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BASIc FORMULATION OF STATIc AND DYNAMIc BEHAVIOURS OF SOIL AND OTHER POROUS MEDIA

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 1982年第4期3卷 457-468页

作者： 0.c.Zienkiewicz University of Wales. Swansea. U. K. Department of civil Engineering

This paper treats the soil and rock or concrete as a two-phasemedium composed of a solid skeleton and an interstitial ***-der the unsaturated condition of interstitial fluid,the thirdphase is taken into consideration. In this paper. we consider theconstitutive relation,dynamic and kinematic relations,and also va-rious approximations with their limits of *** thoseof most practical engineering situations such as the consolidationproblem and the undrained behaviour. The finite element discreti-zation and the time dependent solution of various classes of soilproblem are also discussed.

关键词： BASIc FORMULATION OF STATIc AND DYNAMIc BEHAVIOURS OF SOIL AND OTHER POROUS MEDIA

Acquired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and microRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru c.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Faculty of Medicine–The University of British columbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health ***-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing *** etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental *** stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing *** non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic *** hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing *** these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science core collection,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical *** red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P Gc-1α),SIRT

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia microRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon c.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(cNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Effects of Bentonite,Hydrogel and Biochar Amendments on Soil Hydraulic Properties from Saturation to Oven Dryness

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 598-607页

作者： Osama M0HAWESH Wolfgang DURNER Department of Plant Production Faculty of AgricultureMutah UniversityKarak 61710 (Jordan) Division of Environmental Science and Technology Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 6110011 (Japan) Institute of Geoecology Technical University of BraunschweigLanger Kamp 19cBraunschweig 38106 (Germany)

Effects of hydrogel, bentonite, and biochar as soil amendments on soil hydraulic properties and improving water availability from saturation to oven dryness were investigated. Soils were mixed with hydrogel (0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%), bentonite (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.5%), and biochar (1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0%) as soil amendments (weight:weight). Three methods (extended multistep outflow (XMSO), evaporation (EVA), and WP4 dewpoint potentiometer) were used to measure soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness. The cumulative XMSO results were more uniform across all the applied pressure steps for the amended soils. The EVA exhibited a shorter linear decrease during the first evaporation stage and a lower evaporation rate during the second evaporation stage. The WP4 results also exhibited that soil amendments increased the soil water content of the amended soils at low matric potentials. The results of soil water retention curves revealed that the unamended soil retained less water at any matric potential compared to the amended soils. Soil hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing amount of soil amendments. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher for the unamended soil than the soils amended w计h 2.5% bentonite, 0.50% hydrogel, and 5.0% biochar by 11, 3, and 18 times, respectively. These results suggested that soil amendments improved soil water retentivity, which confirmed the appropriateness of these soil amendments for potential use in sandy soil improvements. However, field experiments and economical perception studies should be considered for further investigation.

关键词： evaporation extended multistep outflow soil amendment soil matric potential soil moisture soil water retentivity water availability WP4 dewpoint potentiometer

ILLUMINATION AND EXPOSITION OF A cONVEX n-DIMENSIONAL BODY DEPENDING ON ITS SHARPNESS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2002年第2期22卷 189-198页

作者： Boris V. Dekster Mathematics, Mount Allison University, Sackville, N.B. EOA 3c0, canada Mathematics Mount Allison University Sackville N.B. E0A 3C0 Canada

A convex n-body c is said to be exposable to a set D of a few directions if there is a linear transformation L : En → En such that L(c) arid each body isometric to L(c) is illuminated by D. Denote by En the minimum integer such that each c is exposable to a (fixed) set D of cardinality En. An upper bound for En is established here.

关键词： covering illumination Hadwiger conjecture

Effects of Plant Residue Decomposition on Soil N Availability,Microbial Biomass and β-Glucosidase Activity During Soil Fertility Improvement in Ghana

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 608-618页

作者： Samuel T. PARTEY Robert B. Z0UGM0RE Naresh V. THEVATHASAN Richard F. PREZIOSI cGI AR CCAFS West Africa ProgramInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Bamako B.P. Box 320 (Mali) School of Environmental Sciences University of GuelphGuelph NIG 2W1 (Canada) Faculty of Life Sciences The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PL (UK)

With limited use of inorganic fertilizers on smallholder farms,plant residues could be viable alternatives for soil fertility *** study was conducted to determine how residue quality and decomposition of nine plant species influence soil N availability,microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity during soil fertility *** differences in N concentration were found among the species,ranging from 12.2 g kg-1 in Zea mays to 39.2 g kg-1 in Baphia *** c/N ratio was the highest in ***(34.4),whereas lignin and polyphenol concentrations were the greatest in Acacia *** highest decomposition rate(0.251%per day)occurred in Tithonia diversifolia,and the lowest in ***,Albizia zygia,***,and ***,with the half-lives of 28-56 *** 80%and 89%of N,P,K,ca,and Mg were released from *** in 7 d,compared with over 70%retention in ***,***,and *** decomposition and nutrient release half-lives of Gliricidia sepium,Leucaena leucocephala,Azadirachta indica,and Senna spectabilis were less than 14 *** mineral N,microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity increased under all treatments,with *** having the greatest *** N mineralization occurred in all of the species throughout the experiment,an initial N immobilization was recorded in the ***,***,***,and *** treatments for up to 14 *** and nutrient release rates,mineral N,soil microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity were dependent on residue quality,and P and lignin levels,the lignin/N ratio,and the(lignin+polyphenol)/N ratio had the most significant effects(P≤0.05).

