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Solar wind transport into m.gnetosphere c.used by m.gnetic.rec.nnec.ion at high latitude m.gnetopause during northward Im.: c.uster-DSP c.njunc.ion observations

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1677-1684页

作者： m. DUNLOP E. LUc.K H. Rm. c. m. carr Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Im.erial c.llege of Sc.enc. Technology and Medicine London United Kingdom c.SR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France

An event of c.uster-Double Star c.njunc.ion observations of m.gnetic.rec.nnec.tion at high latitude m.gnetopause nightside of both c.sps and solar wind trans-port into m.gnetosphere c.used by suc. rec.nnec.ion proc.ss has been investi-gated. During northward Im., c.uster/Sc. observed ac.elerated flows and ion heating assoc.ated with m.gnetic.rec.nnec.ion at high latitude m.gnetopause nightside of southern c.sp. And Double Star observed c.ld dense solar wind plasm. transported into dayside m.gnetosphere. The analysis on suc. c.njunc.ion observations shows that: (1) during northward Im., m.gnetic.rec.nnec.ion oc.urs at high latitude nightside of southern c.sp, ac.om.anied by ac.elerated flows that are observed by c.uster/Sc.; (2) the direc.ion of the ac.elerated flows, with its sunward c.m.onent Vx, dawnward c.m.onent Vy, northward c.m.onent Vz, is quite c.nsistent with the theoretic.l antic.pation under the c.ndition of northward Im. with dawnward c.m.onent By; (3) rec.nnec.ion c.n heat plasm. m.re in par-allel direc.ion than in perpendic.lar direc.ion, to a level of about 4 keV; (4) with rec.nnec.ion taking plac. at high latitude m.gnetopause nightside of the southern c.sp, Tc.1 observed c.ld and dense plasm. transported into m.gnetosphere; (5) by rec.nnec.ion at high latitude m.gnetopause nightside of both c.sps, solar wind flux tube c.n be c.ptured by m.gnetosphere and pulled into dayside m.gneto-sphere. This event presents further observational evidenc. for m.gnetic.rec.nnec.tion at high latitude m.gnetopause nightside of both c.sps as an im.ortant m.c.-anism.of sol-ar w-ind transport into m.gnetosphere.

关键词： transport proc.ss m.gnetic rec.nnec.ion solar wind-m.gnetosphere interac.ions

Surveys on m.gnetospheric.plasm.s based on the Double Star Projec. (DSP) exploration

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1639-1647页

作者： c. P. ESc.UBET c. m. carr H. Rm. A. FAZAKERLEY H. LAAKSO I. DANDOURAS m. DUNLOP ESA/ESTEc SCI-SH Keplerlaan 1 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Im.erial c.llege of Sc.enc. Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom c.SR BP4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France m.llard Spac. Sc.enc. Laboratory Univ. College London Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT United Kingdom Im.erial c.llege of Sc.enc. Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom

The equatorial and polar satellites of the Double Star Projec. (DSP) were launc.ed suc.essfully on Dec.m.er 29, 2003 and July 25, 2004, respec.ively, and both of them.are operating sm.othly. The DSP provides a good opportunity for investigat-ing the struc.ure of the m.gnetosphere. Based on the DSP data c.llec.ed during 2004, we have surveyed the distribution of the m.gnetic.fields and plasm.s in the m.gnetosphere. It is found that: (1) Near the Earth’s equatorial plane within geo-c.ntric.distanc.s of less than 7 RE, the Earth’s m.gnetic.field is dipolar. In the vi-c.nity of the m.gnetopause, the m.gnetic.field is enhanc.d by a fac.or of about 1.5, and on the nightside, the m.gnetic.field c.n vary signific.ntly from.the Earth’s di-pole field, likely c.used by the presenc. of the near-Earth tail c.rrent sheet. (2) In the day-side m.gnetosheath, the elec.ron and ion densities are usually both in the range of 10―30 c.?3; the ion and elec.ron tem.eratures are usually about 200 and 50 eV, respec.ively. The flow pattern is usually sm.oth, with a low veloc.ty in the subsolar region and with signific.ntly higher veloc.ties in the dawn and dusk flanks. (3) In the region between the m.gnetopause and plasm.sphere the density is low, approxim.tely 0.5―5 c.?3, and the tem.erature is high, about 1―10 keV for ions and 0.1―5 keV for elec.rons. The ion tem.erature has an apparent anisotropy, with the ratio of the perpendic.lar and parallel tem.eratures being about 1.0―1.3 for the night- and dusk-side m.gnetosphere and about 1.3―2.0 for the day- and dawn-side m.gnetosphere. There is an evident sunward c.nvec.ion of about 50 km.s in the m.gnetosphere. On the dawn side, the flow bec.m.s som.what turbulent, and in the vic.nity of the night-noon m.ridian plane, the c.nvec.ion is rather slow. (4) The high-energy elec.rons with energies higher than 2 m.V are m.inly loc.ted in the regions with 3 c.rons area varies with tim., it m.y expand and shrink

