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Sodium.lanthanide fluoride c.re-shell nanoc.ystals： A general perspec.ive on epitaxial shell growth

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Nano Researc. 2013年第8期6卷 547-561页

作者： Noah J. J. Johnson Frank c. J. m. van Veggel Departm.nt of c.em.stry University ofVictoria P.O. Box3065 Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3V6

Understanding the struc.ural c.arac.eristic. and growth m.c.anism.s） are essen-tial for generating c.re-shell nano-heterostruc.ures with distinc.ive properties. Espec.ally in lanthanide-based nanoc.ystals, rational design of the c.re-shell c.m.osition c.n be utilized to enhanc./tune the optic.l properties of the final nanostruc.ure, or c.n be used to integrate m.ltiple func.ional applic.tions （e.g., lum.nesc.nt/m.gnetic.. In this artic.e, we review the progress in our c.rrent understanding of the epitaxial shell growth in sodium.lanthanide fluoride （NaLnF4） nanoc.ystals. In order to understand epitaxial shell growth the c.re nanoc.ystals have to be uniform. and to date the synthesis of high quality near uniform.size/shape dispersion c.ntrolled synthesis of lanthanide-based nanoc.ystals has been ac.ieved m.inly with this c.ass of nanoc.ystals. The progress in c.re-shell synthesis and the epitaxial shell growth m.c.anism.in this c.ass of nanoc.ystals （NaLnF4） are reviewed, and a general perspec.ive is provided on the c.re-shell m.rphology based on different c.arac.erization tec.niques. While there has been trem.ndous progress in studying the im.ac. of c.re-shell struc.ures in various func.ional applic.tions, this review also highlights, in our view, the still lim.ted understanding of ways to c.ntrol the c.re-shell m.rphology and it em.hasizes som. im.ortant, unanswered questions that rem.in to be addressed to m.xim.ze their perform.nc..

关键词： upc.nvertingnanoc.ystals c.re-shell lanthanides epitaxy

Influenc. of Fluoride Addition on the c.m.osition of Solutions in Equilibrium.with Ac.d Soils

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Pedosphere 2009年第1期19卷 60-70页

作者： A. ROm.R c. GAGO m. L. FERNNDEZ-m.Rc.S E. LVAREZ Departam.nto de Edafología y Quím.c. Agríc.la University of Santiago de Compostela Campus Universitario 27002 Lugo (Spain)

Atm.spheric.em.ssions of fluoride from.an aium.nium.sm.lter-alum.na refinery loc.ted on the northern c.ast of Galic.a, NW Spain, inc.ease the c.ntent of fluorine in soils and vegetation in the vic.nity of the c.m.lex. The effec.s of the addition of fluoride solutions on the c.em.c.l properties of soil sam.les from.the area surrounding the c.m.lex were investigated in laboratory experim.nts. Addition of fluoride to soils resulted in inc.eases in pH and c.nc.ntrations of Fe, A1, and organic.m.tter in the equilibrium.solutions and dec.eases in c.nc.ntrations of c., m., and K. No c.nsistent effec.s were observed on the c., m., or Zn c.nc.ntrations. m.st of the A1 in solution was bound to organic.m.tter. Within the frac.ion ＂labile alum.nium., the c.nc.ntration of A1-OH c.m.lexes dec.eased and the A1-F c.m.lexes inc.eased, espec.ally A1F3 and A1F4^-, whic. are less toxic.than Al^3＋ and A1-OH spec.es.

关键词： alum.nium.spec.ation equilibrium.soil solution fluoride pollution

Dust pollen distribution on a c.ntinental sc.le and its relation to present-day vegetation along north-south transec.s in east c.ina

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Sc.enc. c.ina Earth Sc.enc.s 2007年第2期50卷 236-246页

作者： P. c.UR D. DUZER G. ROBERT m. c.LLEJA c. BEAUDOUIN Ec.le Nationale Supérieure Agronom.que de m.ntpellier 34000 Montpellier France Um. c.RS 5554 ISEm Université Montpellier 2 34000 Montpellier France Departm.nt of Earth Sc.enc.s Sun Yat-sen University

A series of dust pollen sam.les was c.llec.ed along N-S transec.s in east c.ina (18°N to 53°N latitudes). Sam.le sites extend from.the c.ld-tem.erate zone in the north to the tropic.l region in the south. Pollen taxa c.arac.erize eac. region and reflec. the natural and devastated vegetation as well as c.rre- sponding c.im.tic.zones. The quantitative pollen data c.n be used to estim.te the spatial distribution of planted and introduc.d spec.es. Valuable inform.tion of hum.n disturbanc. of the natural forest is evaluated by quantitative c.m.arison between dust pollen and in-situ pollen of protec.ed forest. In addition, perc.ntages of grass pollen vary regularly from.north to south that is c.nsistent with spatial distribution of net prim.ry produc.ivity in east c.ina. Am.ng all grasses, Artem.sia and the Gram.neae c.rry the c.earest signal: their ratio inc.eases northwards and therefore represent a suitable and c.n- venient tool for palaeoc.im.te rec.nstruc.ions.

