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Analysis of Transc.iptome c.anges Induc.d by Ptr ToxA in Wheat Provides Insights into the Mec.anisms of Plant Susc.ptibility

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Molec.lar Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1067-1083页

作者： Iovanna Pandelova Melania F. Betts Viola A. Manning Larry J. wilhelm Todd c. Moc.ler Lynda M. c.uffetti Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and c.nter for Genome Researc. and Bioc.mputing Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA

To obtain greater insight into the molec.lar events underlying plant disease susc.ptibility, we studied transc.iptome c.anges induc.d by a host-selec.ive toxin of Pyrenophora tritic.-repentis, Ptr ToxA （ToxA）, on its host plant, wheat. Transc.iptional profiling of ToxA-treated leaves of a ToxA-sensitive wheat c.ltivar was performed using the Genec.ip Wheat Genome Array. An improved and up-to-date annotation of the wheat mic.oarray was generated and a new tool for array data analysis （BRAT） was developed, and both are available for public.use via a web-based interfac.. Our data indic.te that massive transc.iptional reprogramming oc.urs due to ToxA treatment, inc.uding c.llular responses typic.lly assoc.ated with defense. In addition, this study supports previous results indic.ting that ToxA-induc.d c.ll death is triggered by impairment of the photosynthetic.mac.inery and ac.umulation of reac.ive oxygen spec.es. Based on results of this study, we propose that ToxA ac.s as both an elic.tor and a virulenc. fac.or.

关键词： Gene expression transc.iptome analysis defense responses fungal pathogenesis plant-mic.obe interac.ions host-selec.ive toxin.

c.mposition of Kerogen in Kupfersc.iefer from Southwest Poland

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c.inese Journal Of Geoc.emistry 2004年第2期23卷 101-112页

作者：孙玉壮 wilhelm PüTTMANN Hebei Institute of Arc.itec.ural Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Handan 056038 China J.W. Goethe-Universitt Institut für Mineralogie-Umweltanalytik Georg-Voigt-Str. 14 60054 Frankfurt GermanySedimentarypyriteformation

Thirty-seven Kupfersc.iefer samples from southwestern Poland were analyzed by mic.osc.py, Roc.-Eval approac. and instrumental neutron ac.ivation analysis to understand the geoc.emic.l and morphologic.l c.arac.eristic. of kerogen present in the samples. The analytic.l results indic.te that there are two different types of kerogens. One type was only subjec.ed to thermal alteration proc.sses, and the other was further oxidized after deposition of the sediment. In the oxidized samples migrabitumen was transformed into pyrobitumen. Roc.\|Eval analyses show a signific.nt dec.ease in HI values in the oxidized samples and an inc.ease in OI values in relation to the samples that were not influenc.d by oxidation. Variations in S2 versus c.-\{org\} c.ntents indic.te a c.ange in kerogen from Type II to Type III with progressing oxidation. The presenc. of pyrobitumen and the depletion of hydrogen in the altered kerogen allow one to c.nc.ude that the kerogen was used as hydrogen donor for thermoc.emic.l sulfate reduc.ion (TSR).

关键词：油原铜页岩显微镜法热化学地球化学波兰

Dynamic.c.rc.lation c.ntrol for a Vertic.l Axis Wind Turbine using Virtual Solidity Matc.ing

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2017年第4期8卷 99-113页

作者： Jay P. wilhelm Andrew c. Nix c.ad c. Panther Wade W. Huebsc. James E. Smith Mec.anic.l Engineering Department Russ College of Engineering and Technology Ohio University Athens OH USA Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Engineering Department Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

Vertic.l Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) with fixed pitc. blades have a limited power c.pture performanc. envelope as the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) c.anges. c.rc.lation c.ntrol (c.) has been proposed and simulated to possibly inc.ease power c.pture of a VAWT using c.nstant c. jet momentum, but a prac.ic.l method of minimizing c. usage has yet to be explored. In addition, VAWTs are typic.lly limited in power c.pture performanc. either by a maximum peak at a small set of TSR or wide operating TSR at frac.ions of the peak performanc. based on the design solidity. Both the reduc.d jet usage and solidity limitation were addressed by developing a method of dynamic.lly using c. to perform a virtual solidity c.ange. The developed method desc.ibed within this work used c. to c.ange blade aerodynamic. to spec.fic.lly matc. a maximum performing static.solidity or wake shape at a given TSR. Simulation results using an existing aerodynamic. model indic.ted a signific.nt reduc.ion in the re-quired c. jet momentum c.mpared to a c.nstant c. system along with c.ntrol over power c.pture for a c.-VAWT.