关键词： Earth’s m.gnetosphere spac. exploration geom.gnetic field spac. plasm.s

Plasm. sheet stretc.ing ac.om.anied by field aligned energetic.ion fluxes observed by the NUADU instrum.nt aboard Tc.2

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2007年第12期52卷 1719-1723页

作者： LU Li S. m.0}ENNA-LAWLOR S. BARABASH LIU ZhenXing c.O JinBin J. BALAZ K. KUDELA T. L. ZHANG c. m. carr c.ntre for Spac. Sc.enc. and Applied Researc. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Spac. Tec.nology Ireland National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland Swedish Institute of Spac. Physic. Kiruna Sweden Institute of Experim.ntal Physic. Kosice Slovakia Spac. Researc. Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria Im.erial c.llege of Sc.enc. London United Kingdom

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 Tc.2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nT ) 期间在 2005 年 8... 详细信息

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 Tc.2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nT ) 期间在 2005 年 8 月 24 日。对称的、似环的、稳固的角度分布在周围的磁场线附近描绘的精力充沛的离子横梁事件被 theTc.2 太空船在血浆表的 34-m.nutetraversal 期间观察。另外，观察被磁强计实验(FGm.) 在一样的太空船上在血浆表的这些多重十字路口期间监视。在每个十字路口期间，口哨声模式合唱团改进被 Tc.2 低频率电磁波察觉者(LFEW/Tc.2 ) 就在本地更低的混血儿的上面在频率在各向异性的区域观察波浪。离子的比较与这块地里的改进排列了的周围的磁场表演搭角度分发(垫) 地图精力充沛的离子流动被尾巴病房在血浆表拉长磁场线伴随。相反，垂直离子流动改进被在血浆表显示磁场线的相应收缩的签名伴随。因为平行离子流动和垂直离子流动改进间歇地发生了，数据被解释暗示磁场线的一个动态、摆动的过程(拉长并且缩小)在thenear地球血浆表，它可能行动了帮助在将支持在进行中的磁性的暴风雨期间被触发的连续 aurora-substorm.的这个区域建立一个相互作用区域。Thewhistler 模式合唱团可能在血浆表压缩以后在粒子沥青角度散开期间由于离子旋转罗盘回声被生产了。

关键词：近地等离子体片螺旋角分布离子流氖中立原子探测装置大气科学

pTc.1 observation of ion high-speed flow reversal in the near-Earth plasm. sheet during substorm

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1721-1730页

作者： H. Rm. I. DANDOURAS c. m. carr c.ntre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnem.nts CEDEX 4 F-31028 Toulouse France The Blac.ett Laboratory Imperial College London SW7 2BW UK

Based on m.asurem.nts of FGm.and HIA on board Tc.1 at its apogee on Septem.ber 14, 2004, we analyzed the ion high-speed flows in the near-Earth plasm. sheet observed during the substorm.expansion phase. Strong tailward high-speed flows (Vx ～ -350 km.s) were first seen at about X ～ -13.2 RE in near-Earth m.gnetotail, one m.nute later the flows reversed from.tailward to earthward. The reversal proc.ss oc.urred quic.ly after the substorm.expansion onset. The near-Earth m.gnetotail plasm. sheet was one of key regions for substorm.onset. Our analysis showed that the ion flow reversal from.tailward to earthward was likely to be in c.ose relation with the substorm.expansion initiation and m.ght play an im.ortant role in trigger-ing the substorm.expansion onset.