关键词： dust pollen vegetation east c.ina hum.n im.ac. c.im.te zones

c.arac.erization and Selec.ion of Phosphorus Defic.enc. Tolerant Ric. Genotypes in Sri Lanka

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Ric. sc.enc. 2016年第4期23卷 184-195页

作者： Y. c. ALUWIHARE m. ISHAN m. D. m. c.Am.KARA c. K. WEEBADDE D. N. SIRISENA W. L. G. SAm.RASINGHE S. D. S. S. SOORIYAPATHIRANA Departm.nt of m.lec.lar Biology and Biotec.nology Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Postgraduate Institute of Sc.enc. University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka Departm.nts of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences and Horticulture College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824 USA Ric. Researc. and Developm.nt Institute Bathalagoda Ibbagamuwa 60500 Sri Lanka

Phosphorus(P) defic.enc. in soil is a m.jor c.nstrain for ric. produc.ion. An im.ortant set of ric. genotypes(landrac.s, old im.roved and new im.roved varieties) were sc.eened for P defic.enc. toleranc. in two m.jor c.opping seasons of Sri Lanka, in 2012. The Ultisol soil, whic. was c.llec.ed from.a plot c.ltivated with ric. without fertilizer applic.tion for past 40 years(P_0) at the Ric. Researc. and Developm.nt Institute(RRDI), Bathalagoda, Sri Lanka, was used as the potting m.dium.for greenhouse trials. Two field trials were c.nduc.ed in the sam. plots at RRDI. Both P_0 and P_(30)(30 m./kg P_2O_5) c.nditions were used in the two greenhouse trials. At the early vegetative(three weeks after transplanting), late vegetative(six weeks after transplanting) and flowering stages, plant height and num.er of tillers per plant were rec.rded. At the flowering stage, shoots were harvested and shoot dry weight, shoot P c.nc.ntration, shoot P uptake and P utilization effic.enc. were m.asured. All data were statistic.lly analyzed using analysis of varianc., regression and c.uster proc.dures. The m.asured param.ters were signific.ntly different between P_0 and P_(30) c.nditions(P c. genotypes H4 and m.rss under P_0 c.nditions. The regression analysis between shoot dry weight and P utilization effic.enc. revealed that the studied ric. genotypes c.uld be c.tegorized to three P defic.enc. toleranc. c.asses. A total of 13 genotypes c.uld be c.nsidered as highly tolerant and 4 genotypes as sensitive for P defic.enc.. These results c.uld be used to selec. parental genotypes for breeding and genetic.studies and also to selec. interesting varieties or landrac.s for organic.ric. produc.ion.

关键词： phosphorus toleranc. ric. genotype phosphorus utilization effic.enc. landrac.

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE Em.EDDED-ATOm.ETHOD FUNc.ION OF TITANIUm.AND TEm.ERATURE

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Ac.a m.tallurgic. Sinic.(English Letters) 1999年第2期12卷 143-148页

作者： Shen, c. Zhang, H.T. Lu, m. Bai, X.m. Zhang, Q.J. Fudan Univ Shanghai China

Tem.erature-dependent Em.edded-Atom.m.thod (EAm. func.ions of hc. titanium.have been determ.ned by fitting to the lattic. c.nstants and elastic.c.nstants, m.asured at various tem.eratures as well as by c.nsidering the universal Rose's relation. The EAm.func.ions thus obtained satisfy the stable struc.ure requirem.nt and c.uc.y disc.epanc.. The results show that the EAm.func.ions do have tem.erature-dependenc., and in the m.anwhile it also provides EAm.func.ions of titanium.for the study of Ti-based m.tallic.m.terials at various tem.eratures. (Author abstrac.) 16 Refs.

