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Endoc.ine stress response of Eastern Fenc. Lizards in fire-disturbed landsc.pes

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 643-650页

作者： m.c.ael G.IAc.HETTA K.Nic.ole m.LONER c.m.gienger Departm.nt of Biology and c.nter of Exc.llenc. for Field Biology Austin Peay State University ClarksvilleTNUSA Departm.nt of Forestry and Natural Resourc.s Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Departm.nt of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTNUSA

Landsc.pe disturbanc.s c.n alter habitat struc.ure and resourc. availability,often induc.ng physiologic.l responses by organism. to c.pe with the c.anging *** the endoc.ine stress response through m.asurem.nt of gluc.c.rtic.ids has bec.m. an inc.easingly c.m.on m.thod for determ.ning how organism. physiologic.lly respond to c.allenges im.osed by their *** tested the hypothesis that Eastern Fenc. Lizards c.pe with fire disturbanc. effec.s by m.dulating their sec.etion of c.rtic.sterone(c.RT).We m.asured the baseline and stress-induc.d plasm. c.RT of m.le Eastern Fenc. Lizards in a c.ronosequenc. of fire-altered habitats(rec.ntly burned,rec.vering from.burn,and unburned).Although habitat use by lizards differed am.ng burn treatm.nts,inc.uding differenc.s in use of c.nopy c.ver,leaf litter,and vegetation c.m.osition,we did not detec. a signific.nt effec. of fire-induc.d habitat alteration on plasm. c.RT c.nc.ntration or on body *** addition,we found no effec. of blood draw treatm.nt(baseline or stress-induc.d),body tem.erature,body c.ndition,or tim. taken to c.llec. blood sam.les on c.nc.ntration of plasm. *** intensity burns,whic. are typic.l of presc.ibed fire,m.y not be a suffic.ent stressor to alter c.RT sec.etion in Eastern Fenc. Lizards(at least during the breeding season).Instead,lizards m.y avoid allostatic.overload using behavioral responses and by selec.ing m.c.osites within their environm.nt that perm.t therm.regulatory opportunities nec.ssary for optim.l perform.nc. and energy assim.lation.

关键词： endoc.ine response fire ec.logy habitat alteration presc.ibed fire reptile Sc.loporus undulatus

Detec.ing trends in body size: em.iric.l and statistic.l requirem.nts for intraspec.fic.analyses

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 493-497页

作者： c.m.gienger Ned A.DOc.TERm.NN c.Ric.ard TRAc. Departm.nt of Biology Center of Excellence for Field BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTNUSA Departm.nt of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s North Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA Departm.nt of Biology Program in EcologyEvolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNVUSA

Attributing biologic.l explanations to observed ec.geographic.l and ec.logic.l patterns require elim.nating potential statistic.l and sam.ling artifac.s as alternative explanations of the observed ***,we assess the role of sam.le size,statistic.l power,and geographic.inc.usivity on the general validity and statistic.l signific.nc. of relationships between body size and latitude for 3 well-studied spec.es of *** extend those analyses to em.hasize the im.ortanc. of using statistic.lly robust data in determ.ning m.c.oec.logic.l *** exam.ned intraspec.fic.trends in body size with latitude in c.elydra serpentina,c.rysem.s pic.a,and Trac.em.s sc.ipts using Pearson's c.rrelations,diagnostic.tests for influential points,and *** data were insuffic.ent to asc.rtain a latitudinal trend in body size for *** or *** was a signific.nt relationship for ***,however,resam.ling analyses show that,on average,16 of the 23 available independent populations were needed to dem.nstrate a signific.nt relationship and that at least 20 of 23 populations were required to obtain a statistic.lly powerful c.rrelation between body size and ***,restric.ing the latitudes of populations resam.led shows that body size trends of *** were largely due to leveraging effec.s of populations at the edge of the spec.es *** results suggest that broad inferenc.s regarding ec.logic.l trends in body size should be m.de with c.ution until underlying(intraspec.fic.patterns in body size c.n be statistic.lly and c.nc.usively dem.nstrated.