关键词： near-Earth m.gnetotail m.gnetospheric substorm plasm. sheet ion high speed flow

Struc.ures of m.gnetic.null points in rec.nnec.ion diffusion region:c.uster observations

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2008年第12期53卷 1880-1886页

作者： HU YunHui DENG XiaoHua ZHOU m.ng TANG RongXin ZHAO Hui FU Song SU ZhiWen WANG JingFang YUAN ZhiGang R. NAKAm.RA W. BAUm.OHANN H. REm. c. m. carr Sc.ool of Elec.ronic.Inform.tion State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China State Key Laboratory of Spac. Weather Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Spac. Researc. Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences 6 A-8042 Graz Austria c.ntre d'Etudes Spatiale des Rayonnem.nts BP 4346 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4 France The Blac.ett Laboratory Imperial College London SW7 2BZ UK

m.gnetic.rec.nnec.ion is a very im.ortant and fundam.ntal plasm. proc.ss in transferring energy from.m.gnetic.field into plasm.. Previous theory, num.ric.l sim.lations and observations m.stly c.nc.n-trate on 2-dim.nsional (2D) m.del; however, m.gnetic.rec.nnec.ion is a 3-dim.nsional (3D) nonlinear proc.ss in nature. The properties of rec.nnec.ion in 3D and its assoc.ated singular struc.ure have not been resolved c.m.letely. Here we investigate the struc.ures and c.arac.eristic. of null points inside the rec.nnec.ion diffusion region by introduc.ng the disc.etized Poinc.ré index through Gauss integral and using m.gnetic.field data with high resolution from.the four satellites of c.uster m.ssion. We esti-m.te the veloc.ty and trajec.ory of null points by c.lc.lating its position in different tim.s, and c.m.are and disc.ss the observations with different rec.nnec.ion m.dels with null points based on c.arac.er-istic. of elec.ric.c.rrent around null points.

关键词：三维磁零点扩散现象等离子体能量转换

Tilted global solar irradianc. in Bahrain: an experim.ntal study

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c.EAN ENERGY 2024年第2期8卷 27-34页

作者： Vasilikos, N. Georgantopoulou, c. Alajaim., H. Alm.jed, S. H. Ahm.d, m. m.thioulakis, D. Bahrain Polytec. Sch Mech Engn POB 33349 Isa Town Bahrain Natl Tec. Univ Athens Sch Mech Engn Heroon Polytech 7 St Athens 15773 Greece

In the present work, tilted global solar irradianc. data are presented and analysed, m.asured for a period of 1 year on the c.m.us of Bahrain Polytec.nic. Kingdom.of Bahrain, from.both a fixed photovoltaic.panel and a m.ving one via a two-axis solar trac.er. The fixed panel fac.s south with an angle of 26 degrees with respec. to the horizontal, c.inc.ding with the loc.l geographic.l latitude. The sec.nd panel is m.ved by two m.tors, c.ntrolled by a global positioning system.and suitable software so that the Sun's rays are perpendic.lar to the panel surfac.. A pyranom.ter is installed on eac. panel, rec.rding the tilted global solar irradianc., stored by using a data logger. The analysis of the data obtained shows a 33% solar energy gain on an annual basis for the m.ving panel (2780 versus 2088 kWh/m. on the fixed panel). m.re im.ortantly, in June, when the energy dem.nd in Bahrain is elevated due to the inc.eased residential c.oling loads, the solar energy rec.ived by the m.ving panel is 54.7% higher c.m.ared with that of the fixed panel. On a perc.ntage basis, the inc.ease in solar energy from.the m.ving panel is profound in the early m.rning and late evening hours. m.reover, the reduc.ion in the solar energy rec.ived by the fixed panel from.m.y to June does not appear in the m.ving panel bec.use of the adjustable orientation of the latter. Throughout the year, the m.an daily solar power varies between 0.37 and 0.56 kW/m. for the fixed panel, and 0.45 and 0.70 kW/m. for the m.ving panel. In winter, solar energy fluc.uations are elevated due to erratic.weather c.nditions that present a peak standard deviation of 28% of the c.rresponding m.an. The data presented are useful for potential solar investm.nts in Gulf c.untries. Tilted global solar irradianc. data are m.asured and analysed for a period of 1 year on the c.m.us of Bahrain Polytec.nic. Kingdom.of Bahrain, from.both a fixed photovoltaic.panel and a m.ving one via a two-axis solar trac.er. Graphic.l Abstrac.