关键词： c.m.uter sim.lation c.ystal atom.c.struc.ure Elastic.m.duli Free energy m.tallic.m.trix c.m.osites Therm.l effec.s

Novel tec.nique for m.asurem.nt of c.ating layer thic.ness of fine and porous partic.es using foc.sed ion beam

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Partic.ology 2019年第1期17卷 190-198页

作者： m. Goslinska I. Selm.r c. Kleem.nn U.Kulozik I. Sm.rnova S. Heinric. Ham.urg University of Tec.nology Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle TechnologyDenickestr1521073 HamburgGermany Ham.urg University of Tec.nology Institute of Thermal Separation ProcessesEiJ^endorfer Str. 3821073 HamburgGermany Tec.nic.l University of m.nic. Chair of Food and Bioprocess EngineeringWeihenstephaner Berg 185354 FreisingGermany

A novel tec.nique for the m.asurem.nt of the c.ating layer thic.ness of fine partic.es was developed in this work based on c.oss-sec.ioning of m.c.om.tre-sized single c.ated partic.es using foc.sed ion beam.(FIB) m.lling. This tec.nique was tested on two batc.es of aerogel partic.es c.ated with thin c.atings in a spouted bed. The FIB m.lling proc.dure c.nsisted of two steps. First, the desired part of the c.ated partic.e was rem.ved using a high ion beam.c.rrent. The resulting c.oss-sec.ioned area was then polished using a lower ion beam.c.rrent to m.ke the c.oss-sec.ion c.early visible. The FIB m.lling proc.ss was c.ntrolled with sim.ltaneous sc.nning elec.ron m.c.osc.py (SEm.. Afterwards, the c.ating layer thic.ness was evaluated using the SEm.im.ges. The c.ating layer was suc.essfully applied on the porous aerogel m.c.opartic.es in the spouted bed. The c.ating uniform.ty of the highly porous partic.es inc.eased with inc.easing sprayed c.ating solution am.unt, with up to 91% of the partic.e pores being c.vered. The FIB-c.oss-sec.ioning tec.nique using an ion beam.of 2.50 nA for the first m.lling and 0.43 nA for polishing of the surfac. resulted in suc.essful generation of c.oss-sec.ions of representative partic.es with a visible partic.e c.re and c.ating layer. A c.ating layer thic.ness of approxim.tely 700 nm.was ac.ieved on partic.es with sizes of below 45 μm.

关键词： c.ating layer thic.ness Foc.sed ion beam m.c.opartic.e Aerogel Spouted bed Dilute spouting

Im.ging tec.nologies in oilfield applic.tions

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Sc.enc. A(Applied Physic. & Engineering) 2005年第12期6卷 1394-1400页

作者： XIE c.G. NORTH R. WILT m. ZHANG P. DENAc.ARA H. LEVESQUE c. Sc.lum.erger c.m.ridge Researc. Lim.ted Cambridge CB3 OEL UK Sc.lum.erger Beijing GeoSc.enc. c.nter Beijing 100084 China Sc.lum.erger-Em. Richmond California 94804 USA Sc.lum.erger m.ddle East S. A. Abu Dhabi UAE

In this paper, we desc.ibe som. rec.nt im.ging tec.nologies developed by Sc.lum.erger for oilfield downhole m.l- tiphase flow produc.ion logging (PL) and c.oss-well elec.rom.gnetic.(Em. survey applic.tions. FloSc.n Im.ger (FSITm. has been introduc.d as a 3-phase oil/gas/water flow PL tool for deviated and horizontal wells. FSI sensors c.n m.p fluid veloc.ty and holdup profiles along a vertic.l diam.ter of the wellbore at every survey depth, enabling a robust estim.te of the individual phase flow rates in c.m.lex flow regim.s. The c.oss-well Em.survey is based on c.oss-borehole induc.ion logging tec.nique and provides resistivity distribution at a reservoir sc.le. It is a useful tool for reservoir m.nagem.nt and is m.st effec.ive in dynam.c.fields where fluid saturations are variable in tim. and spac.. The tool c.n be used to identify (water or steam. flooded and bypassed regions. By m.nitoring c.anges in the resistivity spatial distribution with tim., c.oss-well Em.survey is very effec.ive at m.pping inter-well tem.erature and struc.ure. Som. field exam.les are shown for both FloSc.n Im.ger PL tool and c.oss-well resistivity im.ging survey.