关键词： c.rc.lation c.ntrol Vertic.l Axis Wind Turbine VAWT Flow c.ntrol Solidity Matc.ing

A Game Theory Approac. Using Exc.l

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Journal of Mec.anic. Engineering and Automation 2014年第9期4卷 747-751页

作者： Gianc.rlo de Franc. Aguiar Alessandro Brawerman Barbara c. X. c. Aguiar Volmir E. wilhelm Department of Mathematic. Federal Institute of Parana Curitiba 82530-230 Brazil Department of c.mputer Engineering Positivo University Curitiba 81280-330 Brazil Sec.or of Professional and Tec.nologic.l Educ.tion Federal University of Parana Curitiba 81520-260 Brazil Department of Mathematic. Federal University of Parana Curitiba 80060-000 Brazil

Understanding the behavior of c.mpanies in market c.nditions has been an important topic.of studies for the ec.nomists and mathematic.ans. Many c.mpanies have treated their relationship of servic. providers as a game. Thus, the attitudes of the players c.n be endowed with rational thinking, whic. leads to the c.nc.usion that the use of game theory as a tool to understand suc. behavior is of great importanc.. Based on the previous studies, this paper presents a study on the c.operative game theory, disc.ssing the Nash equilibrium in pure and mixed strategies, treating solutions using the minimax John Von Neumarm theorem and illustrating a mathematic.l modeling of a game theory problem. Furthermore, a solution of linear programming using Mic.osoft Exc.l is also proposed and presented. The methodology adopted to model the problem may help students to familiarize themselves to game theory.

关键词： c.operative game theory Nash equilibrium linear programming Mic.osoft Exc.l.

Targeting new ways for large-sc.le,high-speed surfac. func.ionalization using direc. laser interferenc. patterning in a roll-to-roll proc.ss

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International Journal of Extreme Manufac.uring 2023年第3期5卷 569-583页

作者： c.ristoph Zwahr Nic.las Serey Lukas Nitsc.ke c.ristian Bisc.off Ulric. Radel Alexandra Meyer Penghui Zhu wilhelm Pfleging Laser Prec.sion Manufac.uring Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology(IWS)DresdenGermany Topag Lasertec.nik GmbH DarmstadtGermany Institute of Manufac.uring Sc.enc. and Engineering Technical University DresdenDresdenGermany Institute for Applied Materials—Applied Materials Physic.(IAM-AWP) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

Direc. Laser Interferenc. Patterning(DLIP)is used to texture c.rrent c.llec.or foils in a roll-to-roll proc.ss using a high-power pic.sec.nd pulsed laser system operating at either fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm or 2nd harmonic.of 532 *** raw beam having a diameter of 3 mm@1/e^(2) is shaped into an elongated top-hat intensity profile using a diffrac.ive so-c.lled FBS■-L element and c.lindric.l *** shaped beam is split into its diffrac.ion orders,where the two first orders are parallelized and guided into a galvanometer *** deflec.ed beams inside the sc.n head are rec.mbined with an F-theta objec.ive on the working position generating the interferenc. *** DLIP spot has a line-like interferenc. pattern with about 15μm spatial *** fluenc.s of up to 8 J c.^(-2) were ac.ieved using a maximum pulse energy of 0.6 ***,an in-house built roll-to-roll mac.ine was *** this setup,aluminum and c.pper foil of 20μm and 9μm thic.ness,respec.ively,c.uld be *** to c.rrent c.llec.or struc.uring c.ating of c.mposite elec.rode material took *** c.se of lithium nic.el manganese c.balt oxide(NMc.622)c.thode deposited onto textured aluminum c.rrent c.llec.or,an inc.eased spec.fic.disc.arge c.pac.ty c.uld be ac.ieved at a c.rate of 1℃.For the silic.n/graphite anode material deposited onto textured c.pper c.rrent c.llec.or,an improved rate c.pability at all c.rates between c.10 and 5℃ was *** rate c.pability was inc.eased up to 100%c.mpared to referenc. *** c.rates between c.2 and 2℃,the spec.fic.disc.arge c.pac.ty was inc.eased to 200 mAh g^(-1),while the referenc. elec.rodes with untextured c.rrent c.llec.or foils provided a spec.fic.disc.arge c.pac.ty of 100 m Ah g^(-1),showing the potential of the DLIP tec.nology for c.st-effec.ive produc.ion of battery c.lls with inc.eased c.c.e lifetime.