关键词： Bergm.nn's rule geographic variation m.c.oec.logy resam.ling sensitivity analysis statistic.l power turtle

Every breath you take:assessing m.tabolic.c.sts of toxin resistanc. in garter snakes(Tham.ophis)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 567-580页

作者： Haley A.m.NIZ m.lly A.RIc.ARD c.m.gienger c.ris R.FELDm.N Departm.nt of Biology University of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA Program.in Ec.logy Evolution and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA Departm.nt of Biology and c.nter of Exc.llenc. for Field Biology Austin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA

Trait spec.alization often c.m.s at the expense of original trait func.ion,potentially c.using evolutionary tradeoffs that m.y render spec.alist populations vulnerable to ***,m.ny spec.alized adaptations evolve repeatedly,suggesting selec.ion favors spec.alization in spec.fic.*** garter snake(Tham.ophis)populations possess spec.alized m.tations in voltage-gated sodium.c.annels that allow them.to c.nsum. Pac.fic.newts(Taric.a)defended by a highly potent neurotoxin(tetrodotoxin).These m.tations,however,also dec.ease protein and m.sc.e func.ion,suggesting garter snakes m.y suffer evolutionary *** m.asured a key physiologic.l proc.ss,standard m.tabolic.rate(Sm.),to investigate whether spec.alized adaptations in toxin-resistant garter snakes affec. baseline energy *** snakes,skeletal m.sc.es influenc. m.tabolism.and power ventilation,so ineffic.enc.es of sodium.c.annels in these m.sc.es m.ght im.ac. whole-anim.l energy ***,bec.use sodium.c.annels are m.m.rane-bound proteins,ineffic.enc.es of c.annel kinetic. and perform.nc. m.ght be exac.rbated at suboptim.l *** m.asured Sm. in 2 spec.es,Tham.ophis atratus and Tham.ophis sirtalis,that independently evolved tetrodotoxin resistanc. through unique m.tations,providing replic.te experim.nts with distinc. underlying genetic. and potential physiologic.l *** our expec.ations,neither resistanc. phenotype nor sodium.c.annel genotype affec.ed m.tabolism.and resistant snakes did not perform.worse under suboptim.l body ***,*** and *** show nearly identic.l rates of m.ss-adjusted energy expenditure at both tem.eratures,despite differing ec.-m.rphologies,life histories,and distant phylogenetic.*** findings suggest Sm. m.y be a c.nserved feature of Tham.ophis,and that any organism.l tradeoffs m.y be c.m.ensated to retain whole-anim.l func.ion.

关键词： adaptation standard m.tabolic.rate tetrodotoxin toxin-resistanc. tradeoff

UV reflec.anc. but no evidenc. for c.lour m.m.c.y in a putative brood-dec.ptive orc.id c.rybas c.eesem.nii

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c.rrent Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 104-113页

作者： m. m. KELLY A. c. GASKETT Sc.ool of Biologic.l Sc.enc.s The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Rewardless orc.ids attrac. pollinators by food, sexual, and brood-site m.m.c.y, but other form. of sensory dec.ption m.y also operate. Helm.t orc.ids （c.rybas, Nem.toc.ras and related genera） are often assum.d to be brood-site dec.ivers that m.m.c.the c.lours and sc.nts of m.shroom. to fool fem.le fungus gnats （m.c.tophilidae） into attem.ting oviposition and polli- nating flowers. We sam.led spec.ral reflec.anc.s and volatile odours of an endem.c.terrestrial New Zealand orc.id c.rybas c.eesem.nii, and c.-oc.urring wild m.shroom.. The orc.id is sc.ntless to hum.ns and SPm. Gc.m. analyses did not detec. any odours, but m.re sensitive m.thods m.y be required. The orc.ids reflec.ed strongly ac.oss all visible wavelengths （300-700nm. with peaks in the UV （-320nm., yellow-green （500-600 nm. and red regions （650-700 nm., whereas m.shroom. and surrounding leaf litter reflec.ed predom.nantly red and no UV. Rather than m.m.c.ing m.shroom., these orc.ids m.y attrac. pollinators by exploiting insec.s＇ strong sensory bias for UV. m.delling spec.ral reflec.anc.s into a c.tegoric.l fly vision m.del and a generic.tetrac.rom.t vision m.del provided very different results, but neither suggest any m.m.c.y of m.shroom.. However, these m.dels require further assessm.nt and data on fly spec.ral sensitivity to red wavelengths is lac.ing - a problem.given the predom.nanc. of red, fly-pollinated flowers worldwide

关键词： Diptera c.lour spac. Fly pollination Orc.idac.ae Spec.ral reflec.anc. Visual m.delling

Hear no evil： The effec. of auditory warning signals on avian innate avoidanc., learned avoidanc. and m.m.ry

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 197-207页

作者： Em.a c. SIDDALL Nic.la m. m.RPLES Sc.ool of Natural Sc.enc.s Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

m.ny aposem.tic.insec. spec.es advertise their toxic.ty to potential predators using olfac.ory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produc. a m.ltim.dal warning display. The olfac.ory signals in these displays m.y have interesting effec.s, suc. as elic.ting innate avoidanc. against novel c.lored prey, or im.roving learning and m.m.ry of defended prey. However, little is known about the effec.s of suc. anc.llary signals when they are auditory rather than olfac.ory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided c.nflic.ing results. The c.rrent study sought to c.arify and extend understanding of the effec.s of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The dom.stic.c.ic. Gallus gallus dom.stic.s was used as a m.del avian predator to exam.ne how the defensive buzzing sound of a bum.lebee Bom.us terrestris affec.ed the c.ic.＇s innate avoidanc. behavior, and the learning and m.m.ry of prey avoidanc.. The results dem.nstrate that the buzzing sound had no effec. on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposem.tic.lly c.lored c.um.s, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris m.y provide no additional protec.ion from.avian predators .