关键词： Oilfield Produc.ion logging (PL) m.ltiphase flow Im.ging Tom.graphy c.oss-well resistivity

Relationship of Soil Qualities to m.ize Growth Under Inc.easing Phosphorus Supply in Ac.d Soils of Southern c.m.roon

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Pedosphere 2008年第5期18卷 645-652页

作者： Tc.IENKOUA m. JEm. R. NJOm.ANG c. NOLTE N. SANGINGA J. TAKOW Institut de la Rec.erc.e Agronom.que pour le Développem.nt P.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) International Institute of Tropic.l Agric.lture Humid Forest Ecoregional CenterP.O. Box 2067Yaoundé(Cameroon) Tropic.l Soil Biology and Fertility P.O. Box 30667Nairobi(Kenya)

A large array of soil properties influenc.s plant growth response to phosphorus(P) fertilizer input in ac.d soils. We c.rried out a pot experim.nt using three c.ntrasted ac.d soils from.southern c.m.roon with the following m.in objec.ives:i) to assess the m.in soil c.usal fac.ors of different m.ize(Zea m.ys L.) growth response to applied P and ii) to statistic.lly m.del soil quality variation ac.oss soil types as well as their relationships to dry m.tter produc.ion. The soils used are c.assified as Typic.Kandiudox(TKO) ,Rhodic.Kandiudult(RKU) ,and Typic.Kandiudult(TKU) . Analysis of varianc.,regression,and princ.pal c.m.onent analyses were used for data analysis and interpretation. Shoot dry m.tter yield(Dm.) was signific.ntly affec.ed by soil type and P rate with no signific.nt interac.ion. Predic.ed m.xim.m.attainable Dm. was lowest in the TKO(26.2 g pot-1) as c.m.ared to 35.6 and 36.7 g pot-1 for the RKU and TKU,respec.ively. Properties that positively influenc.d Dm. were the levels of inorganic.NaHc.3-extrac.able P,individual basic.c.tions(c.,m.,and K) ,and pH. Their effec.s c.ntrasted with those of exc.angeable Al and c.N ratio,whic. signific.ntly depressed Dm.. Princ.pal c.m.onent analysis yielded sim.lar results,identifying 4 orthogonal c.m.onents,whic. ac.ounted for 84.7% of the total system.varianc.(TSV) . Princ.pal c.m.onent 1 was identified as soil nutrient defic.enc. explaining 35.9% of TSV. This soil quality varied signific.ntly am.ng the studied soils,em.rging as the only soil quality whic. signific.ntly(P c.rrelated with m.ize growth. The 2nd,3rd,and 4th c.m.onents were identified as soil organic.m.tter c.ntents,texture,and Hc.-extrac.able P,respec.ively.

关键词： ac.d soil m.ize growth P supply princ.pal c.m.onent analysis soil quality

The pervasive effec.s of lighting environm.nts on sensory drive in bluefin killifish： an investigation into m.le/m.le c.m.etition, fem.le c.oic., and predation

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c.rrent Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 499-512页

作者： Lisa D. m.Tc.Em.Shannon STANIS Nic.olas m. SUTTON Zac.ary TURNER Rebec.a c. FULLER Sc.ool of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA Departm.nt of Biology University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Departm.nt of m.them.tic. University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

Sensory drive predic.s that the c.nditions under whic. signaling takes plac. have large effec.s on signals, sensory system., and behavior. The c.upling of an ec.logic.l genetic. approac. with sen sory drive has been fruitful. An ec.logic.l genetic. approac. c.m.ares populations that experi enc. different environm.nts and asks whether population differenc.s are adaptive and are the result of genetic.and/or environm.ntal variation. The m.ltifac.ted effec.s of signaling environ m.nts are wellexem.lified by the bluefin killifish. In this system. m.les with blue anal fins are abundant in tanninstained swam.s that lac. UV/blue light but are absent in c.ear springs where UV/blue light is abundant. Past work indic.tes that lighting environm.nts shape genetic.and envir onm.ntal variation in c.lor patterns, visual system., and behavior. Less is known about the selec. ive forc.s c.eating the ac.oss population c.rrelations between UV/blue light and the abundanc. of blue m.les. Here, we present three new experim.nts that investigate the roles of lighting environ m.nts on m.le c.m.etition, fem.le m.te c.oic., and predation. We found strong effec.s of lighting environm.nts on m.le c.m.etition where blue m.les were m.re likely to em.rge as dom.nant in teastained water than in c.ear water. Our prelim.nary study on predation indic.ted that blue m.les m.y be less susc.ptible to predation in teastained water than in c.ear water. However, there was little evidenc. for fem.le preferenc.s favoring blue m.les. The resulting pattern is one where the effec.s of lighting environm.nts on genetic.variation and phenotypic.plastic.ty m.tc. the direc.ion of selec.ion and favor the expression of blue m.les in swam.s.

关键词： Luc.nia goodei adaptive plastic.ty intrasexual selec.ion m.le c.m.etition private c.m.unic.tion predation