐dispersed copper sites coordinated with nitrogen‐doped carbon(cu–N–c)can provide novel possibilities to enable highly selective and active electrochemical cO_(2) reduction ***,the construction of optimal local electronic structures for nitrogen‐coordinated cu sites(cu–N_(4))on carbon remains ***,we synthesized the cu–N–c catalysts with atomically‐dispersed edge‐hosted cu–N_(4) sites(cu–N_(4)c_(8))located in a micropore between two graphitic sheets via a facile method to control the concentration of metal ***‐hosted cu–N_(4)c_(8) catalysts outperformed the previously reported M–N–c catalysts for cO_(2)‐to‐cO conversion,achieving a maximum cO Faradaic efficiency(FEcO)of 96%,a cO current density of–8.97 mA cm^(–2) at–0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),and over FEcO of 90%from–0.6 to–1.0 V versus *** studies revealed that the micropore of the graphitic layer in edge‐hosted cu–N_(4)c_(8) sites causes the d‐orbital energy level of the cu atom to shift upward,which in return decreases the occupancy of antibonding states in the*cOOH *** research suggests new insights into tailoring the locally coordinated structure of the electrocatalyst at the atomic scale to achieve highly selective electrocatalytic reactions.

关键词： atomic local structure density functional theory electrochemical cO_(2)reduction metal nitrogen‐doped carbon single‐atom catalyst

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计算超导螺线管磁体中电磁应力的解析方法

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第4期40卷 4-20页

作者： jeonghwan Park Kibum choi Yufan Yan jaemin Kim Seungyong Hahn Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea Applied Superconductivity center and Electric Power Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea

在高场磁体中,压缩磁径向应力比拉伸应力更受青睐,原因是它能降低磁体绕组内的整体峰值磁应力.这对于无绝缘高温超导(NI HTS)磁体尤为重要,因为压缩径向应力能够产生良好的匝间接触,这对于无绝缘高温超导线圈中的电流共享以及随之而来... 详细信息

在高场磁体中,压缩磁径向应力比拉伸应力更受青睐,原因是它能降低磁体绕组内的整体峰值磁应力.这对于无绝缘高温超导(NI HTS)磁体尤为重要,因为压缩径向应力能够产生良好的匝间接触,这对于无绝缘高温超导线圈中的电流共享以及随之而来的自保护行为至关重要.根据关键磁体设计参数(如目标中心场、背景磁场、内外绕组直径和外部径向堆叠),我们给出了可以从解析上确定高场超导磁体具有压缩径向应力的电磁-力学条件.本文提出的方法可以识别干绕线圈中径向匝间接触行为的3种不同模式:(1)完全分离;(2)完全接触;以及(3)混合模式(即部分分离和接触).文章随后提出一种使用完全压缩径向应力电磁-力学条件来计算干绕线圈中应力分布的解析方法.并通过有限元分析示例验证了解析方法与数值方法的良好一致性.文章结果可以帮助磁体工程师在早期设计阶段更好地概览高场超导磁体的电磁-力学行为.

关键词：高温超导背景磁场径向应力力学条件拉伸应力匝间接触行为混合模式

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The ccD instrument background of the SMILE SXI

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 15-24页

作者： M.W.j.Hubbard O.Hetherington D.j.Hall T.W.Buggey S.Parsons T.Arnold A.Holland c.Pagani S.Sembay centre for Electronic Imaging The Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group Department of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLE17RHUK

The ESA and cAS SMILE mission orbit is highly elliptical and will pass through multiple radiation *** Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instrument aboard has a radiation shutter door designed to close when the surrounding radiation flux is *** shutter door will close when passing below an altitude threshold to protect against trapped particles in the Earth’s Van Allen ***,two radiation environments can be approximated based on the shutter door position:open and *** instrument background for the ccDs(charge-coupled Devices)that form the focal plane array of the SXI were evaluated for the two *** to the correlation of the space environment with the solar cycle,the solar minima and maxima,the background was also evaluated at these two *** results demonstrated that the highest instrument background will occur during solar minima due to the main contributing source being Galactic cosmic Rays(GcRs).It was also found that the open background was highest for solar minima and that the closed background was highest during solar *** is due to the radiation shutter door acting as a scattering centre and the changes in the energy flux distribution of the GcRs between the two solar extremes.

