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植物系统发生海报——以演化视角介绍植物多样性的科教资料项目

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生物多样性 2025年

作者：蒋陈焜郁文彬饶广远黎怀成 Julien B.Bachelier hartmut h.hilger Theodor c.h.cole 北京大学生命科学学院蛋白质与植物基因研究国家重点实验室北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院北京大学-清华大学生命科学联合中心中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园综合保护中心/云南省热带雨林与亚洲象保护重点实验室 Dahlem centre of Plant Sciences (DcPS)， Institute of Biology， Structural and Functional Plant Diversity， Freie Universit?t Berlin

中国的植物多样性保护行动虽然提升了公众对多样性的认识，但这些努力往往未能深入到理解植物多样性演化及其保护的深层意义。从演化的视角进行植物多样性宣传教育，有利于促进对多样性的综合理解，增进对多样性保护的认可。然而， ... 详细信息

中国的植物多样性保护行动虽然提升了公众对多样性的认识，但这些努力往往未能深入到理解植物多样性演化及其保护的深层意义。从演化的视角进行植物多样性宣传教育，有利于促进对多样性的综合理解，增进对多样性保护的认可。然而，现有资料多集中于物种的识别、鉴定与分类，缺乏从生物演化角度对植物多样性进行系统性介绍的内容。本文介绍了一个具有全球影响力的科教资料案例——由美裔德国植物学家Theodor c. h. cole发起的植物系统发生海报(Plant Phylogeny Posters)项目。该项目通过整合最新的系统与演化植物学研究成果，以系统发生为线索介绍植物多样性及其亲缘关系，旨在利用系统发生树所蕴含的丰富演化思想内涵，启发读者理解植物多样性与演化。海报以系统发生树结合植物类群的形态、地理分布、物种数量等数据信息，直观展示了多个分类等级的重要类群的演化历史。在数十所大学和科研机构的45位研究人员的努力下， 70张系统发生海报已被翻译成中文，并向所有人免费开放获取。这一科教项目有望为增进公众深入理解植物多样性及其保护行动提供宝贵的资源和帮助。

关键词：植物多样性演化系统发生科教资料

微波强化催化湿式h_(2)O_(2)氧化深度处理煤化工废水

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山西化工 2025年第1期45卷 256-258页

作者：豆文娇哈密职业技术学院新疆哈密839000

在研究中主要探讨了微波强化催化湿式h_(2)O_(2)氧化深度处理煤化工废水的工艺技术,以某煤化工厂的煤化工废水为研究对象,利用实验方法分析了工艺技术体系在不同工况条件下对废水中喹啉和TOc的去除效果。经过研究结果分析发现,微波功率... 详细信息

在研究中主要探讨了微波强化催化湿式h_(2)O_(2)氧化深度处理煤化工废水的工艺技术,以某煤化工厂的煤化工废水为研究对象,利用实验方法分析了工艺技术体系在不同工况条件下对废水中喹啉和TOc的去除效果。经过研究结果分析发现,微波功率、实验反应温度、溶液ph值以及h_(2)O_(2)投加量等因素变化均会影响到工艺技术的应用效果。为保证煤化工废水综合处理效果,可将微波功率设置为500 W,实验反应温度为60℃,溶液ph值为6,h_(2)O_(2)投加量为0.094 mol/L,此时具有最佳处理效果。经过工艺技术处理后的煤化工废水中的含氮杂环类化合物得到有效去除,显著提高了煤化工废水处理水平。

关键词：微波强化催化湿式h_(2)O_(2)氧化深度处理煤化工废水

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氢氩比率对石墨烯岛形状的影响

真空科学与技术学报 2025年第1期45卷 67-72页

作者：李诚达周梦窦富良李军河北工业大学理学院天津300401 河北工业大学化工学院天津300401

材料的结构在决定其性能方面起着关键作用。石墨烯的性能除了受到层数的调控之外,石墨烯岛的形状也是影响其性能的一个重要因素。文章使用低压化学气相沉积技术,在液态铜表面生长出石墨烯岛。然后通过调节氢气(h_(2))和氩气(Ar)的比率,... 详细信息

材料的结构在决定其性能方面起着关键作用。石墨烯的性能除了受到层数的调控之外,石墨烯岛的形状也是影响其性能的一个重要因素。文章使用低压化学气相沉积技术,在液态铜表面生长出石墨烯岛。然后通过调节氢气(h_(2))和氩气(Ar)的比率,最终实现了多种形状石墨烯岛的可控制备。研究结果表明,正六边形石墨烯岛的生长速率远低于其他形状的石墨烯。基于此,提出了一个涵盖不同形状石墨烯岛生长机理的理论模型。这一模型不仅有助于理解石墨烯生长的基本原理,也将进一步指导未来的实验设计和石墨烯材料的开发。

