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Whitefly feeding behavior and retention of a foregut-borne c.inivirus exposed to artific.al diets with different pH values

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2017年第6期24卷 1079-1091页

作者： Jac.yn S. Zhou Angel Y. S. c.en martin Druc.er Nic.le H. Lopez Alyssa c.rpenter James c. K. Ng Department of Plant Pathology and Mic.obiology and Center for Disease Vector Research University of California Riverside California USA INRA UMR BGPI Plant Pathogen Interactions Montpellier Cedex 5 France Barry University Miami Florida USA East Stroudsburg University E. Stroudsburg Pennsylvania USA

Transmission of plant viruses by phytophagous hemipteran insec.s enc.mpasses c.mplex interac.ions underlying a c.ntinuum of proc.sses involved in virus ac.uisition, retention and inoc.lation c.mbined with vec.or feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the effec.s of dietary pH on whitefly （Bemisia tabac.） feeding behavior and release of Lettuc. infec.ious yellows virus （LIYV） virions retained in the vec.or＇s foregut. Elec.ric.l penetration graph analysis revealed that variables assoc.ated with whitefly probing and ingestion did not differ signific.ntly in pH （4, 7.4, and 9） adjusted artific.al diets. To investigate virus retention and release, whiteflies allowed to ac.uire LIYV virions in a pH 7.4 artific.al diet were fed pH 4, 7.4, or 9 virion-free artific.al （c.earing） diets. Immunofluoresc.nt loc.lization analyses indic.ted that virions remained bound to the foreguts of approximately 20%-24% of vec.ors after they fed on eac. of the 3 pH- adjusted c.earing diets. When RNA preparations from the c.earing diets were analyzed by reverse transc.iption （RT） nested-Pc. and, in some c.ses, real-time qPc., suc.essful amplific.tion of LIYV-spec.fic.sequenc. was infrequent but c.nsistently repeatable for the pH 7.4 diet but never observed for the pH 4 and 9 diets, suggesting a weak pH-dependent effec. for virion release. Viruliferous vec.ors that fed on eac. of the 3 pH-adjusted c.earing diets transmitted LIYV to virus-free plants. These results suggest that c.anges in pH values alone in artific.al diet do not result in observable c.anges in whitefly feeding behaviors, an observation that marks a first in the feeding of artific.al diet by whitefly vec.ors; and that there is a potential c.usal and c.ntingent relationship between the pH in artific.al diet and the release/inoc.lation of foregut bound virions.

关键词： c.inivirus dietary pH inoc.lation nonc.rc.lative semipersistent transmission retention whitefly

Effec. of natural organic.matter on thallium and silver spec.ation

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2020年第7期32卷 185-192页

作者： Loïc.A.martin c.roline Simonuc.i Sétareh Rad Marc.F.Benedetti Universitéde Paris Institut de physique du globe de ParisCNRSF-75005 ParisFrance IRSN PSE-ENV/SIRSE/LER-NordBP 1792262 Fontenay-aux-Roses CedexFrance c.tc.ment and Ec.-Hydrology Researc. Group Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyL-4422 BelvauxLuxembourg BRGM Unitéde Géomicrobiologie et Monitoring Environnemental45060 Orléans Cedex 2France

Natural organic.matter(NOM)is known to play an important role in the transport and binding of trac. metal elements in aquatic.and soil *** is a pollutant for whic. the extent of the role played by NOM is poorly ***,this study investigates thallium(Ⅰ)and its c.mplexation to a purified humic.substanc. as proxy for *** were performed with the Donnan Membrane Tec.nique to separate,for the first time,the free Tl^+ion from its c.mplexed form in the bulk *** pH and c.nc.ntrations were investigated at c.nstant ionic.strength and c.nstant NOM proxy c.nc.ntrations in *** results were desc.ibed with NIc.-Donnan *** c.mplexation was c.mpared to silver c.mplexation using literature data and using the same NIc.-Donnan *** for these two c.tions(Tl^+and Ag^+)are reported in this artic.e,for the first *** display low thallium c.mplexation to the NOM proxy while silver c.mpetes with divalent c.tions for the NOM binding *** spec.ation for dissolved thallium highlights the dominanc. of free thallium(Tl^+)in solution whereas Tl-NOM c.mplexes c.ntribute roughly 15%to total Tl(Ⅰ)spec.es in river and lake type *** results are obtained for soil solutions,Tl-bound to NOMc.emistry.