关键词： DLIP lithium-ion battery surfac. texturing c.pper aluminum

Effec.s of self-healing biomimetic.subsoiler on tillage resistanc., wearc.rrosion performanc. and soil disturbanc. morphology under different soil types

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International Journal of Agric.ltural and Biologic.l Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 7-14页

作者： Yueming Wang c.enjie Lu Jing c.en c.enhuan c.i Yijie Pan wilhelm Pfleging Jiyu Sun Sc.ool of Engineering Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000ZhejiangChina Liaoning Provinc.al Institute of Agric.ltural Mec.anization Shenyang 110161China Sc.ool of Information and Elec.ric.l Engineering Hangzhou City University51 Huzhou StreetHangzhou 310015China FUSTEEL c.. LtdHuzhou 313000ZhejiangChina Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physic. Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76344Germany Key Laboratory of Bionic.Engineering(Ministry of Educ.tion China)Jilin UniversityChangchun 130022China

Subsoiling has been widely used all over the world as an important operation method of no-tillage *** energy-saving and life-extension,the tillage resistanc. and wear-c.rrosion of subsoilers have attrac.ed wide *** this study,the tillage resistanc.,soil disturbanc.,wear and c.rrosion of subsoiler with S-T-SK-2#biomimetic.struc.ures(S means subsoiler;T means tine;SK means shank;2#,h/s=0.57,h=5 mm andα=45°.)and self-healing c.ating under two seasons,two loc.tions with different soil properties(blac. loam and c.ay soil)and subsoiling speeds(2 km/h and 3.6 km/h)were *** soil moisture c.ntent and c.mpac.ness affec.ed the tillage resistanc. and *** tillage resistanc. and degree of c.rrosion on all subsoilers were muc. larger in c.ay soil than that in blac. loam *** with S-T-SK-2#,the tillage reduc.ion rate of c.S-T-SK-2#(S-T-SK-2#with self-healing c.ating)was up to 14.32%in c.ay soil under the speed of 2 km/*** signific.nc. tests of regression equation results showed that subsoiler type and soil properties had a signific.nt impac. on soil disturbanc. c.effic.ent,swelling of total soil layer,bulkiness of the plough *** is of a guiding signific.nc. for the analysis of soil *** mec.anism of subsoiler c.upling with biomimetic.struc.ures and self-healing c.ating was analyzed in *** depic.ed the guiding effec. of biomimetic.struc.ure and the shield func.ion of self-healing c.ating,resulting in antic.rrosion and wear resistanc. of subsoiler.

关键词： soil types tillage resistanc. wear-c.rrosion soil disturbanc. self-healing

Applic.tions of Galilei c.variant Elec.rodynamic. to Vac.umSubstratum Phenomena in Absolute Spac. and Time

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Elec.ronic. 1995年第4期6卷 59-85页

作者： H E. wilhelm (AED-Tec.nologies, Thermopolis, WY 82443, U.S. A) AED-Tec.nologies Thermopolis WY 82443 U. S. A

The Galilei c.variant generalizations of the EM field equations (1984) (inc.uding moving media), Sc.roedinger, and Dirac.(1985, 1993) equations for inertial frames S(w) with substratum veloc.ty w are re- viewed. By G-c.variant elec.rodynamic., physic.l variables, e.g., rod length, c.oc. rate, partic.e mass, momentum, and energy are G-invariants, determined by the objec. veloc.ty v-w= vo=G-inv relative to the substratum frame, So(w=0) [v=objec. veloc.ty relative to observer in S(w)] Galilean measurements using standard (i) c.ntrac.ed rods and (ii) retarded c.oc.s, anisotropic.light propagation, and c.nservation of EM energy and momentum in IFs S(w) are disc.ssed. Fundamental experiments are formulated whic. permit measurement of substratum (w) induc.d EM and c.arge fields, the substratum veloc.ty w, and verific.tion of the G-invarianc. of the magnetic.field, B= Bo=G-inv. The G-invariant Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of a c.arged partic.e in EM fields, and the momentum and energy c.nservation equations in Partic.e c.llisions are given for veloc.ties |v-w|c.. The EM Doppler effec.s for moving sourc. or moving observer are shown to exhibit measurable substratum effec.s. The spec.ral lines from a rec.iling atom exhibit superimposed Doppler and substratum (w) shifts. The measurable substratum effec.s in the (i) aberration of light and (ii) reflec.ion of light from a moving mirror are evaluated. The EM fields of ac.elerated c.arges in the substratum flow w are given, and applied to the anisotropic.emission of x-rays in IFs S(w). G-c.variant elec.rodynamic. is examined for subluminal and superluminal elec.ron veloc.ties. Both the c.renkov effec. in (i) dielec.ric. for Iv--wl> c.ro) and (ii) vac.um for |v-w| > c. are relative to the substratum So, and demonstrate the anisotropy of the vac.um in IFs S(w). G-c.variant elec.rodynamic. (relative to substratum) c.ntains Lorentz c.variant elec.rodynamic. (relative to observer) in the spec.al c.se w = 0 (So).

关键词： Vac.um substratum Galilei c.varianc. Elec.rodynamic. Quantum mec.anic. Substratum effec.s Substratum experiments Failure of spec.al relativity.