关键词：石墨烯岛氢氩比化学气相沉积液态铜生长机理

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory hBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Plant-substrate biochar properties critical for mediating reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 1-10页

作者： Jonathan h.Lindhardt Peter E.holm Yong-Guan Zhu changyong Lu hans christian B.hansen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark Key lab of Urban Environment and health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Sino-Danish center for education and research China and DenmarkDalgas Avenue 4DK-8000 Aarhus C.Denmark

Dibromoethane is a widespread,persistent organic *** are known mediators of reductive dehalogenation by layered Fe^(Ⅱ)-Fe^(Ⅲ)hydroxides(green rust),which can reduce 1,2-dibromoethane to innocuous bromide and ***,the critical characteristics that determine mediator functionality are lesser *** biochar substrates were pyrolyzed at 600℃and 800℃,characterized by elemental analysis,X-ray photo spectrometry c and N surface speciation,X-ray powder diffraction,specific surface area analysis,and tested for mediation of reductive debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane by a green rust reductant under anoxic conditions.A statistical analysis was performed to determine the biochar properties,critical for debromination kinetics and total debromination *** was shown that selected plant based biochars can mediate debromination of 1,2-dibromoethane,that the highest first order rate constant was 0.082/hr,and the highest debromination extent was 27%in reactivity experiments with 0.1μmol(20μmol/L)1,2-dibromoethane,≈22 mmol/L Fe^(Ⅱ)GR,and 0.12 g/L soybean meal biochar(7 days).contents of Ni,Zn,N,and P,and the relative contribution of quinone surface functional groups were significantly(pcorrelated with 1,2-dibromoethane debromination,while adsorption,specific surface area,and the relative contribution of pyridinic N oxide surface groups were significantly negatively correlated with debromination.

关键词： Environmental remediation Biochar Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) Environmental catalysis Green rust

Deep view of composite SNR cTA1 with LhAASO in γ-rays up to 300 TeV

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

作者： Zhen cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.cao W.Y.cao Zhe cao J.chang J.F.chang A.M.chen E.S.chen h.X.chen Liang chen Lin chen Long chen M.J.chen M.L.chen Q.h.chen S.chen S.h.chen S.Z.chen T.L.chen Y.chen N.cheng Y.D.cheng M.c.chu M.Y.cui S.W.cui X.h.cui Y.D.cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.h.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.h.Fang K.Fang c.F.Feng h.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao c.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge T.T.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.h.Gong Q.B.Gou M.h.Gu F.L.Guo J.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.han O.A.hannuksela M.hasan h.h.he h.N.he J.Y.he Y.he Y.K.hor B.W.hou c.hou X.hou h.B.hu Q.hu S.c.hu c.huang D.h.huang T.Q.huang W.J.huang X.T.huang X.Y.huang Y.huang Y.Y.huang X.L.Ji h.Y.Jia K.Jia h.B.Jiang K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Khangulyan D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li c.M.Li cheng Li cong Li D.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.c.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu c.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo h.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri h.J.Mu Y.c.Nan A.Neronov K.c.Y.Ng L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei J.c.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu h.c.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.h.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian L.h.Wan c.Wang c.B.Wang G.W.Wang h.G.Wang h.h.Wang J.c.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang P.h.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen c.Y.Wu h.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.h.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan c.W.Yang c.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang W.X.Yang Y.h.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.h.You Z.Y.You Y.h Southwest Jiaotong University School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences hebei Normal University University of Science and Technology of china LhAASO collaboration State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory chinese Academy of Sciences Research center for Astronomical computing Zhejiang Laboratory Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & computing center Yunnan University Key Laboratory of cosmic Rays (Tibet University) Ministry of Education Department of Physics The chinese University of hong Kong Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology National Astronomical Observatories chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Institute of high Energy Physics Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University APc Université Paris cité cNRS/IN2P3 cEA/IRFU Observatoire de Paris Department of Engineering Physics & Department of Astronomy Tsinghua University School of Physics and Microelectronics chinese Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou University Yunnan Observatories chinese Academy of Sciences china center of Advanced Science and Technology college of Physics Sichuan University School of Physics Peking University Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and Technology University of chinese Academy of Sciences Guangxi University Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Moscow Institute