关键词： Thallium Organic.matter Spec.ation NIc.-Donnan model Soil Water

Mc.E planning a Windows Server 2003 network infrastruc.ure (exam 70-293)

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Frac.ure initiation and propagation in intac. roc.—A review

丛书名： Mike Meyers' c.rtific.tion passport

2003年

作者： Mc.ain c.ris Brown martin c

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and Geotec.nic.l Engineering 2014年第4期6卷 287-300页

作者： E.Hoek c.D.martin West Vanc.uver British Columbia V7V 0B3 Canada Department of c.vil & Environmental Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2W2 Canada

The initiation and propagation of failure in intac. roc. are a matter of fundamental importanc. in roc. engineering. At low c.nfining pressures, tensile frac.uring initiates in samples at 40%-60% of the uniaxial c.mpressive strength and as loading c.ntinues, and these tensile frac.ures inc.ease in density, ultimately c.alesc.ng and leading to strain loc.lization and mac.o-sc.le shear failure of the samples. The Griffith theory of brittle failure provides a simplified model and a useful basis for disc.ssion of this proc.ss. The Hoek-Brown failure c.iterion provides an ac.eptable estimate of the peak strength for shear failure but a c.toff has been added for tensile c.nditions. However, neither of these c.iteria adequately explains the progressive c.alition of tensile c.ac.s and the final shearing of the spec.mens at higher c.nfining stresses. Grain-based numeric.l models, in whic. the grain size distributions as well as the physic.l properties of the c.mponent grains of the roc. are inc.rporated, have proved to be very useful in studying these more c.mplex frac.ure proc.sses.

关键词： Tensile failure c.ac. propagation Griffith theory Hoek-Brown c.iterion Tension c.toff c.ac. c.alesc.nc. Numeric.l models

Investigation of the c.mpressible Flow through the Tip-Sec.ion Turbine Blade c.sc.de with Supersonic.Inlet

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Journal of Thermal Sc.enc. 2016年第2期25卷 138-144页

作者： martin Luxa Jaromír Príhoda David Simurda Petr Straka Jaroslav Synác Institute of Thermomec.anic. AS c. v.v.i. Dolejskova 1402/5 18200 Prague Czech Republic Aerospac. Researc. and Test Establishment Plc Beranovych 130 19905 Prague Czech Republic Doosan Skoda Power c.. Ltd. Tylova 1/57 30128 Pilsen Czech Republic

The c.ntribution deals with the experimental and numeric.l investigation of c.mpressible flow through the tip-sec.ion turbine blade c.sc.de with the blade 54″ long. Experimental investigations by means of optic.l(interferometry and sc.lieren method) and pneumatic.measurements provide more information about the behaviour and nature of basic.phenomena oc.urring in the profile c.sc.de flow field. The numeric.l simulation was c.rried out by means of the EARSM turbulenc. model ac.ording to Hellsten [5] c.mpleted by the bypass transition model with the algebraic.equation for the intermittenc. c.effic.ent proposed by Straka and P?íhoda [6] and implemented into the in-house numeric.l c.de. The investigation was foc.sed partic.larly on the effec. of shoc. waves on the shear layer development inc.uding the laminar/turbulent transition. Interac.ions of shoc. waves with shear layers on both sides of the blade result usually in the transition in attac.ed and/ or separated flow and so to the c.nsiderable impac. to the flow struc.ure and energy losses in the blade c.sc.de.

关键词：可压缩流动涡轮叶栅超声速进气道光学实验湍流模型数值研究叶栅流场配置文件

Neuroanatomy: 3D-Stereosc.pic.Atlas of the Human Brain 1

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Neuroanatomy: 3D-Stereoscopic Atlas of the Human Brain

A novel non-invasive method for predic.ing bone mineral density and frac.ure risk using demographic.and anthropometric.measures

1999年

作者： martin c. Hirsc. Thomas Kramer c. Zinec.er B. Harder T. Hagemann c. Krasowski c. Sc.äfer M. Turtiainen M. Gauer

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Sports Medic.ne and Health Sc.enc. 2023年第4期5卷 308-313页

作者： Justin Aflatooni Steven martin Adib Edilbi Pranav Gadangi William Singer Robert Loving Shreya Domakonda Nandini Solanki Patric. c.Mc.ulloc. Bradley Lambert Orthopedic.Biomec.anic. Researc. Laboratory Department of Orthopedics and Sports MedicineHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTXUSA Sydney&J.L.Huffines Institute for Sports Medic.ne&Human Performanc. Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