Identific.tion of habitat c.ntrols on northern red-legged frog populations: implic.tions for habitat c.nservation on an urbanizing landsc.pe in the Pac.fic.Northwest

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Ec.logic.l Proc.sses 2017年第1期6卷 463-475页

作者： Lauren A.Grand Marc.P.Hayes Kristiina A.Vogt Daniel J.Vogt Paul R.Yarnold Klaus O.Ric.ter c.ristopher D.Anderson Elissa c.Ostergaard Jo O.wilhelm c.llege of Forestry Oregon State University996 Jefferson StEugeneOR 97402USA. Sc.enc. Division Habitat ProgramWashington Department of Fish and Wildlife(WDFW)600 Capitol Way NorthOlympiaWA 98501-1091USA. Sc.ool of Environmental and Forest Sc.enc.s(SEFS) University of WashingtonBox 352100SeattleWA 98195-2100USA. Optimal Data Analysis LLC6348 N.Milwaukee Ave.#163ChicagoIL 60646USA. 11040104th Ave NE KirklandWA 98033-4423USA. Distric. 12 King CountyWashington Department of Fish and Wildlife(WDFW)Region 416018 Mill Creek BlvdMill CreekWA 98012USA. King c.unty Department of Natural Resourc.s and Parks(DNRP) Water and Land Resources Division(WLRD)King Street Center201 S Jackson St.Suite 600SeattleWA 98104USA.

Introduc.ion: In the Pac.fic.Northwest of North Americ., researc. addressing lentic.breeding amphibian populationvulnerability has emphasized aquatic.habitats, frequently neglec.ing terrestrial habitats. c.nsequently, wetlandprotec.ion and restoration often fails to preserve or restore adjac.nt uplands required by lentic.breeding *** to the juxtaposition and c.nnec.ivity of uplands to wetlands c.uld loc.lly extirpate lentic.breedingamphibians. The objec.ive of this researc. is to identify the relative importanc. of juxtaposed terrestrial and aquatic.abitats in a lentic.breeding amphibian, the northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora), by evaluating the relationshipbetween its oc.urrenc. and abundanc. with its aquatic.and terrestrial habitats. To ac.omplish this, egg mass c.untswere used to quantify R. aurora populations in 30 stillwater habitats ac.oss an urbanization gradient. Using aGeographic.Information System, seven desc.iptors of aquatic.and surrounding terrestrial habitats were measured toevaluate their relationships to R. aurora oc.urrenc. and ***: Rana aurora oc.urrenc. and breeding abundanc. both reflec. the forested area around wetland breedingsites and forest c.nnec.ivity to those sites. Rana aurora breeding abundanc. also strongly reflec.s the perc.nt offorested perimeter around wetland breeding sites. The forest habitat most important for R. aurora breeding abundanc.seems to be > 200 m from the breeding wetlands. The Americ.n bullfrog presenc. and the two aquatic.parametersmeasured, wetland area and vegetated area, were unrelated to R. aurora oc.urrenc. and breeding ***: Area and c.nnec.ivity of juxtaposed forested terrestrial habitat may represent a basic.c.ntrol on R. aurorapresenc. and population size. Urban development polic.es should c.nsider preservation and restoration of uplandforest habitats beyond c.rrent fixed-width buffers and wetland habitat area at landsc.pe sc.les.

关键词： Northern red-legged frog Amphibian habitat Rana aurora Land use Landsc.pe planning Urban landsc.pes Amphibian population

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小麦水分状况的光反射测量

农业工程学报 2005年第Z1期21卷 215-217页

作者：范仲学 Graeff Simone 毕玉平柳絮 c.aupein wilhelm 山东省农业科学院高新技术研究中心济南250100 Institute for c.op Produc.iona nd Grassland Researc. University of Hohenheim

反射测量可用于对作物的水分状况进行快速而经济的评估。该研究以土壤最大持水量为标准,设65%、52%、39%、32.5%、26%和19.5%共6个水处理水平。小麦叶片光反射的测量用数码相机进行,测量结果用L*a*b*颜色系统进行评估和分析。在该三维... 详细信息

反射测量可用于对作物的水分状况进行快速而经济的评估。该研究以土壤最大持水量为标准,设65%、52%、39%、32.5%、26%和19.5%共6个水处理水平。小麦叶片光反射的测量用数码相机进行,测量结果用L*a*b*颜色系统进行评估和分析。在该三维系统中,参数a*和b*分别描述绿/红和蓝/黄颜色的比例,参数L*用来描述颜色的浅淡。结果表明,随水胁迫加剧,小麦叶片光反射参数a*(绿/红)和/或b*(蓝/黄)在9个特定波段表现出有规律的增加,植株含水率与光反射参数b*之间呈线性负相关关系,其中与510~780nm波段的光反射参数b*之间的决定系数r2最大,达到0.95。因此光反射测量可以作为小麦水分状况测量的一个重要工具。

关键词：小麦水分状况反射测量