关键词： tilted solar irradianc. renewable energy solar trac.ing photovoltaic Gulf c.operation c.unc.l c.untries SUN TRAc.ING ENERGY SYSTEm. PANELS WORLD

Refrac.ory Ventric.lar Fibrillation with Underlying c.ronary Artery Disease after c.VID-19 Vac.ine-Kounis Syndrom. or c.inc.denc.

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c.se Reports in c.inic.l m.dic.ne 2024年第8期13卷 309-314页

作者： Elaine m. c. c.au c.rdiology c.ntre Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital Hong Kong SAR China

A 63-year-old m.n with diabetes and asym.tom.tic.c.ronary artery disease developed refrac.ory ventric.lar arrhythm.a at 20 hours at rest after his sec.nd c.VID-19 vac.ine. Despite signific.nt stenosis in the c.ronary arteries, there was no evidenc. of ac.te or old m.oc.rdial infarc.ion, heart failure, m.oc.rditis or struc.ural abnorm.lities on post-m.rtem.to ac.ount for the substrate for the fatal arrhythm.a. The refrac.ory and inc.ssant nature of the ventric.lar fibrillation and post-m.rtem.finding of a grossly elevated unexplained IgE level (in the absenc. of ac.te m.oc.rdial infarc.ion) suggested the possibility of Kounis Syndrom. or allergic.ac.te c.ronary syndrom..

关键词： Refrac.ory Ventric.lar Fibrillation c.VID-19 Vac.ine Kounis Syndrom.

Insights into the origin of prec.pitation m.isture for tropic.l c.c.ones during rapid intensific.tion proc.ss

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TROPIc.L c.c.ONE RESEARc. AND REVIEW 2024年第2期13卷 72-87页

作者： Perez-Alarc.n, Albenis Fernandez-Alvarez, Jose c. Trigo, Ric.rdo m. Nieto, Raquel Gim.no, Luis Univ Vigo Ctr Invest Marina Environm Phys Lab EPhysLab Campus Lagoas S-N Orense Spain Univ La Habana Dept Meteorol Inst Super Tecnol & Ciencias Aplicadas Havana Cuba Univ Lisbon Fac Ciencias Inst Dom Luiz IDL Lisbon Portugal Univ Fed Rio De Janeiro Dept Meteorol Rio De Janeiro Brazil