The ultra-high-energy（UhE） gamma-ray source 1LhAASO J0007+7303u is positionally associated with the composite SNR cTA1 that is located at high Galactic Latitude b ≈ 10.5°. This provides a rare opportunity to spatially resolve the component of the pulsar wind nebula（PWN） and supernova remnant（SNR） at UhE. This paper conducted a dedicated data analysis of 1LhAASO J0007+7303u using the data collected from December 2019 to July 2023. This source is well detected with significances of 21σ and 17σ at 8-100 TeV and >100 TeV, respectively. The corresponding extensions are determined to be 0.23°±0.03°and 0.17°±0.03°. The emission is proposed to originate from the relativistic electrons accelerated within the PWN of PSR J0007+7303. The energy spectrum is well described by a power-law with an exponential cutoff function dN/dE =（42.4 ± 4.1）(E/（20 TeV）)-2.31±0.11exp(-E/（110±25 TeV）) TeV-1cm-2s-1in the energy range from 8 to 300 TeV, implying a steady-state parent electron spectrum dNe/dEe∝(Ee/（100 TeV）)-3.13±0.16exp[(-Ee/（373±70 TeV）)2] at energies above ≈ 50 TeV. The cutoff energy of the electron spectrum is roughly equal to the expected current maximum energy of particles accelerated at the PWN terminal shock. combining the X-ray and gamma-ray emission, the current space-averaged magnetic field can be limited to≈ 4.5 μG. To satisfy the multi-wavelength spectrum and the γ-ray extensions, the transport of relativistic particles within the PWN is likely dominated by the advection process under the free-expansion phase assumption.

关键词：

LhAASO detection of very-high-energy γ-ray emission surrounding PSR J0248+6021

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

We report the detection of an extended very-high-energy(VhE) γ-ray source coincident with the location of middle-aged(62.4 kyr) pulsar PSR J0248+6021, by using the LhAASO-WcDA data of live 796 d and LhAASO-KM2A data of live 1216d. A significant excess of γ-ray induced showers is observed both by WcDA in energy bands of 1-25 Te V and KM2A in energy bands of >25 TeV with 7.3σ and 13.5σ, respectively. The best-fit position derived through WcDA data is R.A. = 42.06°± 0.12°and Dec. = 60.24°± 0.13°with an extension of 0.69°±0.15°and that of the KM2A data is R.A.= 42.29°± 0.13°and Dec. =60.38°± 0.07°with an extension of 0.37°±0.07°. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of this LhAASO source has been found from the radio band to the GeV band. The most plausible explanation of the VhE γ-ray emission is the inverse compton process of highly relativistic electrons and positrons injected by the pulsar. These electrons/positrons are hypothesized to be either confined within the pulsar wind nebula or to have already escaped into the interstellar medium, forming a pulsar halo.

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Observation of the γ-ray emission from W43 with LhAASO

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年

In this paper, we report the detection of the very-high-energy (VhE, 100 Ge V100 TeV) γ-ray emissions from the direction of the young star-forming region W43, observed by the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observation (LhAASO). The extended γ-ray source was detected with a significance of～16σby KM2A and～17σby WcDA, respectively. The angular extension of this γ-ray source is about 0.5 degrees, corresponding to a physical size of about 50pc. We discuss the origin of the γ-ray emission and possible cosmic ray acceleration in the W43 region using multi-wavelength data. Our findings suggest that W43 is likely another young star cluster capable of accelerating cosmic rays (cRs) to at least several hundred TeV.

关键词：

STUDY OF PREPARATION PROcESS OF TUNGSTEN POWDER BY ShS WITh A MAGNESIUM ThERMIT STAGE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第5期17卷 719-724页

作者： T.A.Zhang Y.L.Wang Z.h.dou h.Yang SchoolofMetallurgy＆Materials NortheasternUniversityShenyang110004China InstituteofMetalResearch TheChineseAcademyofSciencesShenyang110016Ghina

Tungsten powder was fabricated from the system caWO4-Mg by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (ShS) with a magnesium thermit stage. The physic-chemical change during heating and the effects of pressure of sample and diluents (W powder) on product have been studied. The experimental results show that the porosity of combustion product and the particle size of final tungsten powder decrease with increasing pressure of sample. Addition of diluents could increase the particle size of final tungsten powder. The purity of tungsten is improved by leaching in NaOh solution. The results of spectral analysis and particle size distribution of final tungsten powder show that the final Tungsten powder has a median diameter of 0.87μm,specific surface area of 1.09m2/g and purity of above 99.0%.

关键词： self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (ShS) magnesium thermit,tungsten Powder