关键词： Aposem.tism Auditory signals Dietary c.nservatism Avoidanc. learning m.m.rability m.ltim.dal signaling

The effec. of pyrazine odor on avoidanc. learning and m.m.ry in wild robins Erithac.s rubec.la

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c.rrent Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 208-214页

作者： Em.a c. SIDDALL Nic.la m. m.RPLES Sc.ool of Natural Sc.enc.s Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Toxic.insec.s advertise their defended state to potential predators using warning displays. Frequently these displays use c.es through m.re than one sensory m.dality, and c.m.ine c.lor, sm.ll and sound to produc. a m.ltim.dal warning display. Signalling through m.re than one sensory pathway m.y enhanc. the rate of avoidanc. learning, and the m.m.rability of the learned avoidanc.. A c.m.on insec. warning odor, pyrazine, has previously been shown to inc.ease the rate of learned avoidanc. of unpalatable yellow prey by dom.stic.c.ic.s （GaUus gallus dom.stic.s）, and the odor also im.roved m.m.ry of this learned avoidanc.. However, to date no researc. has exam.ned this response to pyrazine odor using wild birds under natural c.nditions. This study used wild robins （Erithac.s rubec.la） to investigate whether wild birds avoided yellow baits that sm.lled of pyrazine m.re strongly than those presented with no odor. The results provide som. evidenc. that pyrazine odor does inc.ease the level of protec.ion an aposem.tic.insec. gains from.a wild avian predator, but that the effec. of pyrazine on learned avoidanc. was m.c. weaker than was found with dom.stic.c.ic.s .

关键词： Aposem.tism Learned avoidanc. m.m.ry m.ltim.dal warning display Pyrazine Robins

Analysis of Rheologic.l Behavior of Som. Aqueous PEO Gels under Therm.l Treatm.nt

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c.inese Physic. Letters 2009年第7期26卷 362-365页

作者： m. Todic. and c. V. Pop Fac.lty of Physic. Babes-Bolyai University 400084 Cluj-Napoca Romania

Evolution of visc.sity of som. aqueous poly （ethylene oxide） gels is observed as func.ions of polym.ric.c.nc.ntration and tem.erature for sam.les subjec.ed to therm.l shoc.. The experim.ntal data are analyzed following an appropriate algorithm. and reveal the transient effec. from.Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow as a func.ion of the polym.ric.c.nc.ntration.

关键词： Soft m.tter liquids and polym.rs Fluid dynam.c.

Effec. of the textural properties of roc.s on their c.ushing and grinding features

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Journal of University of Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Beijing 2006年第5期13卷 385-392页

作者： B. Kekec.m. Unal c. Sensogut m.ning Engineering Departm.nt Selcuk University Konya Turkey m.ning Engineering Departm.nt Dumlupinar University Kutahya Turkey

To study the effec. of the textural properties of roc.s on their c.ushing feature, the distribution of partic.e size, the texture, grinding and c.ushing c.arac.eristic. of the roc.s were investigated, and the relations am.ng them.were then analyzed using statistic.l m.thods. The relations between the textural properties and the physic.l and m.c.anic.l features of roc.s were determ.ned.

关键词： roc. textural properties c.ushing grinding

One and Two Photon Exc.tation of Radiofrequenc. Trapped c.

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c.inese Journal of c.em.c.l Physic. 2009年第2期22卷 119-122页

作者： c. Zum.teg c. c.am.enois D. Guyom.rc.h G. Hagel m. Houssin m. Knoop Physique des Interac.ions Ioniques et m.léc.laires (c.RS Um. 6633) Université de Provence Centre de Saint Jérome Case C21 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France

Radiofrequenc. （rf） trapped ions are versatile c.ndidates for a large panel of applic.tions ranging from.quantum.inform.tion to the c.eation of c.ld m.lec.les. Sam.le size c.n range from.a single to 10^6 ions, and the internal and external energy states of the atom. c.n be c.ntrolled with high prec.sion. In the experim.nt, we foc.s on different protoc.ls related to frequenc. m.trology using rf trapped c..

关键词： Radiofrequenc. trapped ion Frequenc. m.trology Laser stabilisation