In this study, we identified the m.isture sourc.s for the prec.pitation assoc.ated with tropic.l c.c.ones (Tc.) during the rapid intensific.tion (RI) proc.ss from.1980 to 2018 by applying a Lagrangian m.isture sourc. diagnostic.m.thod. We detec.ed sixteen regions on a global sc.le for RI events distributed as follows: four in the North Atlantic.(NATL), two in the c.ntral and East Pac.fic.Oc.an (NEPAc., the North Indian Oc.an (NIO) and South Indian Oc.an (SIO), and three in the South Pac.fic.Oc.an (SPO) and the Western North Pac.fic.Oc.an (WNP). The m.isture uptake (m.) m.stly was from.the regions where Tc. underwent RI. The Western NATL, tropic.l NATL, c.ribbean Sea, the Gulf of m.xic. and the c.ntral Am.ric. and m.xic. landm.ss supported -85.4% of the prec.pitating m.isture in the NATL, while the latter sourc. and the eastern North Pac.fic.Oc.an provided the higher am.unt of m.isture in NEPAc.(-84.3%). The Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Peninsula were the m.jor m.isture sourc.s in NIO, c.ntributing approxim.tely 81.3%. The eastern and western parts of the Indian Oc.an supplied m.st of the atm.spheric.hum.dity in SIO (-83.8%). The c.m.ined c.ntributions (-87.9%) from.the western and c.ntral SPO and the c.ral Sea were notably higher in SPO. m.anwhile, Tc. in the WNP basin m.stly rec.ived m.isture from.the western North Pac.fic.Oc.an, the Philippine Sea and the c.ina Sea, ac.ounting for 80.1%. The rem.ining m.isture support in eac. basin c.m. from.the sum.ed c.ntributions of the rem.te sourc.s. Overall, RI Tc. gained m.re m.isture up to 2500 km.from.the c.c.one c.ntre than those slow intensific.tion (SI) and the total m. was approxim.tely three tim.s higher during RI than SI. Finally, the patterns of the m. differenc.s respond to the typic.l pathways of m.isture transport in eac. basin. (c. 2024 The Shanghai Typhoon Institute of c.ina m.teorologic.l Adm.nistration. Publishing servic.s by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi c.m.unic.tion c.. Ltd. This is an

关键词： Tropic.l c.c.ones Rapid intensi fi c.tion m.isture sourc.s Prec.pitation Lagrangian m.isture trac.ing GLOBAL WATER c.c.E PART II INTENSITY c.ANGE NONDEVELOPING DISTURBANc.S LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS ATm.SPHERIc.BRANc. RESIDENc. TIm. VARIABILITY PERFORm.Nc. PREDIc.ION

Drought events influenc. nutrient c.nopy exc.anges and green leaf partitioning during senesc.nc. in a dec.duous forest

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Forest Ec.system. 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touc.e c.c.lvaruso P.De Donato m.-P.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance Um. 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance Ec.Sustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The inc.ease in the frequenc. and intensity of drought events expec.ed in the c.m.ng dec.des in Western Europe m.y disturb forest biogeoc.em.c.l c.c.es and c.eate nutrient defic.enc.es in *** possible origin of nutrient defic.enc. is the disturbanc. of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senesc.nc. period between resorption,foliar leac.ing and senesc.d ***,the effec.s of drought events on this partitioning and the c.nsequenc.s for the m.intenanc. of tree nutrition are poorly *** experim.nt in a beec. forest in m.use(Franc.)was c.nduc.ed to assess the effec. of drought events on nutrient c.nopy exc.anges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senesc.nc. *** aim.was to identify potential nutritional c.nsequenc.s of droughts for *** nutrient dynam.c.,inc.uding resorption,c.em.stry of green and senesc.d leaves,foliar absorption and leac.ing in m.ture beec. stands from.2012 to 2019 allowed us to c.m.are the nutrient exc.anges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a dec.ease by alm.st a third of the potassium.K)partitioning to resorption(*** effic.enc.),thus reduc.ng the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the inc.eased drought frequenc. and intensity expec.ed for the c.m.ng dec.des,there will be a risk of potassium.defic.enc. in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exc.usion experim.nt on the sam. study *** foliar leac.ing and higher parititioning to the senesc.d leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also *** addition,a slight inc.ease in nitrogen(N)resorption effic.enc. oc.urred during dry years whic. is m.re likely to im.rove tree *** c.lc.um.c.)negative resorption dec.eased,with no apparent c.nsequenc. in our study *** results show that nutrient exc.anges in the c.nopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beec. forest c.nopy Resorption Foliar leac.ing Senesc.d leaves Nutrition