关键词： instrument background X-ray astronomy space radiation

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Adiponectin restores the obesity-induced impaired immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stromal cells via glycolytic reprogramming

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 273-291页

作者： Duc-Vinh Pham Thi-Kem Nguyen Bao-Loc Nguyen jong-Oh Kim jee-Heon jeong Inho choi Pil-Hoon Park Department of Pharmacology Hanoi University of PharmacyHanoi 100000Viet Nam college of Pharmacy Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Department of Medical Biotechnology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Research Institute of cell culture Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Department of Precision Medicine School of MedicineSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Obesity has been known to negatively modulate the life-span and immunosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSc).However,it remains unclear what drives the compromised potency of obese *** this study,we examined the involvement of adiponectin,an adipose tissuederived hormone,in obesity-induced impaired therapeutic function of ***-induced obesity leads to a decrease in serum adiponectin,accompanied by impairment of survival and immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived MSc(ADSc).Interestingly,priming with globular adiponectin(gAcrp)improved the immunomodulatory potential of obese *** effects were also observed in lean *** addition,gAcrp potentiated the therapeutic effectiveness of ADSc in a mouse model of DSS-induced ***,while obesity inhibited the glycolytic capacity of MSc,gAcrp treatment induced a metabolic shift toward glycolysis through activation of adiponectin receptor type 1/p38 MAPK/hypoxia inducible factor-1a *** findings suggest that activation of adiponectin signaling is a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSc against immune-mediated disorders.

关键词： Adiponectin Adipose-derived stromal cells colitis Glycolytic induction HIF1a Immunomodulation Mesenchymal stromal cells Obesity

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Unraveling the Harmonious coexistence of Ruthenium States on a Self-Standing Electrode for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 303-311页

作者： joonhee Ma jin Hyuk cho chaehyeon Lee Moon Sung Kang Sungkyun choi Ho Won jang Sang Hyun Ahn Seoin Back Soo Young Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Korea Department of chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Institute of Emergent MaterialsSogang UniversitySeoul 04107Korea Department of cogno-Mechatronics Engineering College of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyPusan National UniversityBusan 46241Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced MaterialsSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea School of chemical Engineering and Material Science Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea

The development of cost-effective,highly efficient,and durable electrocatalysts has been a paramount pursuit for advancing the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Herein,a simplified synthesis protocol was designed to achieve a self-standing electrode,composed of activated carbon paper embedded with Ru single-atom catalysts and Ru nanoclusters(AcP/Ru_(SAc+c))via acid activation,immersion,and high-temperature *** initio molecular dynamics(AIMD)calculations are employed to gain a more profound understanding of the impact of acid activation on carbon ***,the coexistence states of the Ru atoms are confirmed via aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(Ac-STEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS).Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that introducing a Ru single-atom site adjacent to the Ru nanoclusters induces a synergistic effect,tuning the electronic structure and thereby significantly enhancing their catalytic ***,the AcP/Ru_(SAc+c)exhibits a remarkable turnover frequency(TOF)of 18 s^(−1)and an exceptional mass activity(MA)of 2.2 A mg^(−1),surpassing the performance of conventional Pt *** self-standing electrode,featuring harmoniously coexisting Ru states,stands out as a prospective choice for advancing HER catalysts,enhancing energy efficiency,productivity,and selectivity.