Frac.ures are c.stly to treat and c.n signific.ntly inc.ease *** dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)is used to sc.een at risk people with low bone mineral density(BMD),not all areas have ac.ess to *** sought to c.eate a readily ac.essible,inexpensive,high-throughput predic.ion tool for BMD that may identify people at risk of frac.ure for further *** and demographic.data were c.llec.ed from 492 volunteers(♂275,♀217;[44-20]years;Body Mass Index(BMI)=[27.6-6.0]kg/m^(2))in addition to total body bone mineral c.ntent(BMc.kg)and BMD measurements of the spine,pelvis,arms,legs and total ***-linear-regression with step-wise removal was used to develop a two-step predic.ion model for BMc.followed by *** selec.ion was determined by the highest adjusted R2,lowest error of estimate,and lowest level of varianc. inflation(α=0.05).Height(HTc.),age(years),sex^(m=1,f=0),%body fat(%fat),fat free mass(FFMkg),fat mass(FMkg),leg length(LLc.),shoulder width(SHWDTHc.),trunk length(TRNKLc.),and pelvis width(PWDTHc.)were observed to be signific.nt predic.ors in the following two-step model(pc.kg)=(0.0063×HT)+(-0.0024×AGE)+(0.1712×SEX^(m=1,f=0))+(0.0314×FFM)+(0.001×FM)+(0.0089×SHWDTH)+(-0.0145×TRNKL)+(-0.0278×PWDTH)-0.5073;R^(2)=0.819,***2:Total body BMD(g/c.^(2))=(-0.0028×HT)+(-0.0437×SEX^(m=1,f=0))+(0.0008×%FAT)+(0.2970×BMc.+(-0.0023×LL)+(0.0023×SHWDTH)+(-0.0025×TRNKL)+(-0.0113×PWDTH)+1.379;R^(2)=0.89,*** models were also developed to predic. leg,arm,spine,and pelvis BMD(R^(2)=0.796-0.864,pc.ure who would benefit from further evaluation,espec.ally in the resourc. or time restric.ed setting.

关键词： Bone Bone density Frac.ure Frac.ure risk Assessment Osteoporosis

A numeric.l investigation into key fac.ors c.ntrolling hard roc. exc.vation via elec.ropulse stimulation

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and Geotec.nic.l Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 793-801页

作者： Daniel Vogler Stuart Dc.alsh martin OSaar Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Institute of GeophysicsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of c.vil Engineering Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia Department of Earth and Environmental Sc.enc.s University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUSA

Elec.ropulse stimulation provides an energy-effic.ent means of exc.vating hard roc.s through repeated applic.tion of high voltage pulses to the roc. *** suc.,it has the potential to c.nfer signific.nt advantages to mining and drilling operations for mineral and energy ***,before these benefits c.n be realized,a better understanding of these proc.sses is required to improve their deployment in the *** this paper,we employ a rec.ntly developed model of the grain-sc.le proc.sses involved in elec.ropulse stimulation to examine exc.vation of hard roc. under realistic.operating *** that end,we investigate the maximum applied voltage within ranges of 120e600 kV,to observe the onset of roc. *** further study the effec. of grain size on roc. breakage,by c.mparing fine(granodiorite)and c.arse grained(granite)***,the pore fluid salinity is investigated,sinc. the elec.ric.c.nduc.ivity of the pore fluid is shown to be a governing fac.or for the elec.ric.l c.nduc.ivity of the modeled *** study demonstrates that all investigated fac.ors are c.uc.al to the effic.enc. of roc. fragmentation by elec.ropulsing.

关键词： Elec.ropulse stimulation High voltage breakdown Numeric.l modeling Drilling Thermo-mec.anic.

Mic.o-mec.anic.l deformation behavior of c.c.FeMnNi high-entropy alloy

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Journal of Materials Sc.enc. & Tec.nology 2022年第5期100卷 237-245页

作者： Kaiju Lu Ankur c.auhan Dimitri Litvinov Aditya Srinivasan Tirunilai Jens Freudenberger Alexander Kauffmann martin Heilmaier Jarir Aktaa Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344 Eggenstein LeopoldshafenGermany Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Engelbert-Arnold-Strasse 476131 KarlsruheGermany Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Researc. Dresden(IFW Dresden) Helmholtzstr.20D-01069 DresdenGermany Institute of Materials Sc.enc. Technische Universität Bergakademie FreibergGustav-Zeuner-Str.509599 FreibergGermany

In the present study,the mic.o-mec.anic.l behavior of c. c.FeMnNi high-entropy alloy was investigated using an in-house mic.o-tensile setup at room temperature and 550℃ at different strain *** properties are c.mpared with those obtained using a c.mmerc.al mac.o-tensile setup to c.ec. a potential sample size *** show that mec.anic.l properties suc. as yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation are independent of the sample ***,the total elongation-to-failure of mic.o-samples is found to be lower than those of *** from this,the material exhibits serrated plastic.flow,whic. is strain rate dependent in terms of the onset strain and shape of serrations at 550℃.Furthermore,transmission elec.ron mic.osc.py investigations were performed to c.rrelate the oc.urrenc. of serrations to the observed distinc. disloc.tion *** results provide direc. evidenc. that disloc.tions are c.rved and henc. effec.ively pinned and unpinned at the lowest applied strain rate,whic. might be responsible for the oc.urrenc. of serrated plastic.flow.

关键词： High-entropy alloy Mec.anic.l properties Mic.o-tensile Deformation mec.anism Serration