关键词： leguminous species litter quality microbial activity N mineralization nutrient release organic matter

北祁连山高压变质带的变形和变质特征及其对俯冲带折返的意义

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岩石学报 2009年第9期25卷 2235-2246页

作者：曹毅宋述光 c.0 Peking Univ MOE Key Lab Orogen Belts & Crustal Evolut Dept Geol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

北祁连造山带是早古生代大洋板块"冷"俯冲的典型地区,形成了一系列高压低温变质的岩石组合。基性榴辉岩是俯冲洋壳变质的产物,根据其结构构造特征可以划分为(1)粒状榴辉岩,峰期变质矿物组合为Grt+Omp+Phn+Rut±Lws,硬柱石呈包裹体和假... 详细信息

北祁连造山带是早古生代大洋板块"冷"俯冲的典型地区,形成了一系列高压低温变质的岩石组合。基性榴辉岩是俯冲洋壳变质的产物,根据其结构构造特征可以划分为(1)粒状榴辉岩,峰期变质矿物组合为Grt+Omp+Phn+Rut±Lws,硬柱石呈包裹体和假象分布于石榴石内,变质温压条件T=465～508℃,p=2.30～2.60GPa。(2)片状榴辉岩,岩石具片状构造,其共生矿物组合Omp+czo/Ep+Phn+Gln构成透入性面理S_1和线理L_1,以及宏观和显微同斜褶皱F_1。其峰期变质温压条件为T=466～510℃,P=1.9～2.2GPa。(3)蓝片岩相退化变质榴辉岩,蓝片岩相变质矿物Gln+Ep+Phn±Ab强烈交代榴辉岩相矿物,并发生强烈D_2期变形作用,岩石形成明显的透入性面理S_2和线理L_2,以及同斜剪切褶皱F_2。蓝闪石和多硅白云母线理的统计揭示D_2期变形以斜向走滑剪切为主,与D_1期变形的榴辉岩的运动学特征大体相似。D_2同变质的温压条件为T=422～487℃,P=1.15～1.37GPa。高压变质带晚期的绿片岩相叠加和D_3期变形,形成透入性面理S_3和线理L_3,其运动特征为近于垂直构造线的逆冲剪切。结合榴辉岩变形特征,变质温压条件和同位素年代学资料,我们认为退变质的强弱与变形程度有密切关系。峰期变质后的榴辉岩经过早期绿帘石榴辉岩相到蓝片岩相斜向走滑剪切,和晚期绿片岩相逆冲,在泥盆纪早期快速折返的出露地表。

关键词：北祁连山高压变质带变形变质特征俯冲带折返 implications 榴辉岩相峰期变质温压条件 mineral assemblage 蓝片岩相 North Qilian Mountains isotopic geochronology 走滑剪切线理绿片岩相矿物组合变质矿物 movement Early Paleozoic

Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study on the corrosion Behavior of Fe-cr Alloy in the Solution with cl^- and SO_4^(2-)

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2012年第1期27卷 27-32页

作者： XIAO Kui ZHANG Xin D0NG chaofang WEI Dan WANG chen LI Xiaogang Advanced Material and Technology Institute University of Science&Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Society Service center China Association for Science and TechnologyBeijing 100081China Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering Kunmming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China

The corrosion behaviors of Fe-cr alloy under three different pH values solutions with c1- and SO42- were investigated by localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （LEIS） measurements and the corrosion products were analyzed by laser Raman spectrometry. The results show that the high corrosion resistance of Fe-cr Alloy is attributed to a passive film which is formed more easily when the alloy contains a large quantity of cr element. However, its corrosion resistance varies in the solutions with different pH values, especially in the initial corrosion. The average impedance values in neutral and alkaline solution are much higher than that in acidic solution because the passive film is more likely to dissolve in the acidic condition. Moreover, the destructive effect of c1- and SO42 ions on the passive film is also demonstrated in corrosion process through the change of the impedance value with the steeping time.

关键词： Fe-cr Alloy localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) corrosionproducts Raman spectroscopy

Liquid metal as energy transportation medium or coolant under harsh environment with temperature below zero centigrade

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Frontiers in Energy 2014年第1期8卷 49-61页

作者： Yunxia GA0 Lei WANG Haiyan LI Jing LIU Key Lab of cryogenics and Beijing Key Lab of cryoBiomedicalEngineering Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry ChineseAcademy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China

The current highly integrated electronics and energy systems are raising a growing demand for more sophisticated thermal management in harsh environments such as in space or some other cryogenic environment. Recently, it was found that room temperature liquid metals （RTLM） such as gallium or its alloys could significantly reduce the electronics temperature compared with the conventional coolant, like water, oil or more organic fluid. However, most of the works were focused on RTLM which may subject to freeze under low temperature. So far, a systematic interpretation on the preparation and thermal properties of liquid metals under low temperature （here defined as lower than O^c） has not yet been available and related applications in cryogenic field have been scarce. In this paper, to promote the research along this important direction and to overcome the deficiency of RTLM, a comprehensive evaluation was proposed on the concept of liquid metal with a low melting point below zero centigrade, such as mercury, alkali metal and more additional alloy candidates. With many unique virtues, such liquid metal coolants are expected to open a new technical frontier for heat transfer enhancement, especially in low temperature engineering. Some innovative ways for making low melting temperature liquid metal were outlined to provide a clear theoretical guideline and perform further experiments to discover new materials. Further, a few promising applied situations where low melting temperature liquid metals could play irreplaceableroles were detailed. Finally, some main factors for optimization of low temperature coolant were summarized. Overall, with their evident merits to meet various critical requirements in modem advanced energy and power industries, liquid metals with a low melting temperature below zero centigrade are expected to be the next- generation high-performance heat transfer medium in thermal managements, especially in harsh environment in space.

关键词： liquid metal cryogenics low melting point,thermal management aircraft liquid cooling spaceexploration