关键词： electrocatalysis electronic coupling effect hydrogen evolution reaction selfstanding electrode

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Right or left hepatectomy: a continuing question in the era of pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 718-720页

作者： Suk Kyun Hong YoungRok choi Nam-joon Yi Kwang-Woong Lee Kyung-Suk Suh Department of Surgery Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea

We read with great interest the article by Fujiki et *** in the Annals of Surgery(1),which advocates for the use of a left liver graft with a pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy(PLDH)approach to reduce the burden on living *** invasive techniques,including laparoscopic surgery,have been increasingly adopted in donor hepatectomy for liver *** reflects a broader trend in various surgical fields to enhance patient outcomes both cosmetically and *** the first report of a PLDH in the form of a left lateral sectionectomy in 2002(2),this approach has expanded to include full left and full right hepatectomies(3,4).With advancements in laparoscopic instruments and growing experience,PLDH has become a standard practice for left lateral section grafts,as recognized by the most recent international consensus guideline(5).However,PLDH for full left and full right grafts has not yet reached the same level of *** performed in Asian countries,PLDH for these grafts highlights differences in donor and recipient characteristics compared to Western *** studies and evidence are required to confirm the safety and feasibility of PLDH for full left and full right grafts on a broader scale.

关键词： Donor hepatectomy laparoscopy living donor liver transplantation right hepatectomy left hepatectomy

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Surface doping effect on the optoelectronic performance of 2D organic crystals based on cyano-substituted perylene diimides

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chinese chemical Letters 2024年第9期35卷 193-197页

作者： jaeyong Ahn Zhenping Li Zhiwei Wang Ke Gao Huagui Zhuo Wanuk choi Gang chang Xiaobo Shang joon Hak Oh School of chemical and Biological Engineering Institute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis School of Environmental Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyGyeongbuk 37673South Korea Instrumental Analysis center of Xi’an jiaotong University Xi’an 710049China

compared to organic thin films,organic single crystals offer significant potential in organic phototransistors(OPTs)due to their enhanced charge transport,large surface area,and defect-free ***,the development of n-type semiconductors has lagged behind p-type *** enhance semiconductor device performance,a doping process can be employed,which typically involves the introduction of charged impurities into the crystalline semiconducting *** aim is to reduce the Ohmic losses,increase carrier density,improve transport capabilities,and facilitate effective carrier injection,ultimately enhancing the electrical properties of the *** doping processes,however,often pose a risk of damaging the structure of single *** this study,we have synthesized novel cyanosubstituted chiral perylene diimides,which self-assemble into two-dimensional single crystals that can be used for n-type semiconductor *** have employed a surface doping strategy using diethylamine vapor without disrupting the crystal *** fabricated devices exhibit significantly higher charge transport properties after doping,achieving a maximum electron mobility of 0.14 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),representing an improvement of over ***,the optoelectronic performance of the doped devices has significantly improved,with the external quantum efficiency increased by over 9 times and the significantly improved response *** results suggest that our surface doping technology is a promising way for enhancing the performance of 2D organic single-crystal OPTs.

关键词： Doping effect Phototransistors Perylene diimides Organic crystals cyano substitution

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The Reality of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations

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journal of Modern Physics 2024年第3期15卷 377-402页

作者： j. c. Botke Ronin Institute Montclair New Jersey USA

The initial idea for baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) came about during early efforts to understand the origin of galaxies by studying perturbed versions of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model. In more recent times, the emphasis has shifted to the idea that 2-point galaxy correlations embedded in the distribution of matter by the BAO could be used as a standard ruler to fix the parameters of cosmological models. In this paper, we first consider the actual business of extracting the correlation length from large data sets of measured galaxy locations. To facilitate this process, we introduce a much-improved method for extracting the correlation peak from the data set. Fundamental to this process in any model is the use of a fiducial cosmological model to transition from redshift space to comoving coordinate space where the correlations actually exist. The belief is that the correlation length so determined can then be reverted to redshift space to fix the parameters of cosmological models. We show, however, that this process is circular and hence of no value whatsoever for fixing model parameters. All one obtains are the parameters of the model used to transition to comoving space in the first place. Finally, we present simple arguments that show that the idea of BAO being responsible for the structure of the universe, i.e. the cosmic web, is unworkable.

关键词： Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations Two-Point correlations cMB Anisotropy Early Universe Time-Varying curvature

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